中国亚热带东部藤本植物的多样性

藤本植物是一类生物型特殊的非自然分类群,笔者从藤本植物的来源、类型、数量、性质等角度探讨了中国亚热带东部藤本植物的多样性特征。结果如下：①本区计有藤本植物５８科、１６４属、６１１种（不包括蕨类藤本）,分别占总被子植物科、属和种的２９．１％、１０．３％和９．６％,在种的丰富度上略高于温带森林区域（７％）,而低于热带区域（１９％）;木质藤本占绝对优势,为７２．３％,草质藤本占２７．７％。②主要由含少量     

喀喇昆仑山-昆仑山地区植物的生活型组成

喀喇昆仑山－昆仑山地区植物生活型组成以地面芽植物为主,约占４５．１％。其次是隐芽植物（包括地下芽植物、水生植物和沼生植物）,约占１９．６％。一年生植物、地上芽植物、高位芽植物分别占１５．８％、１０．５％、９．１％。然而,不同地段的植物生活型谱存在着明显的差异。昆仑北翼山地的３个地段（Ⅰ２、Ⅰ３和Ⅰ４）俯瞰着极端干旱的塔里木盆地,又有海拔３０００ｍ以下的山地荒漠带和山地荒漠草原带,其生活型谱比较相似,表现在一年生植物所占比例均在１５％以上,高于其余５个地段的约１０％;这３个地段地面芽植物的比例约为４０％,低于其余５个地段的约５２％。植物生活型谱随海拔高度的变化规律是,高位芽植物、一年生植物和隐芽植物在生活型谱中所占比例随海拔升高而下降,地面芽植物和地上芽植物所占比例随海拔升高而增加。这个结果说明一年生植物比较适应荒漠气候条件下降水量少、年变率大的特点,而不适应高寒地区低温、生长季短的气候特点。与此相反,地面芽植物和垫状、匍匐状地上芽植物比较适应寒冷地区气温低、生长季短的气候特点,能更好地利用地表和近地面层温度较高的条件     

安徽大别山野生藤本植物区系与生活型分析

大别山野生藤本植物共175种,隶属30科67属,其基本特点是:双子叶植物科属种最多,其中又以小型科属和单种科属较多,大科属较少。区系成分分析表明,热带成分居首位(22.4%),其次是东亚成分(19.4%)、东亚北美洲成分(13.4%);生活型以高芽位藤本106种(60.6%)占优,其后依次为地下芽藤本44种(25.1%)、地面芽藤本13种(7.4%)、一年生藤本8种(4.6%)和地上芽藤本4种(2.3%)。     

湖南新宁野生藤本植物组成及多样性分析

采用实地调查、标本采集和查证相结合的方法,对湖南新宁野生藤本植物组成及多样性进行了研究。结果表明：新宁共有野生藤本植物49科111属354种,分别占该区域植物科、属和种数的20．50％、10．72％和11．21％,包含蕨类植物2科2属2种、裸子植物1科1属1种、被子植物46科108属351种;其中,双子叶藤本种类具有明显优势,木质藤本数量多于草质藤本,优势科明显但单种属和寡种属数量较多。在生活型上以高位芽藤本种类为主,占总种数的80．80％,地下芽、一年生、地上芽和地面芽藤本种类较少,分别占总种数的6．21％、5．08％、4．52％和3．39％。在攀援方式上缠绕藤本具有明显优势,占总种数的46．61％;卷曲类、搭靠类和吸固类藤本种类较少,分别占总种数的24．58％、19．49％和9．32％。大部分藤本植物都具有2种以上的观赏特性,其中以观叶植物最多,占总种数的90．68％。繁育系统以两性花为主,单性花中雌雄异株种数多于雌雄同株,两性花、单性花和杂性花种类数分别占总种数的70．90％、27．69％和1．41％。分布区类型以热带成分为主,温带成分也占较大比例,说明该区域的藤本植物分布具有从热带成分向温带成分渗透和过渡的特性。调查结果表明：新宁野生藤本植物组成复杂、多样性特征明显,与该区域植物区系在中亚热带季风湿润气候条件下受山丘地貌区复杂生境长期作用有关。     

贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区藤本植物的研究——附梵净山藤本植物名录

研究了贵州梵净山国家级自然保护区藤本植物的区系及生态特性。结果表明：（1）本区计有藤本植物45科,89属,253种（含种下分类群）。（2）本区藤本植物区系起源古老而复杂,藤本区系本源广泛。其中藤本种的分布区有18个类型或亚型,热带区系成分占明显优势,为55．96％,温带区系成分占42．21％;特有分布类型占1．83％。（3）本区多年生藤本和木质藤本占绝对优势,分别占98．42％（一年生占1．58％）和78．05％（草质占20．95％）;常绿藤本占优势,为59．44％,落叶藤本占37．75％,同时也有半常绿藤本,占2．81％。（4）本区藤本植物的分布与植被类型、土壤、海拔高度、湿度、温度等环境条件密切相关;本区不同的森林类型中藤本植物的种类也不同,其藤本植物种类随海拔升高而减少,低山林带、中山林带和高山林带分布着不同的藤本植物。（5）初步编制了附生境的“梵净山藤本植物名录。     

缙云山常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段植物生活型谱比较研究

采用Raunkiner生活型分类系统,对缙云山常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段植物的生活型进行统计,编制了生活型谱,并与其他亚热带地区常绿阔叶林相比较。结果表明,缙云山植被属典型的中亚热带常绿阔叶林植被,高位芽植物占绝对优势,达80％以上,其中小高位芽植物最多,中高位芽与矮高位芽植物次之,藤本植物较丰富。缙云山不同演替阶段的植物的生活型谱不同。随着进展演替阶段的逐渐更替,高位芽植物的比例呈递增趋势,地面芽植物、地下芽植物成分有所减少。高位芽的常绿树种会逐渐代替针叶树种。     

浙江天台山七子花群落特征的初步研究

天台山的七子花林,常见的种子植物有１２５种,隶属５１科,１０２属。其中热带类型３６属,温带类型５２属。按Ｒａｕｎｋｉａｅｒ生活型统计,高位芽植物占７０．８％,地面芽植物占２２．３％,地下芽植物占４．６％,一年生植物占２．３％,高位芽植物的比例与本省常绿落叶阔叶混交林的生活型谱近似。叶级以小型叶为主,占５３．１％。叶型以单叶比例最大,占７８．５％。群落结构可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层和地被层。     

植物生活型分类系统的修订及中国暖温带森林植物生活型谱分析

根据中国暖温带森林植物习性,修订了Ｒａｕｎｋｉｅａｒ的生活型分类系统。通过对暖温带森林植物生活型谱的分析,证明暖温带森林群落植物生活型谱以地面芽为主,其次是地下芽。受水、热不足和人为活动频繁等条件的限制,暖温带地区缺乏或极少有高于２５ｍ的大高位芽植物;中高位芽、小高位芽和矮高位芽植物所占的比重与地面芽植物近似,其中落叶阔叶高位芽植物占有绝对的优势。主要由上述生活型所构成的暖温带森林植物生活型谱,基本反映了我国暖温带森林区夏季温暖多雨、冬季寒冷干旱的中纬度气候特征。     

