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1.
女贞苦丁茶挥发油成分分析   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
苦丁茶是我国南方各民族长期饮用的茶代用品之一,其基原植物种类较多,据调查苦丁茶原植物有9科15种植物,其中木犀科(Oleaceae)女贞属(Ligustrum L.)有粗壮女贞[L. robustum (Roxb.) Bl.]、紫茎女贞(L. purpurascens Y.C.Yang)、序梗女贞(L. pedunculare Rehd)、日本毛女贞(L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubescens Koidz.)等[1~8].  相似文献   

2.
粗壮女贞(苦丁茶)不同种质材料遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
木犀科苦丁茶是我国西南地区一大类重要的代茶饮料植物,其中以粗壮女贞[Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume]为代表.本研究应用随机扩增多态DNA(randomly amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)分子标记技术,系统地研究了粗壮女贞种质材料的亲缘关系和遗传多样性.用所筛选出的19条RAPD随机引物对79份不同地域来源的粗壮女贞种质材料进行扩增,共扩增出369条谱带,多态性带百分率为86.0%;各种质材料间的GS值变化范围为0.466 4~0.973 6,平均GS值为0.662 3;有效等位基因数Ne=1.432 1,Nei’s基因多样性指数He=0.259 5,Shannon多样性信息指数Ho=0.396 0.这表明,粗壮女贞不同地域来源或不同类群种质材料之间存在着显著的遗传差异,其遗传多样性丰富; RAPD技术可以应用于粗壮女贞种内遗传多样性分析.基于RAPD遗传相似系数的UPGMA聚类结果表明,所有各供试材料均按其地理起源聚类,可把供试的79份粗壮女贞材料分为两大类群,即A类群(贵州 四川类群)和B类群 (云南类群).  相似文献   

3.
中国车前属种子形态及其分类学意义   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
本文研究了中国车前科Plantaginaceae车前属plantago2亚属8组17种及1变种植物的种子, 在扫描电子显微镜下的形态及亚显微结构(种皮纹饰).结果表明种子形态有四个类型:1,多角形类型;2.舟形类型;3.卵形类型;4.矩圆形类型。各个种的种子形态和种皮纹饰有着相当明显的区别。新种plantago densiflorus的建立应用了种子形态和种皮纹饰这一特征。车前种子形态分类与pilger用植物其他形态特征建立的车前属分类系统是一致的,因此,笔者支持Pilger的车前属分类系统。  相似文献   

4.
利用扫描电镜和解剖镜对西藏色季拉山区分布的龙胆科6属20种植物种子微形态进行观察研究。结果显示:这20种植物的种子颜色有黑色、黄色、黑褐色、黄褐色、灰褐色和红棕色6种;种子形状分为长卵球形、卵球形、椭圆球形、矩圆形和近球形;表皮纹饰可分为4种类型,即网纹型、条纹型、疣状型和嚼烂型,其中网纹型又细分为6个亚型。根据种子微形态特征,笔者对龙胆科相关属的进化趋势、分类学意义和分类鉴定等进行了讨论,认为獐牙菜属(Swertia L.)和龙胆属(Gentiana(Tourn.)L.)进化程度较高;从种子微形态特征上看肋柱花属(Lomatogonium A.Br.)、花锚属(Halenia Borkh.)和假龙胆属(Gentianella Moench.)间有较近的亲缘关系;龙胆科各属种子表皮纹饰特征与分类系统基本吻合。本研究表明种子微形态在植物分类研究中具有十分重要的意义,可作为植物系统划分、鉴定和进化研究的参考性状。  相似文献   

5.
川产苦丁茶的挥发油成分分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文采用GC-MS联用技术分析了粗壮女贞Ligustrum.Robustum(Roxb)Blume、丽叶女贞L.henryi Hemsl.、总梗女贞L.pedunculare Rehd叶挥发油的化学成分及相对含量,主要为萜烯类化合物等并做了比较。  相似文献   

6.
贵州苦丁茶植物资源及化学成分分析   总被引:24,自引:1,他引:23  
苦丁茶是我国南方各民族长期饮用的一类植物代用茶。在贵州,苦丁茶原植物有6科6属9种,主流品种为木樨科女贞属植物粗壮女贞〔Ligustrumrobustum(Roxb.)Bl.〕。分析了贵州5种苦丁茶植物叶的主要化学成分并和绿茶进行了对比,分析结果表明,苦丁茶类植物是一种营养成分含量丰富,不含咖啡因的营养保健的功能性饮料新资源  相似文献   

