女贞的一种小分子闭环RNA

女贞(Ligustrum Cornpactum)叶片的核酸提取物,经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE),出现两条低分子量的核酸带,DNase 1及RNase A处理证实两条核酸带均为RNA,初步测得迁移率较小的RNA的分子量约为0.7×10~5道尔顿,5＇末端标记,双相及双方向PAGE分析证实,该RNA是存在于女贞叶片细胞内的一种小分子闭环RNA(简称psc RNA),不同离子强度下的RNase A处理揭示,psc RNA分子内有大量碱基互补结构,从点杂交结果推断psc RNA的一级结构中,不含绝大多数闭环类病毒RNA所共同具有的中心保守区段,在本实验的条件下pscRNA不能感染爪哇三七,女贞叶片汁液和按照提取,纯化病毒粒子的程序制备的溶液。在电镜下均没有观察到病毒颗粒,结果表明,女贞叶片细胞中存在一种无蛋白质外壳包被的、具有次量分子内碱基互辅结构的共价闭合环状RNA分子,在其它两种植物中,亦初步检测到此类闭环RNA分子,讨论了此种闭环RNA分子的意义。     

柑桔裂皮病类病毒感染爪哇三七叶片原生质体

柑桔裂皮病类病毒(Citrile Exocortis Viroid,简称CEV)是一种严重影响柑桔生产的单链闭环RNA致病因子,近年来人们已对它的理化特性、检测方法以及离体培养系统进行了研究。由于利用原生质体出利用整个植物或愈伤组织来研究CEV复制和致病机理更为优越,所以建立一个适合CEV感染的原生质体体系是人们关心的重要课题。     

几种化学药物对柑桔裂皮病类病毒感染和复制的影响

经柑桔裂皮病类病毒(Citrus exocortis viroid,简称CEV)感染后的指示植物爪哇三七(Cynura aurantiaca),分别施用不同浓度的赤霉素(5ppm,10ppm,50ppm,100ppm,200ppm)、萘(100ppm,300ppm)、5-氟尿嘧啶(0.5mg/L,1mg/L,2mg/L)溶液,其相对感染指数(Relative infectivity index)均有程度不同的改变。抽提叶片核酸,经5％双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)-银染色法结合凝胶扫描技术确定CEV浓度,辅以点杂交方法定性,观察到施用赤霉素组CEV浓度增高,施用萘组和5-氟尿嘧啶组CEV浓度均降低。用无性繁殖的柑桔苗作材料,CEV感染后分别施用50ppm赤霉素、300ppm萘、1mg/L 5-氟尿嘧啶溶液,用相同的分析方法,得到了与爪哇三七一致的结果。讨论了这三种药物影响CEV复制的意义。     

柑桔根繁能脱除裂皮病类病毒吗?

柑桔裂皮病类病毒(Citrus Exocortis Vitold,CEV)的传播和流行,对柑桔的生产带来了严重的损失。已证明特CEV的亲本可通过嫁接、插枝这两种营养繁殖的方式将CEV传播给子代。所以,CEV脱毒方法就成为生产上急待解决的问题。据报道,采用热处理、茎尖微芽嫁接和选育珠心苗等技术可获得无毒植株。嫁接是一种常用的育苗方法,然     

矮化枣树叶中小分子环状RNA的初步研究

枣树矮化病是我国枣树苗繁育中新发现的重要病害,其症状表现为节间短缩,枝叶密挤,呈丛状。病树比相同条件下的正常树约矮二分之一。其病因未见有研究报道。我们对病株叶组织抽提液,用电子显微镜没有观察到病毒颗粒和类菌原体。从病树和正常枣树叶的细胞核抽提液中,用正反和垂直双向凝胶电泳方法分析细胞核RNA,结果发现,病株叶细胞核RNA中含有环状低分子量的RNA。这是我国首次在矮化枣树叶细胞核中分离到的环状小分子RNA。这一发现将对枣树矮化病的病因研究提供一个有用的线索。     