中国亚热带灌丛植物生活型组成及其与水热因子的相关性

灌丛是亚热带一种重要的自然植被类型,有关其植物生活型方面的研究资料较少。该文采用分层随机抽样方法布设688个样点,系统调查了亚热带常绿阔叶林区域内灌丛维管植物生活型组成,分析其生活型谱特征、地理格局及其与水热因子间的关系。研究发现:(1)亚热带灌丛中,木本植物种数占总种数的56.37%,其中落叶和常绿木本植物种数各占33.88%和22.49%;草本植物占43.63%,以多年生草本为主,占35.15%;生活型组成以高位芽植物为主,其次为地面芽植物,生活型谱表现为高位芽植物地面芽植物一年生草本隐芽植物地上芽植物。(2)植物生活型主要表现为经度和海拔格局;高位芽植物随经度增加逐渐增多,地面芽植物、隐芽植物和一年生植物随经度增加而减少;地面芽植物和隐芽植物随海拔升高而逐渐增加,高位芽植物、地上芽植物和一年生植物随海拔升高而逐渐减少。(3)气候因子中,最热月平均气温和最冷月降水量与高位芽植物、地面芽植物、隐芽植物和一年生植物的相关性最大;随着最热月平均气温的升高和最冷月降水量增多,高位芽植物比例增加,地面芽植物、隐芽植物和一年生植物减少;最热月平均气温和最冷月降水量可解释亚热带灌丛生活型谱地理格局变异的41.97%,其中28.35%由两者共同贡献。研究结果表明:高位芽植物和地面芽植物受温度和降水共同影响,隐芽植物对温度梯度的反应更加灵敏,一年生植物对降水的响应更加强烈,地上芽植物不随水热梯度发生大的波动;最热月平均气温和最冷月降水量是影响灌丛植物生活型谱地理格局最重要的水热因子。     

铜壁关自然保护区藤本植物多样性研究

为了解铜壁关自然保护区藤本植物现状,经实地考察对其组成和多样性进行了研究。结果表明:本区有藤本植物676种,隶属于65科209属,双子叶藤本植物具有明显优势,计56科192属597种。生活型组成以高位芽藤本种类为主,占藤本植物种数的81.51%。攀援方式中缠绕藤本具有明显优势,占藤本植物种数的53.99%,并提出了斜倚类藤本植物的概念。极高的降雨量、悬殊的海拔、多样的生境类型、广泛发育的各类原始阔叶林,是本区藤本植物极为丰富的根本原因。     

湖南德夯风景区藤本植物多样性研究

对德夯风景区藤本植物进行了调查,结果表明:本区有藤本植物249种(含变种),隶属于49科110属.科属的区系性质均以热带为主,分别占54.17%、60.91%.生活型以木质藤本为主,占68.67%.攀援类型分为4大类、9小类,其中缠绕类最多,占38.96%,卷曲类占27.31%,搭靠类占20.07%,吸固类最少,仅占13.66%.藤本植物按资源类型可分为药用植物、观赏植物、纤维植物、芳香植物、食用植物及其他,药用植物居多,而最具潜力的是观赏类植物.     

藤本植物适应生态学研究进展及存在问题

1　藤本植物的重要性　　藤本植物又称攀缘植物 ,是一类不能自由直立、通过主茎缠绕或攀缘器官攀缘它物升高的植物的总称 ,包括木质藤本和草质藤本两类。藤本植物是热带、亚热带森林重要的外貌和结构特征 ,常把森林冠层打结在一起形成特殊的层片结构[1～4] 。在南美热带森林中 ,在胸径大于 1 5～2 0ｃｍ的树木中有近一半的树冠上攀有藤本[5～ 7] ,森林下层植物中有 1 8%～ 2 2 %是藤本植物的幼藤[6] 。泰国[8] 和Ｇａｂｏｎ[9] 的热带森林的凋落物中藤本植物的叶占 32 %～ 36%。藤本植物也是热带森林种类多样性的重要组成部分。Ｇｅｎｔｒｙ…     