7.
五味子属植物种子形态特征及其分类学意义   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在扫描电镜下观察了70多份五味子属种子样品,并拍摄了照片,其中34幅展示在文中。选取代表27个分类群,34个居群的36份种子样品,每份样品20粒,测量长、宽、厚,取平均值。采用“相对体积”这一新概念作为种子形态比较的一项指征。同时对种子整体照片所呈现的表面纹饰进行了分析归纳,将其分为4个类型:(1)平滑或基本平滑,(2)有明显的皱纹,或有或疏或密的疣状突起,(3)有密集而显著的乳头状突起,(4)密被不规则的、有结节的绳索状突起,突起物曲折蜿蜒,酷似哺乳动物的大脑。综合种子的大小、颜色、表面整体纹饰以及雄蕊群特征等分析的结果表明,少蕊组sect.Maximowiczia、五味子组sect.Schisandra和球蕊组sect.Sphaerostema的种子形态分别与其雄蕊群特征具有高度的相关性;而多蕊组sect.Pleiostema的情况稍微复杂一点,但种子形态与与其雄蕊群特征之间仍然有部分相关性。本文以种子的整体形态为基础讨论五味子属种子表面形态在该属分类上的意义。研究种子整体形态得到的证据与研究种子表面微形态得到的证据一致,不支持林祁(2000)和Saunders(2000)对五味子属的分类修订,也不支持刘玉壶(1996)将球蕊组sect.Sphaerostema划分成两个亚属的修订。  相似文献   

8.
凤仙花属种子形态及其在分类学上的意义   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
本文首次记载了对分布于峨眉山的凤仙花属Impatiens 12种植物的种子表面显微结构的观察, 并分析了种子表面形态在该属种水平上的分类价值及可能的系统学意义。种皮表层细胞特化、排列方 式、隆起状态、种脊上近合点端的突起、种子末端附属物的有无及其形态等性状被视为凤仙花属种子表 面的主要特征。依据这些性状12种凤仙花种子形态分为两种类型:1.种子表面光滑,无明显大、小细胞 分化。如白花凤仙I.wilsoni可能具3沟花粉凤仙花的种子形态的特点。2.表面粗糙,有明显大、小细 胞的分化及不同程度的细胞隆起,并呈现出多种特异形态.这代表了以一年生草本,4沟花粉为特点的 凤仙花种子形态特征。种子特征与植物体习性、花形态及花粉形态相关,在一定程度上反映了属内类群的分化,因而在凤仙花科、属的分类和系统研究中是不可忽视的性状。  相似文献   

9.
利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国25种4变种绣线菊属(Spiraea L.)植物的种子形态特征进行了研究。结果显示,绣线菊属植物种子外观上呈窄线形至椭圆形,表面有光泽和条纹,种子颜色为红棕色至深褐色;种皮纹饰可分为网纹、复网纹、负网纹和链状网纹4种类型。种子按长宽比的划分方法在一定程度上支持该属传统的组下系的划分;种皮纹饰在种间具有明显的差异,可作为中国绣线菊属植物种的分类依据。本研究为绣线菊属的分类及系统学研究提供了种子形态及种皮微观形态方面的新资料,对进一步完善该属属下分类具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

10.
中国蕨类植物孢子形态的研究 Ⅰ. 海金沙科   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
此文是中国蕨类植物孢子形态研究的第一部分。首次利用扫描电镜对国产海金沙科Lygodiaceae 海金沙属Lygodium 10种植物的孢子形态进行了观察,并利用透射电镜对孢壁的结构进行了研究。此 外,还对采自国外的另外10种海金沙属植物的孢子进行了比较观察。海金沙属孢子为三裂缝,少数为单 裂缝,其表面纹饰可分为4种类型:①瘤状纹饰,海金沙属多数种类的孢子具此类型;②表面平滑,L. palmatum、L. subareolatum、L.yunnanense、L. volubile 等属此类型;③疣状纹饰,L. dimorphum、L.digita- tum、L. kingii等属此类型;④网穴状纹饰,L. scandens,L.reticulatum等属此类型。网状纹饰类型的孢子表面轮廓是由外壁形成,其余类型的孢子表面轮廓由周壁形成。此文还对海金沙属的孢子特征及其在分类上的意义进行了探讨。  相似文献   

