低剂量氯吡格雷治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效观察

目的:探讨氯吡格雷(泰嘉)治疗不稳定型心绞痛(unstable angina pectoris,UAP)的疗效。方法:102例不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分治疗组(60例)和对照组(42例),治疗组在常规药物的基础上加氯吡格雷50mg,每天1次,连用4周。对照组用常规药物治疗。两组均观察心绞痛的发作次数、24h动态心电图。结果:治疗组显效43例(79.6%),有效5例(9.3%),对照组显效23例(48.0%),有效10例(20.8%),两组相比差异有显著性(p<0.05)。治疗组心绞痛的发作次数与对照组比较明显减少(P<0.01)、24h动态心电图与对照组比较明显改善(P<0.01)。结论:UAP患者在常规药物治疗的基础上联用低剂量氯吡格雷可取得良好效果,且安全性好。     

氯吡格雷联合丹红注射液治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨氯吡格雷联合丹红注射液治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效。方法:将我院2015年1月——2015年12月收治的120例冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例,其中对照组氯吡格雷+常规治疗,实验组则在氯吡格雷+常规治疗的基础上加用静脉滴注丹红注射液,从中比较两组患者的治疗效果并观察不良反应。结果:实验组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且两组均未发现明显不良反应。结论:冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者在常规治疗+氯吡格雷的基础上加用丹红注射液,可提高临床疗效,不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。     

替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后的心功能和炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后的心功能和炎症反应的影响。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年1月期间我院收治的行介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者300例为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为替格瑞洛组(n=150)和氯吡格雷组(n=150),其中替格瑞洛组给予阿司匹林、替格瑞洛治疗,氯吡格雷组给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)及白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、可溶性CD40配体(s CD40L)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,随访3个月,观察两组患者随访期间心血管不良事件的发生情况。结果:两组患者治疗后LVEF较治疗前升高,且替格瑞洛组高于氯吡格雷组,LVEDd较治疗前降低,且替格瑞洛组低于氯吡格雷组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后IL-6、CRP、s CD40L、TNF-α均较治疗前升高,但替格瑞洛组低于氯吡格雷组(P0.05)。替格瑞洛组随访期间心血管不良事件总发生率为10.00%(15/150),显著低于氯吡格雷组患者的31.33%(47/150),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较于氯吡格雷而言,替格瑞洛治疗行介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者效果满意,可显著改善心功能,降低炎症因子水平及心血管不良事件发生率。     

替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林治疗老年急性冠状动脉综合征的效果及对血清cTnT、BNP、CRP及D-D水平的影响

目的:探讨替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林治疗老年急性冠状动脉综合征的效果及对血清肌钙蛋白-T(Cardiac Troponin T,cTnT)、C反应蛋白(C-reactionprotein,CRP)、脑钠素(Brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)及D-二聚体(D-Dimer,D-D)水平的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2019年1月我院收治的急性冠状动脉综合征老年患者60例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组30例。两组患者均行经皮冠状动脉介入(Percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗,对照组术后给予阿司匹林和氯吡格雷,观察组给予阿司匹林和替格瑞洛。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果、心功能相关指标,治疗前后血清cTnT、BNP、CRP及D-D水平的变化情况及出血事件的发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(93.33%vs. 70%,P 0.05);两组左室收缩末期内径(Left ventricular end systolic diameter,LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)、左心房内径(Left atrial diastolic diameter,LADD)、血清cTnT、BNP、CRP及D-D水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),而左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)较治疗前明显升高(P 0.05),且观察组LVESD、LVEDD、LADD均明显低于对照组(P 0.05),而LVEF显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。此外,观察组出血事件发生率显著低于对照组(P 0.05)。结论:与阿司匹林和氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林可更有效改善老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者的心功能,且出血事件的发生率更低,可能与其显著降低血清cTnT、BNP、CRP及D-D水平有关。     

阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗不稳定型心绞痛200例临床疗效分析

目的:探讨阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗不稳定型心绞痛临床效果。方法:选取我院2012年7月-2013年6月不稳定型心绞痛患者200例,其中88例设置为对照组,在常规治疗基础上应用阿司匹林;观察组112例,在对照组基础上联合应用氯吡格雷治疗。结果:观察组效果评分为3.87±0.03,高于对照组3.24±0.05(P0.05);观察组心绞痛持续时间和心绞痛发作频率分别为3.18±0.03 min和1.39±0.02次/d,均低于对照组3.62±0.07 min和2.81±0.03次/d(P0.05);观察组血浆黏度、红细胞压积和红细胞聚积指数分别为0.78±0.02 P a o s,0.33±0.02 L/L和7.13±0.04(P0.05),均低于对照组(P0.05);两组结果比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应结果比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效确切,可以进一步提高患者血流变学指标。     

