塔里木盆地二叠系孢粉组合及生物地层学*

首次系统地研究了塔里木盆地二叠系孢子花粉，讨论了盆地各地层分区孢粉组合特征，建立了从早二叠世至早三叠世早期的6个孢粉组合带，阐述了各组合带孢粉学特征。依据对盆地二叠纪孢粉植物群组成分子的分析及其与国内外相关孢粉组合的比较研究，将盆地孢粉植物群分为3个发展阶段，即：早二叠世早、中期的欧美型植物群，早二叠世晚期至晚二叠世早期的安加拉欧美混生型植物群和晚二叠世中、晚期的安加拉型植物群。文中还从孢粉地层学角度论述了沙井子组、杜瓦组和普司格组的地质时代以及二叠/三叠系界线等问题。描述孢粉25属33种（含2新种）。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组葡萄藻形态特征

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部西峰地区三叠系延长组主要烃源岩层长7^3-长7^2段发现大量藻类化石,丰度高,但分异度很低,属种单凋．主要由极其丰富的光球型疑源类（Leiosphaeridia）和丰富的葡萄藻（Botryococcus）组成。其中,葡萄藻形态各异．多为团块状,也有串珠状、云朵状的群体。团块状化石又可区分为球形、心形、三瓣形、品字形、菊花形等多种形态。透光镜下化石多为桔黄、棕红色。反射荧光强烈．大多呈黄色、浅黄褐色。葡萄藻化石可明显区分为淡水和做成水两种生态类型．前者群体及单个细胞较小,群体边缘呈波状或锯齿状,细胞放射状排列明显。后者群体及单个细胞较大．群体轮廓线较光滑,细胞放射状不十分明显。对葡萄藻生态环境分析和古环境对比研究认为．西峰地区中、晚三叠世葡萄藻繁盛的延长组长7段沉积时期．恰好是湖盆水域扩大,并逐步达到最大湖泛面的湖进期,气候温暖适宜．雨量充沛。两种生态类型葡萄藻化石的出现表明,延长组长7段沉积时期,湖水的盐度有一定的波动。通过对该层位共生疑源类和其他反映盐度地球化学指标的研究,认为中、晚三叠世鄂尔多斯湖盆正处于逐渐淡化过程．盐度的变化范围比较有限,为典型的淡水湖泊。延长组长8-长7段发现的孢粉组合的生态类型与我国云贵高原抚仙湖中与葡萄藻伴生的孢粉组合较为相似．表明鄂尔多斯盆地中、晚三叠世古湖泊处于较低地理纬度的暖温带-亚热带气候区。     

塔里木盆地棋盘—杜瓦地区早二叠世孢粉植物群及生态环境

新疆塔里木盆地是我国含油气远景极好的内陆盆地。因本区油气资源勘探工作的需要,笔者对盆地西南缘二叠系化石孢粉组合进行了研究。本文根据孢粉组合特征,将原划为晚石炭世塔哈奇组上部的一段地层划入二叠系,并讨论了早二叠世植物群面貌、生态环境特征和孢粉组合中的混生现象。     

塔里木盆地棋盘-杜瓦地区早二叠世孢粉植物群及生态环境

新疆塔里木盆地是我国含油气远景极好的内陆盆地。因本区油气资源勘探工作的需要,笔者对盆地西南缘二叠系化石孢粉组合进行了研究。本文根据孢粉组合特征,将原划为晚石炭世塔哈奇组上部的一段地层划入二叠系,并讨论了早二叠世植物群面貌、生态环境特征和孢粉组合中的混生现象。     

新疆吐鲁番─哈密盆地晚三叠世黄山街组、郝家沟组孢粉植物群及其意义

本文对新疆吐鲁番－哈密盆地３口石油探井中黄山街组、郝家沟组共１０８块样品进行了孢粉分析研究。自下而上建立了晚三叠世两个孢粉组合,即Ａｒａｔｒｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ａｌｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合和Ｏｓ－ｍｕｎｄａｃｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｈｏｒｄａｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,讨论了组合特征及其时代,并与国内外有关层位及化石群进行了分析比较;探讨了孢粉植物群所反映的古植被和古气候。     

新疆吐鲁番—哈密盆地晚三叠世黄山街组,郝家沟组孢粉植物群及其意义

本文对新疆吐鲁番－哈密盆地３口石油探井中黄山街组,郝家沟组共１０８块样品进行了孢粉分析研究。自下而上建立了晚三叠世两个孢粉组合,即Ａｒａｔｒｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ａｌｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合和Ｏｓｍｕｎｄａｃｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｈｏｒｄａｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,讨论了组合特征及其时代,并与国内外有关层位及化石群进行了分析比较;探讨了孢粉植物群所反映的古植被和古气候。     

