三江平原湿地同江地区水域夏季浮游植物群落结构特征

2012年6月对三江平原湿地同江地区水域浮游植物群落结构进行了初步研究。设置了13个采样点,生境类型包括大型开阔水体、小型封闭水体、湿地型水体以及河流型水体。结果在该水域发现浮游植物共计312个分类单位,包括276种33变种3变型,隶属于8门10纲21目36科92属。浮游植物细胞密度变化范围为2.68×104–2.53×106 cells·L–1。大型开阔水体种类丰富,细胞密度最大,以绿藻为优势种群;小型封闭水体中藻类的适应性强,群落结构最为复杂;湿地型水体受人为活动影响较大,发现了一些耐有机污染的种类;在河流型水体中,有一些适低温的隐藻出现并成为优势种,如啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)等。此外,在三江平原湿地同江地区还发现了大量β-中污染指示种类。经聚类和多维尺度分析,将不同采样点各生境水体的浮游植物群落分为4组。综合多样性指数表明,同江地区水域浮游植物群落结构较丰富且稳定性较好。     

万峰湖浮游植物群落的时空分布

于2009年9月(夏季)和2010年1月(冬季)对万峰湖(水库)的浮游植物群落结构时空分布特征进行研究.在万峰湖共监测到浮游植物49种,其中夏季水库表层(0-10 m)浮游植物优势种为蓝藻门中的拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis rackiborskii),底层为硅藻门中肘状针杆藻(Synedra ulna)和梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana);在冬季以硅藻门中的小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)和梅尼小环藻为主.夏季,浮游植物表层丰度为13.0×104～54.6×104 cells·L-1,野鸭滩(S2)最高,而以坝艾(S4)浮游植物丰度最低;浮游植物主要集中在表层(0～10 m),以蓝藻组成为主,蓝藻丰度百分数在大坝(S1)最高,达到90.3%,香浓多样性指数夏季高于冬季,夏季表层均匀度指数最低.冬季,浮游植物丰度为17.43×104～25.28×104 cells·L-1,浮游植物主要集中在表层(0～10 m)和中层(10～50 m),水体的各层硅藻所占比例均在90%以上.从浮游植物群落结构和丰度看,万峰湖处于中营养状态,冬季水质好于夏季.夏冬两季浮游植物丰度与水体的温度及水深都表现出了较强的相关关系.     

上海公园水体夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的关系

为了解公园水体浮游植物群落状况,分析浮游植物物种分布和环境因子之间的关系,揭示浮游植物物种对生态环境的需求,于2008年7月和9月对上海市11个公园水体浮游植物群落进行了调查,对获得的浮游植物数据和环境因子数据进行典范相关分析(CCA),并绘制了物种与环境因子关系的二维排序图。结果表明：调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物384种,隶属于8门,浮游植物密度范围为2.01×10⁵～57.60×10⁵ cells·L^-1;群落组成以蓝藻、裸藻、硅藻和绿藻为主,主要优势种有细微颤藻、无常蓝纤维藻、尾裸藻、颗粒直链藻、梅尼小环藻、普通小球藻、四尾栅藻等;7月影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子依次为铵态氮、溶解氧、水温和总磷,而9月的pH值、水温、溶解氧、透明度和总氮含量对浮游植物的分布产生影响较大;其中,透明度和浮游动物量是影响隐藻、甲藻和硅藻藻类生物量的主要环境因子,而蓝藻、裸藻、绿藻主要受水体氮磷营养盐浓度和溶解氧的影响。     

深圳红树林湿地浮游植物多样性的组成与分布

根据深圳福田红树林湿地的浮游植物周年调查资料,分析浮游植物群落多样性的组成与时空分布特征,并利用浮游植物群落多样性指数对湿地水体的营养状态进行评价。共记录浮游植物5门28属51种,各季度浮游植物数量均超过10.6 ind·L^-1。硅藻分布广泛,在种类和数量上均占主导地位,优势种为微小小环藻（Cyclotella caspia）和诺氏海链藻（Thalassiosira nordenskiöldi）等,耐受污染的藻类,如小颤藻（Oscillatoria minima）、鱼形裸藻（Euglena pisciformis）在夏秋2季成为个别站位的优势种。浮游植物种类组成时空变化明显,而数量的空间变化较大、季节变化不大,优势种的时空变化明显,但种类单一,多样性指数的空间变化较大。群落多样性指数评价结果显示,深圳红树林湿地处于中-富营养化状态,有向富营养化过渡的趋势,应加强对内陆径流和污水排放进入红树林湿地的严格控制和管理。     