Desert vines: a comparison of Australia with other areas

Aim To characterize the Australian desert vine flora and to compare it with that of deserts in other continents. Location The Stony Deserts, the Simpson Desert and the four main deserts of Western Australia. Methods The Western Australian Herbarium data base and published papers were used to develop vine checklists for each Australian desert studied. A literature search was used to classify the families and genera into phytogeographical elements and to provide data for intercontinental comparisons. Results Thirty‐seven vine species are listed for the six Australian deserts studied. They constitute from 0.8 to 2.7% of the vascular flora, which is within the normal range for arid zone floras. Comparing Australian data with those from the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts (North America), for non‐vine taxa, very different phylogenetic lines are present. However, for vines, three of the four most important families are the same in each case, viz. Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae and Asclepiadaceae. This reflects large pantropical and cosmopolitan families shared between all three data sets. At the generic level, in Australia pantropical taxa and taxa from the Old World tropics far outnumber endemic ones, as do pantropical and neotropical genera in North America. Herbaceous vines predominate in Australian deserts as they do in North American ones, but nevertheless, the percentage of woody vines is higher in Australia (32%) than in North America (highest value of 24%). Earlier views that Australian deserts are rich in annual vines are not supported. Main conclusions For many life‐forms, the Australian flora is composed of very different phylogenetic lines to the floras of other continents. However, for desert vines, at the level of family and even of genus, there are surprising similarities between Australia and even a continent as distant as North America, because of shared pantropical and cosmopolitan taxa.     

湖南藤本植物胸径与其支柱木胸径的相关性

采用野外样株调查方法和11种数学方程与计算机软件SPSS13.0相结合的统计分析方法,对湖南藤本植物胸径大小与其支柱木的胸径大小之间的相关性进行了研究,其结果是:(1)全部藤本植物胸径大小与其支柱木胸径大小的比率是1:6.36,而缠绕、卷曲、搭靠和吸固各攀援方式的胸径大小与其支柱木的胸径大小的比率分别为1:5.61、1:4.92、1:5.89、1:15.46;其中吸固类藤本的支柱木胸径的平均值是最大的。(2)全部藤本植物胸径大小(y)与其支柱木胸径大小(x)的相关曲线是:y=-4.75×10-1 3.44×10-1x-1.13×10-2x2 1.61×10-4x3;缠绕类藤本植物胸径大小与其支柱木胸径大小的相关曲线是:y=2.68×10-1x0.829;卷曲类藤本植物胸径大小与其支柱木胸径大小的相关曲线有两条,分别是:y1=1.88×10-1x01.981,y2=e(1.93-12.222/x2);搭靠类藤本植物胸径大小与其支柱木胸径大小的相关曲线是:y=6.92-8.74×10-1x 4.95×10-2x2-7.45×10-4x3;吸固类藤本植物胸径大小与其支柱木胸径大小的相关曲线是:y=-1.16 3.64×10-1x-1.72×10-2x2 2.56×10-4x3。     

Vine species diversity across environmental gradients in northwestern México

The presence of vines has been described as a distinctive feature of tropical forests. However, vine species diversity exhibits trends across environmental gradients that are not well documented. Here we use a latitudinal and a rainfall gradient along the Pacific slope of México to explore the influence of environmental factors on vine species diversity. A total of 630 vines species were detected on the Pacific slope of México. Tropical deciduous forest (TDF) floras were composed of greater percentages of vines (5–16%) than desert floras (1–3%). Four families (Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Asclepiadaceae) composed 40–60% of the vines of the region. Changes in vine composition were gradual along the Pacific slope. The percentage of vines in floras declines with latitude. Annual rainfall and the minimum temperature of January were significantly associated with the latitudinal decline in the percentage of vines. A total of 43 species, mostly herbaceous vines, were detected along a rainfall gradient in northwestern México. Along the rainfall gradient, the number of vine species increased from 3 to 28 as summer rainfall, plant cover and canopy stature increased. Vine species richness and diversity increased from the desert to the TDF, especially along streams. Leaf area (LA) ranged from 0.6 to 284cm² and specific leaf area (SLA) from 80 to 904cm²/g among the most common vine species. Community averages of LA and SLA decreased toward drier sites. These results are discussed within the context of our current knowledge about the role of the environment in limiting the distribution of vines.     