阿托伐他汀联合替格瑞洛对冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者炎性因子、血脂及不良心脏事件的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀联合替格瑞洛对冠心病不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者炎性因子、血脂及不良心脏事件的影响。方法:选取2016年2月～2019年2月期间我院收治的103例冠心病伴UAP患者,采用乱数表法将其分为研究组(n=52)和对照组(n=51),对照组给予阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷治疗,研究组给予阿托伐他汀联合替格瑞洛治疗,比较两组临床疗效、炎性因子、血脂、心绞痛发作情况及不良心脏事件。结果:研究组治疗1个月后的临床疗效为88.46%(46/52),高于对照组的66.67%(34/51)(P0.05)。两组治疗1个月后总胆固醇(TC)、超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、三酰甘油(TG)、白介素-6(IL-6)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、心绞痛发作次数、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、心绞痛持续时间均降低,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)升高(P0.05),研究组治疗1个月后TC、TG、LDL-C、IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α、心绞痛发作次数、心绞痛持续时间低于对照组,而HDL-C则高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良心脏事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀联合替格瑞洛治疗冠心病伴UAP患者,疗效确切,可有效改善其炎性因子、血脂水平,且不增加不良心脏事件发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征患者经皮冠脉动脉介入术后血小板抑制效果的比较

目的:比较替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠脉动脉介入术(PCI)后血小板的抑制效果。方法:选择2014年3月至8月在我院经替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林治疗的ACS患者85例(替格瑞洛组),按性别、年龄2:1匹配原则随机抽取同一时间服用氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗患者170例(氯吡格雷组)为研究对象,两组患者均行PCI治疗,并于服用抗血小板药物负荷剂量2天(PCI术后)进行血栓弹力图(TEG)检测,观察和比较两组患者经ADP途径及经AA途径的血小板抑制率。结果:氯吡格雷组和替格瑞洛组经ADP途径的血小板抑制率分别为(66.60±25.57)%、(82.10±18.87)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。氯吡格雷组ADP抑制率50%患者占总人数的29.4%,替格瑞洛组ADP抑制率50%的患者占总人数的10.6%,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),氯吡格雷组ADP抑制率75%者占总人数的41.8%;而替格瑞洛组ADP抑制率75%的患者占总人数的69.4%,两组抑制率差异也存在统计学意义(P0.05)。氯吡格雷组和替格瑞洛组经AA途径的血小板抑制率分别为(88.70±23.89)%、(90.32±18.09)%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:替格瑞洛对ACS患者PCI术后血小板的抑制作用优于氯吡格雷。     

负荷剂量氯吡格雷治疗急性ST段抬高心肌梗死

目的:观察标准治疗基础上联合负荷剂量氯吡格雷治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)的疗效及安全性。方法:106例12小时以内发病的ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为2组,2组均在入院后前3天给予阿司匹林300 mg.d~(-1),此后给予阿司匹林100 mg.d~(-1),A组不给予氯吡格雷治疗,B组入院即刻给予氯吡格雷300 mg,继之75 mg.d~(-1)治疗,平均随访30天。观察溶栓血管再通率、梗死后心绞痛发作、心力衰竭事件及死亡、再发心肌梗死或脑卒中的联合终点。结果:与A组相比,B组患者溶栓血管再通率显著提高、梗死后心绞痛发作明显减少;而在心力衰竭事件及死亡、再发心肌梗死、或脑卒中的联合终点的比较上差异无显著性意义。2组均无主要和次要出血事件发生,轻微出血发生率无统计学差异。结论:急性ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者,不论是否接受择期的冠脉介入治疗(PCI),在标准治疗的基础上早期加用氯吡格雷300mg负荷量,继之75 mg.d~(-1)口服,可显著提高溶栓成功率、降低梗死后心绞痛发作,且安全耐受性好。     

氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林对冠心病心绞痛患者血清hs-CRP,TNF-α及IL-6水平的影响

目的:探讨氯吡格雷与阿司匹林对冠心病心绞痛患者血清炎症因子水平的影响及其临床疗效。方法:选择2014年3月-2016年3月在我院确诊为冠心病心绞痛患者69例作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同,将患者随机分成研究组(39例)和对照组(30例)。对照组患者采用阿司匹林治疗,研究组患者在此基础上联合使用氯吡格雷治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清高敏C-反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)及白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平的变化情况,以及临床疗效。结果:治疗前两组患者血清hs-CRP,IL-6及TNF-α水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者血清hs-CRP,IL-6及TNF-α水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者临床总有效率(94.7%)高于对照组(88.9%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床效果显著,能够降低患者血清hs-CRP,IL-6及TNF-α炎症因子水平,值得临床推广应用。     

氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗老年冠心病的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗老年冠心病(CHD)的临床疗效和安全性。方法:60例老年CHD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组采用阿司匹林治疗,治疗组采用氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗,治疗4周后观察血小板聚集率(PAG)和凝血功能。结果:治疗4周后,治疗组PAG显著下降,APTT显著上升,与治疗前和对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);两组治疗前后PT、PA变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组均未出现不良反应。结论:阿斯匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗老年CHD患者,较单用阿斯匹林治疗更能有效地抑制血小板聚集和预防血栓形成,并能得到更好的临床疗效。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

History of the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus

This essay documents and examines the historical circumstances and events surrounding the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus in Cuba. Close scrutiny of the articles published by Walter Reed and his colleagues in 1900, 1901 and 1902 reveals their limitations as historic documents. Fortunately, other sources of information from that period survive in letters and documents written by individuals involved in the quest for the mode of transmission. Examination and comparison of those sources of information unveiled a fascinating story which reveals that misunderstandings engendered by published articles accorded merit where it was not fully due.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.