长湖浮游植物优势种生态位特征及种间联结性分析

为了解生态调控后的浮游植物群落稳定性和优势种种间联结性,于2020年10月—2021年7月按季节对湖北长湖浮游植物群落进行调查。运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、方差比率法、卡方检验、Pearson相关性检验和Spearman相关性检验的方法对浮游植物优势种间的相互关系进行综合分析。结果显示：四季共鉴定出浮游植物8门、67属、78种;优势种19种。长湖属于绿藻+蓝藻+硅藻为主的水体。其中,梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)和四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)为四季共有优势种,对水环境有较好的指示作用,显示长湖水体处于中度富营养化状态。根据优势度和生态位宽度的结果,19个优势种可以划分为4个类群。生态位重叠值的变化范围为0.02—0.96,季节差异明显,秋季>冬季>春季>夏季。方差比率的结果显示秋季和冬季浮游植物优势种间总体呈现显著正联结,群落较稳定;春夏季节优势种间总体呈现不显著负联结,群落处于波动状态。卡方检验、Pearson相关性检验和Spearman相关性检验结果综合显示：优势种对间联结性的显著率较低,群落种间联结不...     

苏州河浮游植物群落恢复的生境条件研究

于2005年4月至2006年5月期间对苏州河浮游植物群落及理化因子进行研究,分析了苏州河浮游植物现状及水质现状,并分析两者之间的关系,得出水温、总磷、总氮、COD_cr等理化因子对浮游植物群落有显著影响,且其影响均存在临界值,分别为水温15℃、总磷0.6mg·L^-1、总氮10mg·L^-1、COD_cr20mg·L^-1.即在苏州河的浮游植物群落恢复中,当理化因子小于其相对浮游植物群落的临界值时,小球藻的出现频率低、密度百分比低,梅尼小环藻出现频率高、密度百分比高;而当理化因子大于其相对浮游植物群落的临界值时,小球藻的出现频率高,密度百分比高,梅尼小环藻出现频率低,密度百分比低.因此在对苏州河进行生态恢复时,应考虑到各理化因子对浮游植物影响的临界值,综合权衡各方面因素,确定水质恢复应达到的目标.     

大通湖浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子关系

2008年12月至2009年10月按季度对养殖湖泊大通湖浮游植物群落结构及与环境因子关系进行了初步研究,并通过与1960年数据的纵向比较,探讨了集约化养殖对大通湖水域环境的影响,为其渔业可持续发展提供理论依据.调查期间,共发现浮游植物98种,隶属于7门54属.优势种类包括二角多甲藻、尖尾蓝隐藻、小球藻、卵形隐藻、梅尼小环藻、啮蚀隐藻、卷曲鱼腥藻、铜绿微囊藻和固氮鱼腥藻,优势种的季节更替明显.浮游植物细胞密度的年平均值为1.84×106 cells·L-1,其中夏季最高,为16.4×106 cells·L-1,其他3个季度在1.71×106 ～ 1.98×106 cells·L-1.浮游植物丰富度指数(D)全年在2.01 ～4.55,Shannon多样性指数(H)在1.26 ～2.69,均匀度指数(J)在0.69～1.27.典范对应分析表明,水深、水温、透明度、总磷、氧化还原电位、电导率是影响大通湖浮游植物群落结构的主要因子.     

海珠国家湿地公园浮游植物群落结构时空变化

浮游植物是湿地生态系统的重要组成成分,其数量及群落结构变化会对湿地生态系统的结构和功能产生重要影响。为了解海珠国家湿地公园浮游植物群落结构及时空动态变化特征,于2017年冬、2018年夏两季分别进行了调查。结果表明:海珠国家湿地公园共检到浮游植物171种,隶属7门64属,其中绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门种类分别占总种类的44%、26%和13%;广州平裂藻(Merismopedia cantonensis)和细小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima)在两季均为优势种,冬季啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)也较多;浮游植物群落结构、丰度与生物多样性指数具有明显季节变化,冬季硅藻和绿藻占优,分别占藻类总丰度的32%和29%;夏季蓝藻占绝对优势,占68%;夏季浮游植物平均丰度达(25.58±18.47)×10^6cells·L^-1,约为冬季的3倍;Shannon物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数冬季分别为4.38和0.77,夏季分别为2.92和0.51;从空间上看,海珠湖浮游植物种类、多样性指数均较低,而丰度较高;塘涌和西江涌硅藻丰度最大,其他位点均以蓝藻占优;水体总氮和温度是影响浮游植物群落结构变化的重要因素。本研究可为海珠国家湿地公园的管理和保护提供参考。     

