苦楝果多糖的分离纯化及组成分析

利用水提醇沉法提取苦楝果实中的多糖,经DEAE-52柱层析分离,得到MP1、MP2和MP3三个多糖组分,用Sephadex G-100凝胶色谱柱对MP1进行纯化鉴定,结果显示为单一峰。借助气质联用仪,对苦楝粗多糖和组分MP1进行了成分分析。红外光谱分析表明苦楝多糖的单糖残基以吡喃环和呋喃环的形式存在。     

高速逆流色谱仪分离纯化芦荟多糖的研究

采用紫外-可见分光光度计法进行了高速逆流色谱技术分离芦荟多糖的溶剂系统研究,得出了高速逆流色谱分离芦荟多糖的溶剂系统为w(PEG600)∶w(KH2PO4)∶w(K2HPO4)∶w(H2O)=5∶15∶15∶65,加入NaCl的质量分数为2%。在水浴温度30℃,转速600 r/min,下相流速为2 mL/min的条件下,采用高速逆流色谱技术成功分离出芦荟多糖粗品,得到APS-1和APS-2两个组分,经Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析技术和高效凝胶渗透色谱技术初步分析:APS-1和APS-2均为单一组分。     

裂褶菌胞内多糖的分离纯化鉴定及其性质

裂褶菌菌丝体用热水提取,乙醇沉淀,Sevag法脱蛋白,逆向流水透析,得胞内多糖粗品,经Sephadex A-50、Sephadex G-200柱层析纯化,得胞内多糖纯品,称SPG。纯度经纸层析、Sephadex G-200柱层析、高效液相色谱分析、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定,结果表明SPG为单一均匀组分。 SPG水解物经纸层析、薄层层析分析证实它是由葡萄糖组成的一种葡聚糖结构,SPG的部分水解、酶解、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱分析表明具有β(1→3),β(1→6)糖苷键。凝胶过滤法测定SPG的分子量约为10万。     

仙草多糖的分离纯化及鉴定

仙草(Mesona Chiliensis Benth)是我国的一种民间草药。用0.5％NaHCO_3抽提,乙醇沉淀得到了仙草多糖的粗品。经过H_2O_2脱色处理,Sephadex G-75柱层析和硫酸—苯酚法收集单一峰部分,得到仙草多糖纯品(简称MCPS),薄层层析、凝胶电泳和醋纤薄膜电泳证明其为均一性多糖。红外光谱扫描表明,它具有典型的多糖吸收峰。HPLC法测得相对分子量为4.3×10~4,经薄层层析确定MCPS的单糖组成为葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、鼠李糖,半乳糖醛酸及一种未知单糖。药理实验表明,它具有免疫促进作用与抑瘤效应。     

银耳碱提多糖的纯化、化学表征及其抗氧化作用的研究(英文)

研究银耳孢子发酵物中的多糖类化学成分,并探讨了分离得到的一个多糖组分的抗氧化活性。银耳孢子发酵粉用热水煮提除去水溶性组分后,再采用0.5 mol.L-1的氢氧化钠溶液提取,Sevage法除蛋白,用乙醇沉淀得到粗多糖。粗多糖经DEAE-32-纤维素和Sephadex G-200分离纯化得到分布均一的多糖TFBP-A。糖组成分析显示,TFBP-A单糖组成为:甘露糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖,摩尔比为90∶5∶5;HPGPC测定TFBP-A分子量为58962。TFBP-A的抗氧化活性实验显示:在H2O2引起的红细胞溶血试验中,以蒸馏水抑制率为0%计算,TFBP-A抑制率为78.6%;在超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用实验中,TFBP-A最高抑制率为53%;在清除羟基自由基实验中,TFBP-A的EC50为0.191 mg.mL-1。从银耳孢子发酵物中用碱液提取得到的多糖组分TFBP-A为酸性杂多糖,重均分子量为58962,且具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

