药物配合针灸治疗顽固性面瘫的临床分析

目的观察顽固性面瘫的药物治疗及药物配合针灸治疗的效果。方法将200例患者随机分为对照组100例给予药物治疗,治疗组100例给予药物加针灸治疗,并观察比较两组的疗效。结果治疗3个疗程后,对照组有效41例,治疗组有效49例,两组有效率经统计学处理差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论药物配合针灸治疗顽固性面瘫的疗效显著。     

癌性疼痛患者药物止痛治疗依从性调查

目的 了解癌性疼痛患者对药物治疗依从性情况,为规范三阶梯止痛治疗提供指导.方法 采用调查研究方法,应用自制的调查问卷方式对178例癌性疼痛患者药物治疗的遵医行为进行调查,并分析影响其行为的因素.结果 178例癌性疼痛患者均不能正确遵医嘱进行治疗,主要是对药物止痛治疗知识缺乏,如恐惧药物依赖成瘾、担心药物影响肿瘤治疗、害怕药物不良反应,其次是对医护人员不信任及经济问题等.结论 癌性疼痛患者药物止痛治疗依从性有待提高,需医务人员关心体贴患者,加强止痛药物知识的宣教,消除患者的依赖成瘾恐惧感,及时处理药物不良反应;家庭及社会提供经济支持.     

基于组合药物网络的疾病关联性分析

组合药物在复杂疾病的治疗中形成了多靶点,多环节上的密切联系,对疾病的治疗效果也可达到单种药物治疗意想不到的效果。组合药物中各单药功能各异但联用后治疗效果更佳,说明所对应疾病之间可能存在某种关系。通过研究疾病间关联关系,可能会发现治疗某种疾病的新靶标,从而在新药的研发中取得新的进展。本文以DCDB(组合药物数据库)中的药物组合为数据源构建组合药物网络,并通过网络聚类算法得到了33个独立且内部联系紧密的药物模块。其中7组药物模块所包含的组合药物用于治疗两种或两种以上疾病,说明这些疾病之间存在一定的关联关系。对这些关系进行论证,结果表明,组合药物网络是发现疾病关联关系的一种有效手段。     

布比卡因局部阻滞治疗输尿管结石所致肾绞痛60 例的临床观察

目的:比较药物治疗与布比卡因局部阻滞治疗输尿管上段结石所致的肾绞痛的临床疗效。方法:选择输尿管结石患者共120例。随机分成药物治疗组(M组)与局部阻滞组(B组)各60例,其中药物治疗组采用杜冷丁加阿托品治疗,局部阻滞组采用布比卡因行痛区局部阻滞,两组年龄、性别均无统计学差异,比较两组患者治疗的总有效率、不良反应、镇痛起效时间、缓解时间等疗效指标。结果:局部阻滞组治疗的总有效率大于药物治疗组,不良反应也比药物治疗组少。疼痛起效时间及缓解时间,局部阻滞组均明显短于药物治疗组。结论:布比卡因局部阻滞治疗输尿管上段结石所致的肾绞痛临床疗效明显优于以杜冷丁加阿托品为代表的药物治疗。     

放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用

放射性药物指供临床诊断或治疗用的放射性核素制剂或其标记化合物。放射性核素靶向治疗是利用对肿瘤细胞具有特异高亲和力的分子载体将核素定向导入特定的肿瘤组织,对肿瘤进行治疗。与传统的放疗和化疗相比,其具有选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞的特点。随着核医学的发展,SPECT/CT、PET/CT的普及,新靶点的发现和新型放射性药物的研发,利用放射性药物进行靶向治疗在肿瘤临床治疗中占据的地位越来越重要。本文简述了放射性药物的分类、组成及特点;综述了针对肿瘤相关抗原的放射免疫药物在非霍奇金淋巴瘤、结直肠癌和前列腺癌中的应用;受体介导的放射性核素药物在治疗神经内分泌肿瘤、前列腺癌和乳腺癌中的临床应用以及基于基因修饰的放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的实验研究进展。最后总结了放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用前景与面临的挑战,以期为靶向治疗肿瘤的放射性药物的开发和临床应用提供一些参考。     

