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树附生苔藓植物是一类附生在树木上的苔藓植物,是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,在维持生物多样性和生态系统功能等方面发挥着重要的作用。由于树附生苔藓植物结构简单,对环境变化尤为敏感,常在大气污染、气候变化、森林干扰等方面作为指示生物。随着全球变化的加剧,其多样性势必会受到影响。因此,研究树附生苔藓植物多样性分布及其对不同环境因子的响应,对于全球变化背景下树附生苔藓植物的保护和利用具有重要的指导性意义。首先对树附生苔藓植物多样性和空间分布现状进行阐述,然后从附主树木特征、森林群落特征和全球变化等3个方面探讨树附生苔藓植物多样性与影响因素之间的关系,以期从"个体-群落-全球"不同尺度进行分析,为树附生苔藓植物的保护和利用等研究提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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正苔藓植物能适应多种环境,裸露的岩石、干热的沙漠、寒冷的极地、各种类型的森林、沼泽和各种水体均有分布,同时也是生物多样性的重要组成成分,与森林演替密切相关[1-2]。苔藓植物对环境变化敏感,在植被变迁、水土保持、环境监测和森林更新等方面有重要指示作用。随着社会经济发展,环境不断恶化,苔藓植物的生存与发展受到严重威胁,许多特有属明显衰减,苔藓植物多样性的保护受到极大关注[3-7]。西藏色季拉山广泛分布原始森林和苔藓植物,为研究亚 相似文献
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苔藓植物的化学元素含量及其特点 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
苔藓植物是化学元素最有效的积累者,在指示环境质量变化方面有其独到之处。本文阐述了苔藓植物体内地球化学元素的组成、含量、来源及其特点,用以揭示影响苔藓植物地球化学元素的因素,从而为苔藓植物作为指示生物提供更可靠的理论依据。苔藓植物体内所含的元素种类很多,主要来自大气沉降(如降水、降尘、扬尘、树冠淋溶等)和生长基质(如土壤、岩石等),元素含量受到区域空间、生态系统、苔藓种类以及时间季节的影响。苔藓植物体内地球化学元素含量可以指示环境条件(如区域空间、生态系统和时间)的差异。 相似文献
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苔藓植物生态功能研究新进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
苔藓植物是一种形体微小、结构简单的高等植物,是水生向陆生的一种过渡形式,是高等植物中最原始的类群.随着研究的发展,人们越来越意识到苔藓植物在生态系统结构和功能中具有非常重要的作用,而且对苔藓在生物监测、水土保持、森林更新等方面已有一些研究和综述.本文针对目前环境科学研究中的一些热点问题,从全球气候变化、生态系统C、N、P循环等方面对近年来苔藓植物的生态功能研究方面的新进展进行了综述,以期加深人们对苔藓的认识并促进苔藓植物生态功能的进一步深入研究. 相似文献
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苔藓植物分布及其物种多样性的研究评述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
苔藓植物由于其重要的生态功能及其在植物界中的系统位置而日益受到人们的重视,但是随着全球气候的变化,其多样性受到严重的威胁。文中综述了苔藓植物分布和物种多样性的研究进展,并对其影响因素作了分析,认为环境条件,包括植被、气候、干扰度等均对分布和多样性产生重要影响。对苔藓植物研究方法进行了探讨,认为应对研究方法进行广泛深入的研究,引入新的研究方法和思路,为开展大尺度的苔藓植物综合研究和为生物多样性保护奠定基础。 相似文献
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蝴蝶对全球气候变化响应的研究综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
全球气候变化以及生物对其响应已引起人们的广泛关注。在众多生物中,蝴蝶被公认为是对全球气候变化最敏感的指示物种之一。已有大量的研究结果表明,蝴蝶类群已经在地理分布范围、生活史特性以及生物多样性变化等方面对全球气候变化作出了响应。根据全球范围内蝴蝶类群对气候变化响应的研究资料,尤其是欧美一些长期监测的研究成果,综述了蝴蝶类群在物种分布格局、物候、繁殖、形态特征变化、种群动态以及物种多样性变化等方面对气候变化的响应特征,认为温度升高和极端天气是导致蝴蝶物种分布格局和种群动态变化的主要因素。在此基础上,展望了我国开展蝴蝶类群对气候变化响应方面研究的未来发展趋势。 相似文献
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苔藓植物是环境污染的重要指示生物,目前,国内开展的主要是应用苔藓植物进行大气污染的监测,事实上国外已有较多应用苔藓植物进行水体质量监测的工作。该文首先统计分析了国际上应用苔藓植物进行水环境质量监测研究文献,然后从苔藓植物监测的水体污染物类型、监测用苔藓植物种类、苔藓植物材料存活状态对监测效果的影响、影响苔藓植物富集水体重金属元素的环境因素、应用苔藓植物进行水体污染监测的主动与被动方法、样品预处理方法和水体质量监测的应用案例等方面,系统介绍了国际上应用苔藓植物进行水体污染监测的研究和应用概况,提出了今后应用苔藓植物监测水体污染研究值得关注的领域。 相似文献
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Ancient woodlands, with their long ecological continuity, frequently harbor a high number of typical, rare and threatened species, and are therefore of particular importance for nature conservation. To pinpoint these habitats, a common application is the use of plants as “ancient woodland indicators”. The occurrence of these particular species allows for evaluating the continuity of woodland cover in time. While lists of ancient woodland vascular plants have been derived for many regions, the identification and use of bryophytes as ancient woodland indicators has been widely neglected. This is a bit surprising because certain woodland bryophytes are very sensitive to varying environmental conditions or changes in land management. It therefore appeared promising to compile an ecologically grounded list of ancient woodland indicator bryophytes for practical use.In this study, we present a set of ancient woodland indicator bryophytes based on the analysis of datasets from the North German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein. To compile this list, we systematically evaluated the bryophyte distribution data from floristic