猴头多糖分离纯化的初步研究

目的：确定适合于猴头多糖分离纯化的方法。方法：以液体发酵生产的猴头菌丝为材料,提取猴头菌丝多糖进行分离纯化,以得到多糖纯品。结果：猴头菌丝粗多糖采用Sevag法除蛋白的次数应该控制在5-8次,而且Sevag法除蛋白所得的HMP,经DEAE-纤维素柱层析初步纯化,多糖主要分布在蒸馏水洗脱部分,命名为HMPⅠ,其含量为67.5%;HMPⅠ经Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析纯化,得到两个组分：HMPⅠa、HMPⅠb;HMPⅠa为多糖主要组分,含量为71.8%;HMPⅠa经纯度鉴定为多糖纯品。结论：DEAE-纤维素柱层析结合Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析的纯化方法,可以获得猴头多糖纯品。     

芦荟多糖的分离纯化及性质研究

采用水提醇沉法提取芦荟多糖,经DEAE-C32柱层析分离,Sephades G-100进一步纯化,得AⅠ、AⅡ和AⅢ三种芦荟多糖。Sephadex G-100凝胶色谱表明,AⅠ组分为均一组分,其分子量约为3.8×10~4。借助气相色谱技术,研究了芦荟粗多糖和AⅠ组分的单糖组成。另外,红外光谱鉴定芦荟多糖主要为吡喃多糖。     

奶油栓孔菌菌丝体多糖的提取工艺优化、结构表征及抗氧化活性

奶油栓孔菌Trametes lactinea是一种生物活性丰富的大型真菌。本研究在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化其菌丝体多糖的提取工艺,利用DEAE-Cellulose-52阴离子交换柱和Sephadex G-200层析柱对粗多糖进行分离纯化,获得TLMPS-0、TLMPS-1和TLMPS-3均一多糖组分。采用化学组成分析、UV-vis、FTIR、刚果红实验对3种多糖组分进行结构分析,并检测了多糖清除自由基的能力和还原力。结果表明,奶油栓孔菌菌丝体多糖最优提取工艺为：提取温度99℃、料液比1:30 (g/mL)、提取时间5h,提取次数2次。在此工艺条件下,多糖提取率为4.01%。TLMPS-0、TLMPS-1和TLMPS-3的糖醛酸含量分别为12.91%±0.44%、8.24%±0.22%、7.50%±0.66%,硫酸基含量分别为22.24%±1.88%、14.55%±0.56%、18.68%±0.69%,并且证明TLMPS-0是一种α-吡喃型多糖或β-吡喃型多糖,而TLMPS-1是一种β-吡喃型多糖,均不具备三螺旋空间构象,此外,3种多糖组分均具有一定的清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟基自由基的能力和铁离子还原能力,其中TLMPS-0抗氧化活性最强。研究结果为奶油栓孔菌多糖的功能研究与挖掘提供了研究基础与理论依据。     

鸡腿菇子实体多糖的分离纯化、理化性质及抗氧化活性

本研究对水溶醇沉法提取的鸡腿菇粗多糖脱蛋白方法进行了比较,最终确定Sevage法为最优的脱蛋白方法。经DEAE-纤维素52离子交换及Sephadex G-200分子层析柱分级、纯化,最终得到2个主要的多糖组分Ccp-I-A和Ccp-I-B。理化性质测定结果表明,二者均为白色絮状固体,能溶于水,不溶于无水乙醇、丙酮等有机溶剂;与斐林试剂,CTAB、硫酸-咔唑、碘-碘化钾及三氯化铁反应均为阴性。GC测定结果可知Ccp-I-A主要由甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,摩尔比为2.03∶9.52∶1;Ccp-I-B主要由岩藻糖和半乳糖组成,其摩尔比为1∶5.21。另外,Ccp-I-A和Ccp-I-B对DPPH和·OH显示出良好的清除能力,而且,相比于Ccp-I-B,Ccp-I-A的清除能力更高,当浓度为300μg/mL,其对DPPH和·OH的清除能力可分别达到72.1%和55.3%。     

白术多糖WAM-1结构的色谱分析和原子力显微镜观察

通过热水浸提法从草本植物白术根茎提取的水溶性粗多糖,经DEAE-52纤维素柱层析分离和Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤柱层析纯化,得到组分WAM-1.采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测WAM-1的纯度,气相色谱(GC)对其单糖组分进行分析,原子力显微镜(AFM)对其分子外貌进行观测.结果显示:WAM-1为均一多糖,由葡萄糖和半乳糖以3.01:1摩尔比构成;在不同浓度溶液条件下,WAM-1分子以不同形态存在,多糖溶液的浓度对WAM-1的分子链构象及链间相互作用形式产生影响,推测可能与WAM-1分子内、分子间的氢键缔合作用有关.多糖浓度为10μg/mL时,可清晰的观察到WAM-1是以刚性链状形态存在,且具有多分支结构.     