内蒙古东南部开鲁盆地晚白垩世嫩江组孢粉植物群

开鲁盆地白垩系发育,至今已有200余口探井钻遇到上白垩统,其中嫩江组滨浅湖相沉积地层厚度稳定,分布广泛,含较丰富的孢粉化石。通过对嫩江组孢粉化石的系统研究,建立了以Schizaeoisporites-BeaupreaiditesLythraites为代表的孢粉组合。孢粉组合和岩石组合的对比表明,开鲁盆地缺失松辽盆地嫩江组中上部地层。根据沉积特征和孢粉植物群面貌,对古植被、古气候和古环境进行了讨论,认为本区晚白垩世处于东北中生孢粉植物区南缘,孢粉植物群具有过渡性质,反应了偏干的暖温带—亚热带气候特征。     

新疆三塘湖盆地塘浅3井早侏罗世孢粉组合

本文对在新疆三塘湖盆地塘浅3井701－834m层段发现的孢粉植物群进行了系统的分析研究,共获孢粉45属93种（包括1新种）,疑源类化石5属5种及一个未定类型,组成以Osmundacidites-Piceites-Pinuspollenites-Quadraeculina为主的孢粉组合,根据孢粉组合特征,认为其时代应归为早株罗世晚期,对组合中主要孢粉属种可能的母体植物的生长环境进行分析,推测新疆三塘湖地区在早侏罗世晚期为温带－亚热带气候。     

四川新龙晚三叠世植物

本文报道四川省新龙地区晚三叠世植物(包括英珠娘阿组及喇嘛垭组)29属48种。在这植物群中,真蕨植物占优势(8属15种),其中又以扇蕨科,合囊蕨科和紫萁科植物占显要地位,苏铁类植物次之,银杏类和松柏类植物比较丰富,种子蕨类植物出现了叉羽叶和鳞羊齿等。其组合特征与云南一平浪组、四川须家河组植物群,湘赣地区,箐河以及藏东地区晚三叠世中晚期植物群极为相似。与日本成羽,越南东京和东格陵兰等地晚三叠世植物群也比较接近,所属地质时代大致相当,应属于三叠世考依卜中——晚期。指示的气候属热带——亚热带。     

南京近郊早三叠世孢粉及疑源类

本文对南京东郊徐家山剖面12块样品中所发现的孢粉及疑源类进行了分析研究,共发现孢粉31属、47种,疑源类17属、41种(包括9新种)。按其所含孢粉属种及含量特征认为:下青龙组及上青龙组的地质时代属早三叠世。结合出现的菊石及牙形刺进行分析,下青龙组四段的地质时代属早三叠世Nammalian期;上青龙组的地质时代属早三叠世spathian期。按疑源类属种及含量特征自下而上明显地划分出组合带Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,分别与下青龙组四段、上青龙组一段及上青龙组二段相对应。根据疑源类各带特征推测:下青龙组四段为平静、近岸的海相沉积;上青龙组一段沉积时的海水较为动荡,且气候亦较温暖;上青龙组二段沉积时的海水平静,且水体较先前要深。     

Early and Middle Jurassic Sporo-Pollen Assemblages of Qiquanhu Coal-Field of Turpan Xinjiang

One hundred and thirteen species of spores and pollens belonging to 58 genera were found from 66 core samples taken from two boreholes of the Early and Middle Jurassic deposits in the Qiquanhu coal-field of the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang have been investigated in this paper. Two of the species are described as new. Three sporo-pollen zones from lower to upper are described as follows: Sporo-pollen zone Ⅰ (equivalent bed: Badaowan Formation) . The pteridophytic spores are slightly more abundant than the gymnospermous pollen in this assemblage. The most abundant spores are Cyathidites minor, C. australis and Undulatisporites pflugii, U. taenus and so on. The second important fern spores are Osmundacidites, Lycopodiumsporites, Apiculatisporis and Duplexisporites. The most important gymnospermous genus is Cycadopites which ranks highest in the assemblage and includes C. nitidus and C. typicus.The other gymnospermous pollen include Classopollis, Pinuspollenites, Protoconiferus Piceites. Besides, there are a few pollen grains of Taeniaesporites and Chordasporites surviving from the Late Triassic in this assemblage. The present assemblage may be compared with the Early Jurassic sporopollen assemblage from the Daling Formation of the North-East Guangxi. Therefore, the Badaowan Formtion may be referred to Early Jurassic in age, probably Early Lias. Sporo-pollen zone Ⅱ (equivalent bed: Sangonghe Formation) In this assemblage the gymnosperms are predominant.Of them, Podocarpidites and Pinuspollenites increase obviously, and Quadraeculina and Protoconiferus are common. Few surviving elements are observed. The most abundant spores are those of Cyathidites, and the particularly abundant pollens are those of Cycadopites, This assemblage may be compared with the Late Lias sporo-pollen assemblage from the Fuxian Formation of the Northern Shangganning Basin. Therefore, the Sangonghe Formation should belong to Early Jurassic, probably Late Lias in age. Sporo-pollen zone Ⅲ (equivalent bed: Xishanyao Formation). The contents of the spores and pollens are almost equal in this assemblage. Cyathidites and Cycadopites are the most important spores and pollen. Osmundacidites and Quadraeculina are common. Neoraistrickia, Lycopodiumsporites and Eucommiidites troedssonii are present. Ancient striate bisaccate pollen disappears. The characteristics of this assemblage show some resemblances to those of the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation in Chongxin county of Gansu province. So the Xishanyao Formation should belong to Middle Jurassic.     