三江平原湿地——虎林地区夏季浮游植物群落结构特征

对三江平原湿地虎林地区水域的浮游植物群落结构进行了初步研究。在采集区域设置10个采样点,经鉴定共有133个浮游植物分类单位,隶属于8门10纲16目27科48属。该地区浮游植物群落组成以硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)、绿藻门(Chlorophyta)为主。各采样点浮游植物种类组成及细胞密度差异显著,采样点Ⅸ的浮游植物种类最丰富,采样点Ⅱ的浮游植物细胞密度最大。在三江平原湿地虎林地区发现了大量的β-中污指示种,经聚类和多维尺度分析评价,初步推断三江平原湿地虎林地区水域受到一定污染,呈中营养状态。     

稻虾共作水体浮游植物群落结构特征分析

为认识稻虾共作水体浮游植物群落结构特征, 于2016年4月至12月对江汉平原4处稻虾共作水体浮游植物和理化因子开展了逐月调查与分析。共鉴定出浮游植物7门124种, 其中绿藻78种、蓝藻16种、硅藻15种、裸藻3种、隐藻2种、甲藻7种、金藻3种。6—9月浮游植物的种类数、细胞密度、叶绿素a含量达到最大值, 最小值出现在12月份; 浮游植物细胞密度波动范围在1.37×105—2.93×108 cells/L, 叶绿素a含量的变化范围为0.15—208.60 μg/L。调查期间浮游植物的优势种共28种, 主要优势种有颤藻、蓝纤维藻、微囊藻、小球藻、隐藻等。浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数周年变化范围为0.64—6.3, 多样性指数最高出现在10月份, 最低出现在8月份。结果显示, 稻虾共作水体浮游植物群落结构较复杂, 细胞密度变化显示时空的一致性, 优势种组成以及优势度存在明显的空间差异(P<0.05), 稻田的浅水环境以及小龙虾的养殖行为显著影响浮游植物群落的结构。鉴于藻类作为初级生产者对于水生态环境和小龙虾健康具有重要作用, 关注种养结合水体中藻类群落的演变规律对于保障稻田种养的综合效益具有积极意义。     

The effects of the flood cycle on the diversity and composition of the phytoplankton community of a seasonally flooded Ramsar wetland in Bangladesh

Freshwater wetlands in Bangladesh are strongly influenced by the monsoons and the annual flood cycle has measurable impacts on the abiotic and biotic components of these ecosystems. The northeastern Haor Basin of Bangladesh is particularly rich in seasonally flooded freshwater wetlands that support a wide diversity of flora and fauna. These wetlands are of great importance to the local economy due to the abundance of rich floodplain fisheries. Little is known about the phytoplankton communities of these wetlands that are known to be linked with zooplankton and fish productivity. We investigated the seasonal variation in the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton assemblages in Tanguar Haor, a Ramsar wetland in northeastern Bangladesh during the period of inundation (June–December). A total of 107 genera of phytoplankton representing five classes were recorded. Blooms of Microcystis dominated the phytoplankton community throughout the study period but were particularly acute during the early part of the high water period. Among the Bacillariophyceae, Melosira was the most dominant, reaching bloom proportions early in the high water period. Factor analysis of physicochemical variables separated the flood cycle into four distinct periods: early high water, mid high water, late high water and low water periods. Phase of the flood cycle, nutrient availability, the physicochemical variables combined with the dominance of Microcystis seemed to be important in controlling the abundance, diversity and dynamics of the phytoplankton genera. The abundance of genera of desmids and some Bacillariophyceae is indicative of the relatively unpolluted conditions of Tanguar Haor.     