灰色链霉菌RX-17溶菌酶R1的纯化及性质研究

通过硫酸铵分级沉淀,CM-Sephadex C50、CM-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析及Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析,从灰色链霉菌（Streptomyces griseus）RX17的发酵上清液中得到了电泳纯的溶菌酶R1,回收率6.89%。测得该酶分子量和等电点分别为16.8kD和9.10,作用于变链球菌（Streptococcus mutans）Ingbritt的最适温度和pH分别为70℃和6.6。R1酶在50℃以下及pH6～9的范围内保持稳定,60℃保温1h,残存酶活20.3％。Mg2+对酶有激活作用,而Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Cd2+、Pb2+则使酶完全丧失活性,螯合剂、盐酸羟胺、碘乙酸抑制酶活,β-巯基乙醇及表面活性剂则对溶菌有部分促进作用。R1酶溶菌谱广泛,对多种卵清溶菌酶不能作用的G+、G细菌均有溶解能力,对变链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)等则呈现高活性。     

β-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化和特性研究

对里氏木霉所产β-葡聚糖酶粗酶液通过饱和硫酸铵沉淀、Sephadex G-100 柱层析和DEAE-Sephadex A-50 柱层析进行纯化,比活提高14.60倍,活力回收6.62%。酶特性研究表明,最适温度和pH分别为60℃和5.0,在pH低于5.0时酶较稳定,酶的热稳定性在60℃以下。 Cu～2+、 Mn～2+ 、Mg～2+ 、Fe～3+ 和K+对酶有抑制作用, Zn～2+、Ca～2+、 Co2+和 Fe～2+ 有激活作用。     

淫羊藿多糖的分离纯化及结构初步分析

从淫羊藿中提取多糖并鉴定其初步结构和单糖组成.采用超声-水提醇沉法提取粗多糖、Sevag法去蛋白、DEAE-52纤维素及Sephadex G-100柱层析法纯化得到淫羊藿多糖EPSⅠ-1和EPSⅡ-1.应用紫外光谱法和红外光谱法对其结构做初步分析.采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定其单糖组成及摩尔比.均一的EPSⅠ-1和EPSⅡ-1多糖在紫外和红外中具有多糖的特征吸收峰,组成中含有吡喃环结构;EPSⅠ-1的单糖组成为鼠李糖和葡萄糖,摩尔比为1:1.13;EPSⅡ-1的单糖组成为果糖、葡萄糖和一个不确定的糖,摩尔比为1:1.91.有效地分离纯化了淫羊藿多糖,这为淫羊藿多糖的广泛应用奠定了实验基础.     

Purification and characterization of a collagenase from the mackerel,Scomber japonicus

Collagenase from the internal organs of a mackerel was purified using acetone precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex A-50, gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-75 column. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 14.8 kDa by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. The purification and yield were 39.5-fold and 0.1% when compared to those in the starting-crude extract. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were around pH 7.5 and 55 degrees, respectively. The K(m) and V(max) of the enzyme for collagen Type I were approximately 1.1mM and 2,343 U, respectively. The purified enzyme was strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Zn2+, PMSF, TLCK, and the soybean-trypsin inhibitor.     