Distribution and abundance of vines along the light gradient in a southern temperate rain forest

Question: Are vines light‐demanding species? Location: Temperate evergreen rain forest of southern Chile (40°39′S, 72°11′W). Methods: In 45 plots of 25 m² distributed in treefall canopy gaps, secondary forest stands and old‐growth forest (15 plots per light environment), all climbing and non‐supported vines were counted and identified to species level, and canopy openness was quantified using hemispherical photographs. Vine abundance and diversity (species richness and Simpson's index) were compared in the three light environments and similarity between vine communities was estimated using Jaccard's similarity coefficient. We also determined the relationship between light niche breadth and local dominance at the species level. Results: In total there were 2510 vine individuals of 14 species. Canopy openness was significantly different in the three light environments. Species richness, diversity, community composition and density of vines were similar in treefall gaps, secondary and old‐growth forest. Of the seven more common vine species, which accounted for 91% of all vines, three had even distribution, two were more abundant in the shaded understorey, and two had higher density in well‐lit sites. Local dominance of vine species and niche breadth were not significantly associated. Conclusions: Our study in a temperate rain forest questions the widespread notion of vines as pioneer‐like species, which may be a consequence of the abundance of some lianas in disturbed sites of tropical forests. Functional arguments are needed to justify a general hypothesis on light requirements of vines, which constitute a vast group of species.     

Do vine species in neotropical forests see the forest or the trees?

Questions: Is the occurrence of vine species in neotropical rain forests primarily determined by properties of the forest (environmental factors), by properties of the trees (tree species or tree size) or are vines randomly distributed? Location: Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala. Methods: In five 1‐ha plots that span variation from unlogged forest to forest impacted by recurrent human disturbance we recorded the presence of all climbing vine species on every tree. The presence of all free standing vine species and 11 environmental variables were recorded in 100‐m² subplots. The relationship of host tree diameter and host tree identity on single tree vine species richness was investigated by GLM modelling. Partial redundancy analyses were used to partition the variation in vine species composition on two sources: environmental factors and tree species identity. Results: Single tree vine richness increased with increasing host tree DBH and differed significantly among host species. For climbing vines, the ratio of variation in subplot presence explained by tree species and by environmental variables was ca. 4:1 (in the most disturbed logged plots slightly lower), for free standing vines this ratio varied from 1:2 in the most disturbed logged plots to 9:1 in reserve plots, while a ratio of ca. 1:1 was found for all plots analysed together. Conclusion: Different tree species have different probabilities of being infested by vines. Vines see both the forest and the trees; the environment is more important in earlier developmental stages, properties of individual trees become more important from the time vines start to climb.     

中国主要森林群落植物生活型谱的数量分类及空间分布格局的研究

采用Ｃ．Ｒａｕｎｋｉａｅｒ的生活型分类系统,对我国主要森林群落的生活谱资料进行整理,编制了全国划分标准统一的植被生活型谱,并应用聚类分析方法,对植物生活型谱进行数量分类,在此基础生态信息系统（ＧＲＥＥＮ）和地理信息系统（ＩＤＲＩＳＩ）等现代信息处理技术,定义各谱系的生态气候适应参数区间,模拟并图象显示各类植物生活型谱在地理空间上的分布格局,通过聚类分析,将我国主要木 落的植物生活型谱划分了１１种类     

Habitat avoidance of an introduced weed by native lizards

Abstract: Rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) is an environmental weed that frequently invades riparian habitats in northern Australia. I examined the habitat use of lizards in riparian and woodland environments comprised of native and rubber vine vegetation. Rubber vine was a major component of vegetation in the riparian habitat (approximately 40%), but only a minor component of woodland habitat (approximately 5%). Of 132 lizards, none were observed using rubber vine vegetation in riparian habitats, significantly less than expected, and only one lizard was observed in rubber vine vegetation in the woodland habitat. As rubber vine vegetation contains features that superficially resemble native habitat used by lizards, such as leaf litter, the avoidance of rubber vine by lizards suggests that rubber vine has underlying characteristics that create a suboptimal environment for lizards.