肝细胞癌靶向治疗最新研究进展

近年来,随着肝细胞癌基础研究不断深入,分子靶向药物及免疫治疗药物的临床开发及应用为肝细胞癌的治疗带来了新的突破。肝细胞癌的靶向治疗药物具有较高的特异性,能够选择性地杀伤肿瘤细胞,尽可能减少对正常组织的损伤。目前,这些靶向治疗药物主要分为小分子靶向药物、肝细胞癌抗原特异性靶向药物和免疫检验点靶向药物3类。现就肝细胞癌靶向治疗药物的最新研究进展作简要综述。     

单克隆抗体药物与血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗

单克隆抗体凭借其特异性强、副作用较小的优点,越来越广泛地应用于疾病的诊断与治疗。单克隆抗体药物在血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗中也发挥了重要作用。目前,经美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的单克隆抗体药物已有六种,在临床取得良好的治疗效果。单克隆抗体药物主要通过对肿瘤细胞的直接杀伤作用、抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性反应(ADCC)、补体依赖性细胞毒性反应(CDC)和改变信号通路等机制达到治疗肿瘤的效果。另外,将单克隆抗体与放射性核素、化疗药物和毒素等偶联,用于肿瘤等疾病的靶向治疗研究,成为生物治疗领域的热点。该文对近年来国际上用于血液系统恶性肿瘤治疗的单克隆抗体药物进行了概括和总结,讨论了治疗性单克隆抗体药物存在的问题和应用前景。     

肿瘤类器官在药物筛选和个性化用药中的研究进展*

恶性肿瘤是影响人类生命健康的重大疾病之一,药物治疗是常见的治疗手段。近年来,“精准治疗”已经成为肿瘤治疗的趋势。要实现对恶性肿瘤有效、精准的药物治疗,药物筛选模型至关重要。肿瘤类器官是近年来新兴的一种三维细胞模型,具有经长期传代还保留亲本肿瘤的特征和异质性、培养成功率高、周期短和能够高通量筛选药物等优点,已被用于药物筛选、预测患者对治疗的反应以及为个性化用药提供指导等。重点介绍了肿瘤类器官在药物筛选及个性化用药中的研究进展和面临的挑战。     

核酸药物的研究与应用

核酸药物是具有特定碱基序列的药物,包括寡聚核苷酸药物、核酸适配体药物和核酸疫苗。目前核酸药物已被广泛用于基础研究,疾病的临床诊断和治疗,如肿瘤、感染性疾病、血液病及神经退行性疾病等。主要介绍核酸药物在疾病诊断和治疗中的研究进展。     

阿仑膦酸钠联合阿法骨化醇对预防全髋关节置换术后患者骨矿物质流失的疗效

目的：探讨初次行全髋关节置换术后使用阿仑膦酸钠单一用药或阿仑膦酸钠与阿法骨化醇联合用药对患者假体周围骨矿物 质流失的疗效。方法：将60 名患者按照随机数字表法分为阿仑膦酸钠单一药物治疗组（n=18）、阿仑膦酸钠和阿法骨化醇联合治 疗组（n=20）和无药物治疗组（n=22）。术后1、12、24 和48 周,对患者假体周围骨矿物质密度（BMD）和生化标志物进行检测,比较 检测区域测量值的变化。结果：单个测量周期中,单一药物治疗组和联合药物治疗组在股骨矩区域的BMD 均高于无药物治疗组 （P＜0.01）。单一药物治疗组和联合药物治疗组尿Ⅰ型胶原N端肽的血浆浓度与骨碱性磷酸酶浓度显著低于无药物治疗组（P＜ 0.01）。结论：单一药物治疗和联合治疗能显著预防假体周围的骨矿物质流失,尤其对预防股骨矩位置的骨矿物质流失效果显著。     

An Improved Computational Prediction Model for Lysine Succinylation Sites Mapping on Homo sapiens by Fusing Three Sequence Encoding Schemes with the Random Forest Classifier