surveys in relation to ancient woodland cover data from state-wide inventories. In this way, we were able to determine ancient woodland bryophytes using consistent and repeatable statistical methods.The presented list of 31 ancient woodland indicator bryophytes is ecologically sound and corresponds well with data from the sparse literature. We could distinguish two groups of ancient woodland indicator bryophytes. The first group is linked to base-rich, semi-natural deciduous woodlands with high soil and air humidity. The second group comprises acidophilic bryophytes that occur not only in acidic beech and oak woods, but also in acidic mixed or coniferous forests on ancient woodland sites. Apart from the ancient woodland indicator bryophytes, we could identify one group of recent woodland bryophytes and four groups of bryophytes that are more or less indifferent with respect to woodland continuity.Finally, we provide recommendations for the application of ancient woodland indicator bryophytes in nature conservation practice. Management suggestions for the conservation of the typical bryophyte diversity of ancient semi-natural woodlands are also given. 相似文献
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长白山暗针叶林苔藓植物生物量的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在长白山北坡暗针叶林对地面和树附生苔藓植物的生物量进行了测定.地面生苔藓采取样带调查取样法测定,树附生苔藓应用McCune方法对树干和树枝的附生苔藓生物量都做了细致的测定.结果表明,长白山暗针叶林中的苔藓植物分布很不均匀,随海拔变化差异很大,海拔1100m最低,仅为543kg·hm^-2;海拔1250m最高,达5097kg·hm^-2.苔藓植物生物量的变化对生境有很好的指示作用,特别是塔藓和拟垂枝藓的生物量随海拔的变化与森林系统的群落学特点有一定的相关性:在海拔1100~1700m,塔藓的生物量与臭冷杉的重要值变化趋势相近,随海拔升高而减少;拟垂枝藓的生物量与鱼鳞云杉重要值的变化趋势相似,随海拔升高而增加.此外,生物量随海拔的变化表明了不同苔藓植物对环境条件要求的差异,拟垂枝藓比塔藓水分条件要求更高.因此,生物量的研究在植物生理上也有一定的指示作用. 相似文献
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Thomas Vanneste Ottar Michelsen Bente Jessen Graae Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide Håkon Holien Kristian Hassel Sigrid Lindmo Rozália Erzsebet Kapás Pieter De Frenne 《Ecological Research》2017,32(4):579-593
Climate change is affecting the composition and functioning of ecosystems across the globe. Mountain ecosystems are particularly sensitive to climate warming since their biota is generally limited by low temperatures. Cryptogams such as lichens and bryophytes are important for the biodiversity and functioning of these ecosystems, but have not often been incorporated in vegetation resurvey studies. Hence, we lack a good understanding of how vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes respond interactively to climate warming in alpine communities. Here we quantified long-term changes in species richness, cover, composition and thermophilization (i.e. the increasing dominance of warm-adapted species) of vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes on four summits at Dovrefjell, Norway. These summits are situated along an elevational gradient from the low alpine to high alpine zone and were surveyed for all species in 2001, 2008 and 2015. During the 15-year period, a decline in lichen richness and increase in bryophyte richness was detected, whereas no change in vascular plant richness was found. Dwarf-shrub abundance progressively increased at the expense of lichens, and thermophilization was most pronounced for vascular plants, but occurred only on the lowest summits and northern aspects. Lichens showed less thermophilization and, for the bryophytes, no significant thermophilization was found. Although recent climate change may have primarily caused the observed changes in vegetation, combined effects with non-climatic factors (e.g. grazing and trampling) are likely important as well. At a larger scale, alpine vegetation shifts could have a profound impact on biosphere functioning with feedbacks to the global climate. 相似文献