Middle Triassic Palynological assemblage in the Wangjiashan Basin of Jingyuan,Gansu and Its Stratigraphical Significance

The sediments, overlain by the Middle Jurassic strata in the Wangjia-shan Basin, are a sequence of grey-green sandstones and mudstones and sum more than700 m. It was originally refered to Late Triassic in age. The palynomorph-bearingsamples were collected from the upper part of the sequence in a bore hole. Three sam-ples yielded a, bundant plant microfossils. The sporepollen assemblage consists of 63 species (types) and 51 genera, including 3 new species, namely, Cyclogranisporites callosus, Verrucosisporites wangjiashanensis and Longdongspora jingyuanensis. The component and constituent percentages of palynological assemblage are listedin Tab. 1, in which Pteridophytic spores hold predominant place (67.1%), Gymnospermous pollen reach 32.9%. Among the Pteridophytic spares Punctatisporites (8 forms)plays an important role in assemblage up to 32.3%, followed by Verrucosisporites, Calamospora, Duplexisporites and Apiculatisporis. Besides, Lundbladispora, Kraeuselis-porites and Aratrisporites are represented only by individual specimens. In Gymnospe-rmous pollen Disaccites hold 11.3%, Disaccite striatiti 13.1%, by amplification of Tae-niaesporites reaching 7.2%,others are Piceites, Protoconiferus and Parataeniaesporites.Angustisulcites and Chordasporites are a few in the assemblage. The present assemblage is quite different from the early and upper Triassic paly-nological assemblages of Shan-Gan-Ning Basin, (Qu Li-fan, 1980, 1982) but rather similar to that of the middle Triassic Tongchuan Formation. (Qu Li-fan, 1980; Liu Zhao-sheng et al, 1981) There are 33 genera and 18 species in common between the present assemblage and that of the Tongchuan Formation. Therefore, the present assemblage maybe assigned to the younger age of Middle Triassic. The bearingbed of the spore-pollen assemblage is called the Nanyinger Group. Thisgroup was compared originally with the Yanchang Group of Shan-Gan-Ning Basin, referring to Late Triassic. Based on present data, the Nanyinger Group may include se-diments of younger age of Middle Triassic.     

临夏盆地的新生代地层及其哺乳动物化石证据

临夏盆地的新生代地层相当发育 ,保存了从渐新世至全新世的连续沉积序列。更为重要的是 ,这些沉积物中含有丰富的哺乳动物化石 ,为划分和对比临夏盆地的新生代地层提供了可靠的证据。然而 ,此前关于这个盆地地层层序和时代的认识有许多矛盾之处 ,地层命名繁复 ,化石证据混乱。近年来我们对临夏盆地的野外考察已理清了沉积序列 ,并在充分的哺乳动物化石证据的基础上重新厘定了各个岩石地层单位所对应的地质时代。临夏盆地的新生代哺乳动物化石以晚渐新世的巨犀动物群、中中新世的铲齿象动物群、晚中新世的三趾马动物群和早更新世的真马动物群最为丰富。     

鄂尔多斯盆地晚石炭世孢粉组合

本文报道了鄂尔多斯盆地晚石炭世太原组的孢粉组合,共计68属,148种(类型)。本文描述了其中的9个新种,2个新组合和4个未定种,并建立一个组合带,即 Pseudolyosporaradialis-Gulisporites discersus-Thymospora thiessenit。根据孢粉组合情况,可看出盆地东部更接近于华北,西部则发生区系上的变化。整个孢粉组合可与盆地北缘、华北地区的太原组以及欧美等地区的维斯法期 C-D 和斯蒂芬期的孢粉组合比较。地质时代当属晚石炭世。     

