流感病毒神经氨酸酶抑制剂药物耐药现状及机制研究进展

流感病毒可引起急性呼吸道传染病,严重危害人们的身体健康。神经氨酸酶抑制剂(NAI)是以神经氨酸酶为靶点的药物,可以有效抑制甲型和乙型流感病毒复制,是目前流感预防和治疗的一线用药。然而由于NA或者HA的突变,导致病毒对该药耐药。不同亚型流感病毒对神经氨酸酶抑制剂的耐药情况也不同,不同的检测方法也对判断病毒是否耐药有影响。     

流感病毒复制过程中神经氨酸酶的免疫荧光特点

用二种抗甲型流感病毒神经氨酸酶的单克隆抗体研究流感病毒在猴肾细胞内复制过程中病毒神经氨酸酶的免疫荧光特点,结果阐明了神经氨酸酶的细胞内过程及其发生的构象改变,并观察了抗神经氨酸酶单克隆抗体对病毒穿入细胞的影响。     

禽流感病毒神经氨酸酶蛋白的研究进展

禽流感病毒在世界范围内广泛流行,给养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失,有效的疫苗接种策略可以帮助预防和控制该疾病.抗原转换和漂移是流感病毒发生变异的两种主要机制.NA蛋白是流感病毒的表面纤突之一属于Ⅱ型糖蛋白,在病毒成熟时发挥神经氨酸酶的作用进而有利于病毒的成熟和释放,并在调控受体结合、病毒出芽等方面发挥着重要的作用.抑制NA蛋白活性具有预防和治疗疾病作用的事实证实NA蛋白是一个抗病毒的有效靶点.此外基于NA蛋白设计流感疫苗,具有免疫保护期更持久和保护范围更广的优势.     

基于配体捕捞结合HR-ESI-Q-TOF-MS快速鉴定和分离蛇莓的神经氨酸酶抑制剂

流感是一种急性呼吸道疾病,由甲型、乙型和丙型等流感病毒引起。其中,甲型和乙型流感病毒可导致季节性流行甚至全球大流行。流感病毒神经氨酸酶(NA)是病毒复制、传播和发病机制中的关键酶,因而研发神经氨酸酶抑制剂(NAIs)是对抗流感感染的有效途径之一。在中国,许多用于清热解毒的中药单独使用或作为中药配方来治疗流感显示出良好的疗效,但如何从中药中快速分离出活性物质是一个难题。     

禽流感病毒HA部分基因的克隆及其表达

禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)是正粘病毒科流感病毒属的成员。AIV核酸为单链线状分段RNA,病毒表面囊膜上镶嵌着两种重要纤突,即血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)。HA和NA与病毒的毒力、传染性密切相关。其中ha基因是最重要的免疫原性基因,它刺激机体所产生的抗体可中和病毒、抵抗感染,     

流感病毒疫苗(含甲型H1N1)生产制备和关键技术

1 流感与流感病毒 流行性感冒(以下简称"流感")由甲、乙、丙3种流感病毒引起.流感病毒易变异,传播迅速,其中甲型流感病毒最易引发大规模流行.根据甲型流感病毒表面抗原血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)结构及其基因特性的不同分成许多亚型,至今已发现的血凝素有16个亚型(H1～H16).神经氨酸酶9个亚型(N1～N9).     

B型流感病毒系间重配进化方式对其生长特性的影响

研究系间重配进化方式对B型流感病毒生长特性的影响。挑选2013~2015年中国分离的B型流感病毒野生型及系间重配代表毒株并传代扩增。以相同量的病毒感染细胞,检测不同时间点的TCID50值,测定生长曲线;进一步对病毒神经氨酸酶动力学常数(Km值)进行检测,分析神经氨酸酶活性。病毒生长曲线显示2013年和2014年病毒在感染后48h达滴度高峰,维持至72h后滴度逐渐下降;2015年病毒滴度则在24h达到高峰。2013年系间重配株B/福建同安/1565/2013与野生型病毒相当,而2013~2015年的其他系间重配病毒的生长曲线的峰值均不及同期的野生型病毒。通过神经氨酸酶活性实验得到病毒的Km值,显示系间重配病毒中B/福建同安/1565/2013NA蛋白的亲和力最高。2014年和2015年系间重配病毒的NA亲和力低于同期的野生型病毒。2014~2015年病毒检测结果显示,神经氨酸酶亲和力较强则生长特性较好,2013年病毒的神经氨酸酶活性与生长特性表现不一致。表面蛋白基因交换造成的系间重配毒株其神经氨酸酶活性与生长特性表现并不一致,提示2013~2015年,病毒的内部蛋白影响了病毒的生长特性,有待进一步研究。     

甲型H9N2流感病毒神经氨酸酶单克隆抗体的制备及保护效果研究

目的制备甲型H9N2流感病毒神经氨酸酶(neuraminidase, NA)单克隆抗体(简称单抗),研究其特性,并在小鼠体内评估NA单抗的保护效果。方法用H9N2 NA质粒经肌肉注射并辅以电脉冲免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术筛选出小鼠单抗M53,采用酶联凝集素测定法(enzyme-linked lectin assay, ELLA)和NA-XTD法测定其NA酶抑制活性,同时还进行了空斑抑制试验,以确定单抗M53对犬肾细胞中H9N2病毒复制的影响。此外,评估了单抗M53对H9N2流感病毒感染小鼠的预防和治疗性效果。结果在NA抑制试验中,单抗M53可抑制H9N2 NA对大分子胎球蛋白和小分子NA-XTD底物50%的裂解,IC_(50)分别约为4.48μg/mL和29.50μg/mL,表明单抗M53能够抑制H9N2病毒NA的活性。在空斑抑制试验中,当单抗M53浓度≥200μg/mL时,可显著抑制H9N2病毒在细胞间的低浓度传播。小鼠模型中,在H9N2病毒感染前24、48和72 h,使用30或10 mg/kg的单抗M53免疫1次,就可保护所有小鼠抵抗之后致死量的病毒攻毒,并显著降低小鼠肺部病毒载量。结论抗H9N2流感病毒的单抗M53具有作为流感病毒辅助治疗的潜力。     

蝙蝠甲型流感病毒H17N10新亚型的研究进展

2012年研究人员在蝙蝠中发现了甲型流感病毒H17N10新亚型。蛋白序列及结构分析显示,HA17蛋白及NA10蛋白与已知的甲型流感病毒的血凝素和神经氨酸酶不同,它们不能与唾液酸结合,表明H17N10亚型病毒的HA17蛋白及NA10蛋白可能具有新功能。本文将扼要介绍有关蝙蝠甲型流感病毒H17N10亚型的研究进展。     

用免疫信息学技术设计新型H1N1流感神经氨酸酶抗原表位肽

神经氨酸酶(NA)是一种具有唾液酸酶活性的流感毒粒表面糖蛋白,切断病毒HA与细胞膜上神经氨酸残基之间的连接,使病毒能够从宿主细胞表面释放.检测了新型H1N1流感NA基因核苷酸序列,用免疫信息学方法预测、筛选和鉴定B细胞表位;人工合成NA抗原多肽SE8和RE6,并免疫新西兰兔制备抗血清.两种抗血清具有体外中和新型H1N1流感病毒能力(微量中和实验),而且还具有拮抗血凝释放作用.根据2009年全球毒株NA基因序列检测和比对结果,发现多肽SE8和RE6序列未变异.实验揭示,多肽SE8和RE6可以作为新型H1N1流感候选多肽疫苗.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.