Biodiversity and water quality variations in constructed wetland of Yongding River system

This research was carried on in constructed wetlands of Guan-Ting Reservoir, Beijing, China, from 2004 to 2005. The phytoplankon community was composed of 8 divisions (94 species, including genus and varieties) and the average cell density was 980.93× 10⁴ cells per liter. The dominant divisions were Chlorophyta (36.8%), Bacillariophyta (31.0%) and Cyanophyta (23.4%). The removal rate of phytoplankton density was 72.7%. There was a positive linear correlation between phytoplankon density and total phosphorus. Here, 7 families (13 species) of aquatic vasular plants were found, which constituted emerging and submerging macrophyte communities. In the wetland system, the zooplankton community consisted of Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda (70 species). The average density was 4883 individuals per liter. Protozoan and Rotifera were the dominant groups and the removal rate of their density was 81.9%. The correlation between zooplankton and phytoplankton presented a quadratic curve. Also, the zoobenthos community contained Olisochaeta, Uniramia, Crustacea and Mollusca (15 species). The average density was 5670 individuals per m² (62.3% was Uniramia) and the removal rate of their density was 92.4 %. The wetland system reduced COD_Mn, BOD₅, TN, NH_3-N, NO_3-N, TP (total phosphor), PO_4-P and SS in the water of Yong Ding River at 52.9%–99.1%.     

安徽菜子湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫区系分析及多样性研究

在2012年-2013年期间对菜子湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫多样性进行调查,在不同生境、月份对该湿地的鞘翅目昆虫种类及数量进行了统计,对采集的物种进行编目,并采用Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、MargMef丰富度指数对其群落多样性进行分析。结果表明：菜子湖湿地共有鞘翅目昆虫种类139种,分别隶属于29科114属,其中安徽新记录种7种。区系分析表明该湿地东洋古北共有种占优势,东洋种次之,古北种最少,其所占比例分别为62．59％、27．34％、10．07％。鞘翅目昆虫多样性分析结果显示：不同生境多样性指数高低顺序为草丛一灌木区〉农田区〉滩涂一草丛;不同月份多样性指数高低顺序为5月、7月、61月和8月。多样性、均匀性及丰富度的相关分析说明：菜子湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫多样性指数与丰富度、均匀度指数呈正相关,表明该湿地鞘翅目昆虫群落较稳定。     

Midsummer zooplankton assemblages in four types of wetlands in the Upper Midwest,USA

The objective of this study was to characterize the zooplankton and phytoplankton assemblages of four different types of wetlands and to evaluate their use as environmental indicators. Total abundances, community composition, and species diversity were evaluated for zooplankton and phytoplankton assemblages from 24 wetlands and related to water quality variables. During August 1995, six representative sites were sampled from four types of wetlands designated as constructed, impacted, non-impacted, or temporary. The plankton assemblages of all wetlands were dominated by cosmopolitan crustacean, rotifer, and phytoplankton taxa typical of lake plankton communities. Species diversity, richness, and evenness of zooplankton and phytoplankton assemblages did not differ significantly among the wetland types. Total zooplankton abundance was significantly (p < 0.01) related to chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations over the range of trophic conditions. Mean zooplankton densities and phytoplankton biovolumes were similar among the wetlands, however, the relative abundances of major zooplankton groups differed among the wetland types. Cyanophytes, primarily Oscillatoria spp., were a major component of the phytoplankton across all four wetland types, and were significantly more abundant within the constructed and temporary sites. On average, rotifers accounted for 79% of total zooplankton abundance within the constructed wetlands and were much less dominant in the non-impacted and temporary wetlands. Cladoceran, copepodite, and adult copepod concentrations were low in the constructed and impacted wetlands and increased in the non-impacted and temporary wetlands in conjunction with increased chlorophytes and cryptophytes. Our preliminary survey suggests that abiotic factors which are known to directly affect phytoplankton may indirectly affect zooplankton composition in such a way as to use zooplankton assemblages as indicators of water quality. However, further study incorporating seasonal dynamics and the influence of predators on zooplankton assemblages is needed to fully assess the use of zooplankton community composition as an environmental indicator for wetland systems. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Relationship between the spatial scale and biotic variability in a wetland ecotone

We studied potential effects of the expansion of a wetland ecotone on phytoplankton communities. The expansion of ecotone width and emergence of a mosaic of habitats are expected outcomes of a reduction of carp numbers and a consequent managed vegetation recovery. Specifically, we investigated the effects of decreasing size of open water cells on species richness, abundance and diversity. In a set of experimental enclosures of four different sizes we sampled phytoplankton weekly during 1991. The phytoplankton communities showed similar patterns of seasonal change but no clear differences in species abundance or richness that could be attributed to the system size. Notably, however, the magnitude of variation in the community structure metrics responded strongly to the enclosure size. This indicates that the importance of scale may not be fully appreciated when analyzed in the light of standard community measures. We tentatively conclude that the variation in species composition, individual responses, richness, and abundance may result in an increasing diversification of the wetland ecotone as the recovery of vegetation advances.     