Background Lysine succinylation is one of the reversible protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), which regulate the structure and function of proteins. It plays a significant role in various cellular physiologies including some diseases of human as well as many other organisms. The accurate identification of succinylation site is essential to understand the various biological functions and drug development.Methods In this study, we developed an improved method to predict lysine succinylation sites mapping on Homo sapiens by the fusion of three encoding schemes such as binary, the composition of k-spaced amino acid pairs (CKSAAP) and amino acid composition (AAC) with the random forest (RF) classifier. The prediction performance of the proposed random forest (RF) based on the fusion model in a comparison of other candidates was investigated by using 20-fold cross-validation (CV) and two independent test datasets were collected from two different sources.Results The CV results showed that the proposed predictor achieves the highest scores of sensitivity (SN) as 0.800, specificity (SP) as 0.902, accuracy (ACC) as 0.919, Mathew correlation coefficient (MCC) as 0.766 and partial AUC (pAUC) as 0.163 at a false-positive rate (FPR) = 0.10 and area under the ROC curve (AUC) as 0.958. It achieved the highest performance scores of SN as 0.811, SP as 0.902, ACC as 0.891, MCC as 0.629 and pAUC as 0.139 and AUC as 0.921 for the independent test protein set-1 and SN as 0.772, SP as 0.901, ACC as 0.836, MCC as 0.677 and pAUC as 0.141 at FPR = 0.10 and AUC as 0.923 for the independent test protein set-2. It also outperformed all the other existing prediction models.Conclusion The prediction performances as discussed in this article recommend that the proposed method might be a useful and encouraging computational resource for lysine succinylation site prediction in the case of human population.     

Genetic networks regulated by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 in leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana: KNOX genes control five morphological events

The asymmetric leaves 1 ( as1 ) and as2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes. Expression of a number of genes, including three class-1 KNOTTED -like homeobox ( KNOX ) genes ( BP , KNAT2 and KNAT6 ) and ETTIN / ARF3 , is enhanced in these mutants. In the present study, we attempted to identify the phenotypic features of as1 and as2 mutants that were generated by ectopic expression of KNOX genes, using multiple loss-of-function mutations of KNOX genes as well as as1 and as2 . Our results revealed that the ectopic expression of class-1 KNOX genes resulted in reductions in the sizes of leaves, reductions in the size of sepals and petals, the formation of a less prominent midvein, the repression of adventitious root formation and late flowering. Our results also revealed that the reduction in leaf size and late flowering were caused by the repression, by KNOX genes, of a gibberellin (GA) pathway in as1 and as2 plants. The formation of a less prominent midvein and the repression of adventitious root formation were not, however, related to the GA pathway. The asymmetric formation of leaf lobes, the lower complexity of higher-ordered veins, and the elevated frequency of adventitious shoot formation on leaves of as1 and as2 plants were not rescued by multiple mutations in KNOX genes. These features must, therefore, be controlled by other genes in which expression is enhanced in the as1 and as2 mutants.     

SLX4: multitasking to maintain genome stability

The SLX4/FANCP tumor suppressor has emerged as a key player in the maintenance of genome stability, making pivotal contributions to the repair of interstrand cross-links, homologous recombination, and in response to replication stress genome-wide as well as at specific loci such as common fragile sites and telomeres. SLX4 does so in part by acting as a scaffold that controls and coordinates the XPF–ERCC1, MUS81–EME1, and SLX1 structure-specific endonucleases in different DNA repair and recombination mechanisms. It also interacts with other important DNA repair and cell cycle control factors including MSH2, PLK1, TRF2, and TOPBP1 as well as with ubiquitin and SUMO. This review aims at providing an up-to-date and comprehensive view on the key functions that SLX4 fulfills to maintain genome stability as well as to highlight and discuss areas of uncertainty and emerging concepts.     