柑桔裂皮病类病毒一爪哇三七悬浮细胞的生长特性

爪哇三七(Gvnura aurantlaca Dc)是柑桔裂皮病类病毒(Citrus Exocortis Viroid简称CEV)敏惑的指示植物。用CEV感染的柑桔叶研磨汁液机械接种健康爪哇三七植株,以此作为CEV感染的外植体采源。在MS和B,琼脂培养基上诱导和继代培养健康、CEV感染的爪哇三七叶片的愈伤组织,在MS、B,液体培养基中建立健康、CEX’感染的爪哇三七悬浮细胞系统。从愈伤组织和悬浮细胞培养物中抽提核酸,经5％双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染分析：在健康爪哇三七愈伤组织和悬浮细晦中不出现特异的CEV电泳带,而CEV感染的爪哇三七的所有培养物中都含有类病毒。cEV可在有丝分裂征盛的爪哇三七悬浮细胞中复制。散伤组织和悬浮细胞很容易继代培养和保存。     

爪哇三七组织培养类病毒的初步研究

用含裂皮病类病毒(Citrus exoeortis viroid,简称CEV)的古巴花叶橙、冰糖橙的叶汁和核酸粗提物感染爪哇三七(Gynura aurantiaca),取其腋芽和嫩叶作外植体,经消毒处理,接种在稍加改良的B5和MS半固体培养基上,置于24℃～27℃遮光培养,经2～3周诱导形成愈伤组织,质地有的松散易碎似白木耳状,有的坚硬灰黑似多瘤状,经双向凝胶电泳-银染法和点杂交法检测,证实用CEV感染的嫩叶和腋芽作外植体,不仅能诱导形成愈伤组织,而且CEV还可能在愈伤组织中复制,结果表明,已初步建立了爪哇三七的组织培养和研究类病毒的离体培养系统。     

Interference between viroids inducing exocortis and cachexia diseases of citrus

Systemic interactions of long duration among the Group I] Citrus Viroids, CVd-IIa and CVd-IIb were investigated by grafting buds from established citron (Citrus medica L.) sources containing single viroids to a common healthy seedling. In healthy tissues, the two viroids became established in approximately equal titres as a mixed infection. By contrast, tissues that grew from the CVd-IIa or CVd-IIb source buds contained only trace amounts of the heterologous invading viroids. This interference between CVd-IIa, a mild exocortis agent, and CVd-IIb, the cachexia agent, was also demonstrated in the presence of CEVd, the severe exocortis agent but not a Group II viroid. When a CVd-IIb bud was propagated on a citron containing CVd-IIa, a dramatic reduction in the titre of CVd-IIb was observed. The interference between CVd-IIa and CVd-IIb indicates that the mild and relatively innocuous isolate, CVd-IIa, can interfere with the replication and/or accumulation of the severe cachexia agent, CVd-IIb, in citrus. This offers a potential practical approach for the control of cachexia in commercial plantings by “viroid interference”.     

感染柑桔裂皮病类病毒的悬浮细胞的一些特性

爪哇三七(Gynura aurantiaca D.C.)是柑桔裂皮病类病毒(Citrus Exocortis Vi-roid,简称CEV)敏感的指示植物。我们建立了健康和CEV感染的爪哇三七悬浮细胞培养的体外系统。绘制了悬浮细胞培养的生长曲线、pH曲线和温度曲线。CEV可以在悬浮细胞中复制。对继代培养中CEV和寄主核酸的连续测定表明CEV的扩增阻遏了寄主核酸的复制。     

The movement and distribution of citrus tristeza virus and citrus exocortis viroid in citrus seedlings1

The systemic movement of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in sour orange (Citrus aurantium) seedlings and of citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) in Etrog citron (C. medica) seedlings was studied. The movement of the two pathogens was analysed by detection in sections of roots and stems at different time intervals. Both pathogens were detected initially in the basal parts and the roots and subsequently spread to the shoot. CTV and CEVd moved in young citrus seedlings at similar rates. The findings are consistent with long distance phloem transport of the virus and the viroid. The practical implications of the pattern of systemic movement for diagnosis of infected trees are discussed.     

A gene encoding a novel isoform of the PR-1 protein family from tomato is induced upon viroid infection

A Lycopersicon esculentum cDNA clone encoding an acidic-type pathogenesis-related protein (PR-lal) was isolated, sequenced and characterized. It contains an open reading frame of 175 amino acids and the mature protein, after cleavage of the 21 amino acid signals peptide, has a pl of 5.24. The protein shows highest homology (75% identity) with the basic pathogenesis-related prb-lb protein from tobacco. The PR-lal gene shows constitutive expression in roots from tomato plants. It is expressed in leaves and stems upon viroid infection, and appears to be induced by ethylene. Comparative studies of this gene and a related basic isoform of PR-1 indicate that the expression of these two members of the PR-1 gene family in tomato may be differentially regulated upon viroid infection.The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession number X71592.