山东平邑盆地古新世孢粉组合及其古气候意义

本文对山东平邑盆地卞桥镇国泰庄西ZK101井卞桥组二段的21块井壁岩芯样品进行分析,在其中5块样品中发现了大量保存较好的孢粉和一些淡水藻类化石,总计60属2亚属63种及部分未定种。据此建立了一个孢粉组合,即Pterisisporites-Ephedripites-Ulmaceae组合。该组合以凤尾蕨科和麻黄科花粉占优势,榆科有一定含量为其主要特征,并通过对一些重要分子的地质时代分布及与邻区相关孢粉组合进行对比,确定了其时代为古新世,同时讨论了该孢粉植物群所反映的古气候特点。     

A New Genus of Pteridiaceae from Late Jurassic,East Heilongjiang Province

A new genus of Pteridiaceae on the basis of fossil plants from the Didao Formation in Jixi coal-bearing basin of eastern Heilongjiang Province was described. According to assemblage of the fossil plants, the writers consider that the Didao Formation may be assigned to Late Jurassic in age.     

黑龙江省柳树河盆地古近系八虎力组孢粉组合及其时代和古环境意义

黑龙江省东部柳树河盆地古近系八虎力组为一套含油页岩矿床的地层。目前,对其时代的认定还没有确切的古生物学依据,尚存在不同的看法,同时,关于成矿环境的探讨也较薄弱。通过对该套地层开展系统的孢粉学研究,由下向上划分了4个孢粉组合,分别是Quercoidites-Retitricolpites-Retitricolporites组合、Retitricolpites-Retitricolporites组合、Polypodiaceaesporites-Retitricolpites-Retitricolporites组合和Pinuspollenites-Polypodiaceaesporites组合。根据孢粉组合特征,详细讨论了孢粉组合的地质时代,指出八虎力组时代为中始新世至晚始新世。根据孢粉组合的组成情况推测,八虎力组沉积时为亚热带-暖温带温暖湿润气候下的山间盆地环境。在山地高处生长有针、阔叶混交林植被,在低洼处生长有湿地水生植物、蕨类和苔藓类,从而有利于油页岩的形成和保存。温度向上可能有所降低,但幅度并不大。     

Microfossil Assemblages from Upper Carboniferous in Ordos Basin,Northwest China

This paper is resulted from a systematic study of sporo-pollen of Ordos Basin of Northwest China has been found. Single spore assemblage in the Taiyuan Formation contains abundant Pteridophic and Pteridosperm spores and a few Gymnosperm pollen. 11 new species are described. New sporopollen taxa include, Punctatisporites gansuensis, Auritulinasporites ningxiaensis, Gulisporites discersus, Trivolites scabratus, Psomospora anulatus, Gravisporites rugu- laris, Velamisporites breviradidlis, Murospora strialatus, Foveomonoletes foveolatus, Cy- clogranisporites microtriagulus (comb. n.), Cycadopites pachyrrhachis (comb. n.) and Punatatisporites sp., Tantillus sp., Converrucosisporites sp., Columnisporites sp.. and Zono- spheridium reticulatoides and Z. granuloides of Acritarchs. There are some differences between spore assemblages of eastern and western parts of Ordos Basin. Western part is characteristic by more abundance of cingulum spores. The age of the microfossil is considered to be of the Late Carboniferous.     

Microfossil assemblage from the Late of Middle Carboniferous in Western Shaan-Gan-Ning Basin,Northwest China

In this paper, some results of the study on the sporepollen of the Yanghugou Formation in the western Shaan-Gan-Ning (Ordos) Basin of Northwest China axe reported. Plenty of well preserved microfossil, which 136 types belong to 62 microspore genera and one megaspore genus, including 2 new genera , 13 new species, I Acritarch (Chamosphaera pseudozonatus gen. et sp. nov.), from 8 bore-holes and outcrop have been discribed. In generally, the microfiora of the Yanghugou Formation is similar to the Taiyuan Formation (Upper Carboniferous). According to the spore-pollen assemblage of Yanghugou Formation may correlate with those in the Middle Carboniferous of Great Britain, Belgium the north of France, German and North America. Besides, the assemblage are similar to Middle Carboniferous of Nortth Shandong and Hengshanbu of Ningxia in the microfossil assemblage. The geological age of the beds is considered to Late of Middle Carboniferous.