球孢白僵菌胞外壳聚糖酶的纯化和性质*

球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana 1316-V1的培养上清液经硫酸铵分级沉淀,Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤,Chitosan-bead亲和层析,第二次Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤, 得到电泳纯的一种胞外壳聚糖酶,比活力达到45u/mg 。此酶的分子量为36 kD; 最适酶反应温度为60℃;最适pH为4.0;最适离子强度为 0.25mol/L NaCl; 37℃以下,pH 2.0~5.0之间稳定性好; Cu2+、Hg2+、Pb2+、Ni2+ 对该酶有强烈抑制作用;Ag+、Mn2+也有较强抑制作用;Fe2+有轻微激活作用。该壳聚糖酶是一种糖蛋白,含糖约为12.6%。酶的最适底物为脱乙酰度为90%的胶体壳聚糖;也能轻微水解CMC、DEAE-Cellulose和胶体几丁质;但不能水解片状的壳聚糖和几丁质。     

Studies on phospholipases from Streptomyces. II. Purification and properties of Streptomyces hachijoensis phospholipase D.

1. Phospholipase D [EC 3.1.4.4] from Streptomyces hachijoensis was purified about 570-fold by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50 followed by isoelectric focusing. 2. The purified preparation was found to be homogeneous both by immunodiffusion and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. 3. The isoelectric point was found to be around pH 8.6 and the molecular weight was about 16,000. 4. The enzyme has maximal activity at pH 7.5 at 37 degrees. The optimal temperature is around 50 degrees at pH 7.5, using 20 min incubation. 5. The enzyme was stable at 50 degrees for 90 min. At neutral pH, between 6 and 8, the enzyme retained more than 95% of its activity on 24 hr incubation at 25 degrees. However, the enzyme lost 80% of its activity under the same conditions at pH 4.0. 6. The enzyme was stimulated slightly by Ca2+, Mn2+, and Co2+, and significantly by Triton X-100 and ethyl ether. It was inhibited by Sn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, EDTA, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium cholate, and cetylpyridinium chloride. 7. This phospholipase D hydrolyzes phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, and lysophosphatidylcholine, liberating the corresponding bases. 8. The Km value was 4mM, determined with phosphatidylethanolamine as a substrate.     

β-葡聚糖酶的分离纯化和特性研究*

对里氏木霉所产β-葡聚糖酶粗酶液通过饱和硫酸铵沉淀、Sephadex G-100 柱层析和DEAE-Sephadex A-50 柱层析进行纯化,比活提高14.60倍,活力回收6.62%。酶特性研究表明,最适温度和pH分别为60℃和5.0,在pH低于5.0时酶较稳定,酶的热稳定性在60℃以下。 Cu～2+、 Mn～2+ 、Mg～2+ 、Fe～3+ 和K+对酶有抑制作用, Zn～2+、Ca～2+、 Co2+和 Fe～2+ 有激活作用。     

Glucoamylase from the Predacious Fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arthrobotrys conoides</Emphasis>: a Cationic Enzyme with High Debranching Activity and Raw Starch Digestibility

The extracellular amylolytic activity elaborated by the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys conoides was found to resolve into 2 amylolytic peaks when fractionated on Sephadex G-100 column. Around 80% of the eluted glucoamylase activity was attributed to peak I (GA A). GA A being cationic in nature was purified about 70-fold with 57% yield by negative chromatography on DEAE Sephadex at pH 7.0. The enzyme was stable over a broad pH range of 4.8–9.0. K_M for the linear polysaccharide amylose was 0.34 mg/mL. Enzyme showed high affinity for the branched polysaccharides as the K_M values for amylopectin, glycogen and starch were 0.056, 0.062 and 0.065 mg/mL, respectively. The enzyme clearly demonstrated raw starch digestibility. Probable involvement of Trp and His residues in enzyme catalysis was elucidated using group-specific reagents.     

A galactokinase of Mycobacterium sp. 279 galactose mutant

A galactokinase and the other enzymes of a galactose catabolic pathway were found in Mycobacterium sp. 279 galactose mutant. The galactokinase was partially purified in a procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The enzyme was 170-fold purified with 25% of recovery. It was most active at pH 7.8-8.0 in the presence of Mg2+, CO2+, Mn2+ or Fe2+ ions. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by Sephadex G-100 filtration amounted to 41,700. The apparent Michaelis constants for galactose and ATP in spectrophotometric test were 1.0 mM and 0.29 mM, respectively. Mercuric compounds at concentration of 0.4 mM completely blocked the enzyme. The galactokinase was quite stable during storage at moderatory temperatures and neutral pH but underwent rapid inactivation on heating above 50 degrees C.