健康仔猪肠道乳杆菌黑龙江地方株的鉴定与种属分析

为了从健康仔猪肠道中分离筛选用于研制微生态制剂的乳酸杆菌菌株,选择黑龙江省大庆、哈尔滨及宝泉岭地区部分猪场,采集12-60日龄健康仔猪肠道粪样64份。选用MRS乳酸杆菌专用培养基分离培养乳酸杆菌,通过分离株的形态特征和培养特性筛选出革兰阳性,厌氧,无芽胞杆菌48株。再通过生化试验鉴定和PCR种属分析,确定18株为乳酸杆菌。其中,罗伊乳杆菌7株,嗜酸乳杆菌5株,约氏乳杆菌2株,短乳杆菌1株,干酪乳杆菌假植物亚种1株,植物乳杆菌1株,詹氏乳杆菌1株。     

ROS and oncogenesis with special reference to EMT and stemness

Elevation of the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) has immense implication in the biological system. On the one hand, ROS promote the signaling cascades for the maintenance of normal physiological functions, the phenomenon referred to as redox biology, and on the other hand increased ROS can cause damages to the cellular macromolecules as well as genetic material, the process known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress acts as an etiological factor for wide varieties of pathologies, cancer being one of them. ROS is regarded as a “double-edged sword” with respect to oncogenesis. It can suppress as well as promote the malignant progression depending on the type of signaling pathway it uses. Moreover, the attribution of ROS in promoting phenotypic plasticity as well as acquisition of stemness during neoplasia has become a wide area of research. The current review discussed all the aspects of ROS in the perspective of tumor biology with special reference to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells.     

Splenic lesions: FNA findings in 48 cases

OBJECTIVE: To study fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytological findings of splenic lesions and assess the role of FNA in the diagnosis of splenomegaly or splenic tumours. METHODS: This study consisted of 48 cases, 25 males and 23 females. The ages ranged between 3 and 71 years. Most of these cases were aspirated under ultrasonographic guidance and a small number were also aspirated directly by using a 22- to 23-gauge needles. The smears were stained with Wright-Giemsa and Papanicolaou methods. Special stains were used whenever necessary. RESULTS: In this study 14 cases were diagnosed as lymphoma-leukaemia, 7 cases as tuberculosis, 12 cases as kala-azar, 2 cases as hydatid cyst, 3 cases as storage diseases, 3 cases as simple cyst, 2 cases as myeloproliferative disorders, 2 cases as malignant tumours and 3 cases as hamartomas (these were wrongly diagnosed as malignant tumours). CONCLUSION: Splenic aspiration is a safe procedure and is very useful in the diagnosis of parasitic and infectious diseases, especially in endemic countries like Iran.     

Get a grip: Podosomes as potential players in phagocytosis

Podosomes have been known for several decades as micron-sized, F-actin-rich structures that play a pivotal role in cell migration and invasion, as they are able to mediate both cell-matrix attachment as well as extracellular matrix degradation. Particularly in monocytic cells, podosomes have been shown to fulfill a variety of additional functions such as sensing of substrate rigidity and topography, or cell-cell fusion. Increasing evidence now points to the involvement of podosome-like structures also during phagocytosis by immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils. Here, we compare the different cell models and experimental set ups where “phagocytic podosomes” have been described. We also discuss the composition and architecture of these structures, their potential involvement in mechanosensing and particle disruption, as well as the pros and cons for addressing them as bona fide podosomes.     

CDR1as regulated by hnRNPM maintains stemness of periodontal ligament stem cells via miR-7/KLF4

CDR1as is a well-identified circular RNA with regulatory roles in a variety of physiological processes. However, the effects of CDR1as on stemness of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we detect CDR1as in human PDLSCs, and subsequently demonstrate that CDR1as maintains PDLSC stemness. Knockdown of CDR1as decreases the expression levels of stemness-related genes and impairs the cell's multi-differentiation and cell migration abilities, while overexpression of CDR1as increases the expression levels of stemness-related genes and enhances these abilities. Furthermore, our results indicate that the RNA-binding protein hnRNPM directly interacts with CDR1as and regulates its expression in PDLSCs. In addition, we show that CDR1as promotes the expression of stemness-related genes in PDLSCs by inhibiting miR-7-mediated suppression of KLF4 expression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CDR1as participates in the molecular circuitry that regulates PDLSC stemness.