11.
Milne RI  Abbott RJ 《Heredity》2004,92(2):78-87
Information concerning the area of origin, genetic diversity and possible acquisition of germplasm through hybridisation is fundamental to understanding the evolution, ecology and possible control measures for an introduced invasive plant species. Among the most damaging of alien plants that are invading and degrading native vegetation in the Mascarene Islands of the Indian Ocean is the Tree Privet, Ligustrum robustum. Exact information about the geographic source of introduced material of this species is lacking, in part because Ligustrum is a taxonomically difficult genus. Native material of L. robustum ssp. walkeri from Sri Lanka, L. robustum ssp. robustum from northeastern India, and the closely related L. perrottetii from southern India was compared with introduced material from La Réunion and Mauritius using chloroplast DNA RFLP markers and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). Sri Lankan and introduced material was monomorphic for the same cpDNA haplotype that was absent from south and northeast Indian Ligustrum. Sri Lankan and introduced material was also clearly distinguished from Indian Ligustrum by RAPDs. It was concluded that material introduced and established in the Mascarene Islands is derived from the Sri Lankan subspecies L. robustum ssp. walkeri. No geographic structuring of genetic variation within Sri Lanka was detected for this taxon, so the location(s) within Sri Lanka from which introduced material is derived could not be pinpointed. RAPDs indicate that L. robustum ssp. walkeri in Sri Lanka is more similar to south Indian L. perrottetii than to northeast Indian L. robustum ssp. robustum. Moreover, RAPDs showed that introduced material in La Réunion has undergone little or no loss of genetic diversity since introduction. However, there was no evidence that it is introgressed with germplasm from two other alien Ligustrum species present on La Réunion.  相似文献   

12.
In Mauritius, many of the worst invasive plant species have fleshy fruits and rely on animals for dispersal. The introduced red‐whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) feeds on many fleshy‐fruited species, and often moves from invaded and degraded habitats into higher quality native forests, thus potentially acting as a mediator of continued plant invasion into these areas. Furthermore, gut passage may influence seed germination. To investigate this, we fed fleshy fruits of two invasive plant species, Ligustrum robustum and Clidemia hirta, to red‐whiskered bulbuls. Gut passage times of seeds were recorded. Gut‐passed seeds were sown and their germination rate and germination success compared with that of hand‐cleaned seeds, as well as that of seeds in whole fruits. Gut passage and hand‐cleaning had significant positive effects on germination of both species. Gut‐passed seeds of both C. hirta and L. robustum germinated faster than hand‐cleaned seeds. However, for L. robustum, this was only true when compared with hand‐cleaned seeds with intact endocarp; when compared with hand‐cleaned seeds without endocarp, there was no difference. For overall germination success, there was a positive effect of gut passage for C. hirta, but not for L. robustum. For both C. hirta and L. robustum, no seeds in intact fruits geminated, suggesting that removal of pulp is essential for germination. Our results suggest that, first, the initial invasion of native forests in Mauritius may not have happened so rapidly without efficient avian seed dispersers like the red‐whiskered bulbul. Second, the bulbul is likely to be a major factor in the continued re‐invasion of C. hirta and L. robustum into weeded and restored conservation management areas.  相似文献   

13.
澄清海南有鳞始蕨属Lindsaea Dryand.植物11种和1变种,其中碎叶鳞始蕨L. chingii C. Chr.为海南分布新记录。讨论了团叶鳞始蕨L. orbiculata (Lam.) Mett. ex Kuhn和钱氏鳞始蕨L. chienii Ching的形态变异。4个学名, 即L. annamensis K. U. Kramer、海南鳞始蕨L. hainanensis Ching、封开鳞始蕨L. fengkaiensis B. S. Wang &; S. H. Shi和海岛鳞始蕨L. orbiculata var. commixta (Tagawa) K. U. Kramer处理为异名。列出了分种检索表, 在每一分类群下列有文献引证、标本引证、生境及分布资料。  相似文献   

14.
通过对中国主要标本馆壳斗科柯属标本的整理,发现一中国分布新记录种防城柯。基于标本形态学特征将光果柯和川柯分别作为硬壳柯和圆锥柯的异名进行归并。  相似文献   