安徽沱湖夏季浮游植物群落结构特征与环境因子关系

为了揭示沱湖浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水环境因子的关系,于2016年7月(夏季),对沱湖流域上游至下游11个采样点浮游植物种类组成、细胞丰度、生物量等进行调查研究。结果显示,沱湖共有浮游植物96种(含变种),隶属8门48属,其中绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)种类最多,绿藻门有23属39种,占总种数的40.63%,硅藻门有7属20种,占总种数的20.83%;其次为裸藻门(Euglenophyta),有5属17种,占总种数的17.71%,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta) 8属14种,占14.58%;甲藻门(Pyrrophyta) 2属2种,隐藻门(Cryptophyta) 1属2种,各占总种数的2.08%,黄藻门(Xanthophyta)与金藻门(Chrysophyta)均有1属1种,均占总种数的1.04%。绿藻和硅藻类物种在沱湖浮游植物群落结构中处于优势地位,沱湖夏季浮游植物种类组成表现为绿藻-硅藻型。沱湖夏季浮游植物细胞丰度与生物量从上游到下游呈逐渐增加趋势,细胞丰度与生物量平均值分别为4.022×106cells/L与3.046 mg/L,蓝藻门和绿藻门类群为沱湖浮游植物细胞丰度主体,硅藻门和裸藻门类群为沱湖浮游植物生物量的主体;上游浮游植物多样性指数与均匀度指数均略高于下游采样点,沱湖水质呈β中污型-无污染型,上游水质优于下游水质。浮游植物群落结构与水环境因子的典型对应分析(CCA)结果表明,电导率、透明度、水深及pH值等环境因子与沱湖夏季浮游植物群落结构有较强的相关性。     

安徽湿地维管植物多样性及植被分类系统

通过野外实地调查并结合相关文献资料,对安徽湿地维管植物多样性进行了研究,系统地分析了安徽主要的湿地植被类型及分类系统。结果表明:(1)安徽省湿地维管植物共有95科303属682种(含种下分类单位),其中蕨类植物10科11属16种,种子植物85科292属666种;种子植物中裸子植物2科5属7种,被子植物83科287属659种(其中双子叶植物62科208属451种,单子叶植物21科79属208种);湿地维管植物主要是由草本植物组成,科、属的优势现象明显,以莎草科(Cyperaceae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、菊科(Compositae)和蓼科(Polygonaceae)为优势科;以蓼属(Polygonum)、苔草属(Carex)、眼子菜属(Potamogeton)、飘拂草属(Fimbristylis)、莎草属(Cyperus)等为优势属,属的组成相对较为分散,寡种属和单种属占总属数的93.4%;(2)从分布区类型看,在科级水平上有7个类型,在属级水平上有13个类型,表明该区系地理成分复杂,分布区类型多样;总体上温带成分略多于热带成分,说明了安徽湿地维管植物的分布与本地所处的气候带相适应,反映出从热带向温带过渡的区系特点;(3)依据中国湿地植被的分类原则和分类系统,结合安徽湿地植被的生境特征和群落学特征,可将安徽湿地植被划分为3个植被型组、7个植被型、7个植被亚型和141个群系。     

不同人为干扰下纳帕海湖滨湿地植被及土壤退化特征

以滇西北高原纳帕海湖滨退化湿地为研究对象,对比分析了人为隔断水源补给、牛羊过度放牧和家猪拱地三种人为干扰下湿地植被和土壤退化特征。结果表明：三种干扰方式下,纳帕海湖滨湿地植物群落类型多样性、物种丰富度、物种数、Shannon-Wiener指数、沼生植物重要值以及土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、含水率、毛管孔隙度变化规律为：人为隔断水源补给＞牛羊过度放牧＞家猪拱地,而土壤容重和全钾含量变化规律完全相反。Pearson相关性分析表明,不同人为干扰下相同土壤指标之间相关性质和相关强度不同;CCA分析表明植物群落种类组成和分布与土壤含水率和全磷含量显著相关。以原生湿地样点为对照,人为隔断水源补给、牛羊过度放牧和家猪拱地样带土壤退化指数分别为-7.40%、-14.53%、-45.01%。认为纳帕海湖滨湿地退化是三种干扰协同作用结果,但作用程度不同,其顺序为家猪拱地＞牛羊过度放牧＞人为隔断水源补给。