15.
16.
Melon, Cucumis melo L. is an important vegetable crop worldwide. At present, there are phenomena of homonyms and synonyms present in the melon seed markets of China, which could cause variety authenticity issues influencing the process of melon breeding, production, marketing and other aspects. Molecular markers, especially microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are playing increasingly important roles for cultivar identification. The aim of this study was to construct a DNA fingerprinting database of major melon cultivars, which could provide a possibility for the establishment of a technical standard system for purity and authenticity identification of melon seeds. In this study, to develop the core set SSR markers, 470 polymorphic SSRs were selected as the candidate markers from 1219 SSRs using 20 representative melon varieties (lines). Eighteen SSR markers, evenly distributed across the genome and with the highest contents of polymorphism information (PIC) were identified as the core marker set for melon DNA fingerprinting analysis. Fingerprint codes for 471 melon varieties (lines) were established. There were 51 materials which were classified into17 groups based on sharing the same fingerprint code, while field traits survey results showed that these plants in the same group were synonyms because of the same or similar field characters. Furthermore, DNA fingerprinting quick response (QR) codes of 471 melon varieties (lines) were constructed. Due to its fast readability and large storage capacity, QR coding melon DNA fingerprinting is in favor of read convenience and commercial applications.  相似文献   

17.
在标本研究和野外考察的基础上,结合微形态分析结果和植物地理学资料,对泛喜马拉雅地区铁线蕨属细叶铁线蕨系进行丫分类学修订。研究结果表明该系植物囊群盖的形状、末回小羽片上缘锯齿的形态和鳞片微形态特征是物种划分的重要性状。承认泛喜马拉雅地区该系植物分布有7种和2变种,分别是陇南铁线蕨Adiantum roborowskii、肾盖铁线蕨A.roborowskiivar.robustum、毛足铁线蕨A.bonatianum、冯氏铁线蕨A.fengianum、长盖铁线蕨A.fimbriatum、白背铁线蕨A.davidii、长刺铁线蕨A.davidiivar.longispina、细叶铁线蕨A,venustum和西藏铁线蕨A.tibeticum。对三个分类学名称进行了归并,即将圆齿铁线蕨Adiantun breviserratum处理为长盖铁线蕨A.fimbriatum的异名,肾盖铁线蕨Adiantum erythrochlamys处理为A.roborowskii var.robustum的异名.无芒铁线蕨Adiantum bonatianum var.subaristatum处理为毛足铁线蕨A.bonatianum的异名。  相似文献   

18.
Dispersal abilities of invading species emerge from the interaction between the species and some features of the target community. Ligustrum lucidum is a tree species invading different ecosystems. Major spatial patterns of Ligustrum invasions and their ecological consequences have been analyzed, but no study addressed the dispersal process at a fine scale, assessing the effects of different biological and environmental factors. Ligustrum lucidum is an ornithochoric species. The structure of the environment determines bird movements and thus affects seed dispersal. We used inverse modeling to analyze bird-mediated dispersal of L. lucidum seeds in a secondary Yungas forest and surrounding crop-fields. We assessed the effects of egestion mode (regurgitation and defecation) and tree density (as an environment character) on seed dispersal. Seed dispersal presented different spatial patterns depending on the egestion mode. Tree density was positively associated with the number of regurgitated dispersed seeds and negatively associated with the number of defecated dispersed seeds. In both cases, dispersal distance increased in open areas, but absence of perches inhibited seed arrival. Thus, spread of L. lucidum is facilitated in open areas with some trees; inside the native forest, short distance dispersal facilitates the gradual invasion by this exotic species. Our results suggest that processes like crop abandonment and forest succession, which are active in subtropical montane systems, may facilitate L. lucidum invasion. Our seed dispersal models should be combined with actual distribution maps of L. lucidum to identify areas vulnerable to new invasions.  相似文献   

19.
Four species of the Monogenoidea, Laticola lingaoensis n. sp., L. latesi (Tripathi, 1957) n. comb. [previously Pseudorhabdosynochus latesi (Tripathi, 1957) Kritsky & Beverley-Burton, 1986], L. paralatesi (Nagibina, 1976) n. comb. [previously Diplectanum paralatesi Nagibina, 1976] and Diplectanum penangi Liang & Leong, 1991, are reported from the gills of Lates calcarifer (Centropomidae) from the South China Sea (new geographical records for L. latesi and D. penangi). Collections from off Bathurst Island, Northern Territory, Australia, represent a new geographic record for L. paralatesi; Chilka Lake, Orissa, India, is established as the type-locality for L. latesi. Laticola n. g. (Diplectanidae) is proposed for species with a spoon-shaped copulatory organ with two to four concentric incomplete ridges in the base. Laticola lingaoensis, the type-species of Laticola, is described, and L. latesi and L. paralatesi are redescribed based on specimens from the South China Sea. Pseudorhabdosynochus monosquamodiscusi Balasuriya & Leong, 1995 and Pseudorhabdosynochus yangjiangenesis Wu & Li, 2005 are considered junior subjective synonyms of L. latesi and L. paralatesi, respectively.  相似文献   

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