江苏盐城上冈全瘭世颗石藻及其环境控制

盐城上冈地区全新世期间处于泥砂质潮滩环境。根据有孔虫组合分析,这套近岸潮滩沉积代表潮下带－湖间带－潮上带的一次大海退过程。本文分析了上冈村砖瓦厂采泥坑东侧SGE柱状剖面全新统的颗石藻化石,结果发现这套沉积物仅仅含Gephyrocapsa oceanica单一属种,而且丰度较低。但这个种在剖面上的丰度分布显示三分性：即自下至上为贫乏或缺失间隔、较常见间隔笔常见间隔,基本上对应于潮下带、潮间带和潮上带。一般情况下,潮坪区由海向陆水动力由强至弱,各相带的水动力条件不同,其沉积特征各异。颗石灌胳架十分细微,在海水中往往以悬乳形式搬运,并在水动力较弱时停积。所以,水动力是G.oceanica分布的直接控制因素。     

南海北部和西菲律宾海颗石藻种群特征及差异

本文对南海北部SCS-N站(116°E,18°30′N,2016年5月)和菲律宾海西部PAC-ST02-34站(129°59.7′E,17°29.7′N,2016年1月)真光层中颗石藻种群结构进行了对比。总体而言,南海北部真光层颗石藻丰度高于西菲律宾海,而物种多样性指数低于西菲律宾海,这与南海北部真光层中营养盐浓度高于同纬度西菲律宾海有关;两个海域颗石藻丰度极大值都出现在次表层,但在南海北部出现的深度要浅于西菲律宾海,这是由于南海北部真光层营养盐、温、盐跃层较西菲律宾海更浅。Florosphera profunda是两个海域颗石藻种群的主要优势种,南海北部次级优势种为Emiliania huxleyi和Gephyrocapsa oceanica,而西菲律宾海次级优势种则为Umbellosphaera irregularis。颗石藻属种的垂直分布构成在两个海域具有相似的特征,其中F.profunda主要分布在真光层中深层(80m);G.oceanica和Gladiolithus flabellatus也主要出现在真光层中深层;Umbellosphaera irregularis,Syracosphaera pulchra,Helicosphaera carteri和Discosphaera tubifera等则主要分布在100m以浅;E.huxleyi和Calcidiscus leptoporus在南海北部主要分布在100m以浅,但在西菲律宾海则出现在深层(150m附近)。     

胶州湾表层沉积颗石藻Gephyrocapsa oceanica的分布模式及其与环境的关系

对胶州湾和邻近海域表层沉积中颗石藻Gephyrocapsa oceanica的分布进行初步研究,并提出胶州湾内这个种的分布模式,研究结果表明,该种在胶州湾和邻近海域表层沉积颗石藻组合占绝对优势,几个从属种类Braarodosphaera bigelowill,Syracosphaera histrica,S.lamina和Acantholithus sp.等,在一些样品中稀少,在胶州湾,依据Gephyrocapsa oceanica丰度的变化,自岸向海可以划分三个分布带：向岸常见带,浅水丰富带和深水富集带,这一分布模式与海湾水下地貌有密切的关系,在湾外的近岸海域,该种的分布呈现出与湾内相似的特征。     

2010秋季东海今生颗石藻的空间分布

根据2010年11月东海29站位所采集108个样品偏光镜检分析结果显示:调查区共发现26种今生颗石藻,优势种为赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)、卡特螺旋球藻(Helicosphaera carteri)和粗壮环翼球(Algirosphaera robusta)等.水体中今生颗石藻丰度为0-76.562个/mL,平均值为18.641个/mL;颗石粒丰度0-4506.47个/mL,平均值为613.44个/mL,今生颗石藻在表层和底层均呈斑块状分布,海盆区站位丰度较近岸站位下降明显,但物种丰富度明显增多;颗石球丰度最大值站位发生在硅藻水华站位.将研究区域划分为3个断面进行分析:PN断面、沿岸流断面和黑潮断面.比较显示,PN断面的空间分布差异性较大,赫氏艾密里藻具有最高丰度的颗石粒和颗石球.沿岸流断面颗石粒/颗石球、黑潮断面中颗石粒(除底层外),自表至底随水深增加有轻微增加趋势,黑潮断面颗石球丰度高值区集中于25-80 m之间.结合历史环境资料,分析得出东海调查期水体混合、泥沙再悬浮以及硝酸盐浓度是控制今生颗石藻物种丰富度与物种特异分布的主要因子;今生颗石藻在不同环境中具有不同的生活策略,其空间分布特征随取样季节和海区不同有较大变化.     

南海西沙群岛西科1井早中新世—第四纪生物礁地层中钙质超微化石的发现及其意义

西科1井0.10—1267.80m岩芯中钙质超微化石丰度低,属种比较单调。分析831个样品,仅在48个样品中发现钙质超微化石,共鉴定10属17种及1个未定种,主要化石种为Calcidiscus leptoporus,C.macintyrei,Coccolithus pelagicus,Cyclicargolithus floridanus,Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica,G.oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,H.euphratis,Pontosphaera multipora,Pseudoemiliania lacunosa,Reticulofenestra minuta,R.minutula,Sphenolithus abies,S.moriformis和S.neoabies等。根据钙质超微化石生物事件及组合特征,结合有孔虫和大型底栖钙藻等研究结果,对西科1井0.10—1267.80m地层进行了划分,大致可划分为5段:1)0.10—212.20m地层属于第四系NN21—NN19带;2)214.29—328.69m归属于更新统NN18带至上新统;3)330.97—598.12m属于上新统NN15带至上中新统;4)599.53—1231.62m归属于中中新统至下中新统;5)1233.62—1267.80m为下中新统。由于化石丰度和分异度均较低,未建立完整的钙质超微化石带序列。根据钙质超微化石标志种及组合特征,确定研究井段的地层时代为早中新世至第四纪。西科1井生物礁地层中钙质超微化石的发现,对该井生物地层的划分起到了十分关键的作用。     

长江三角洲DY03孔有孔虫群落演化及其古环境意义

文中对上海奉贤DY03孔222m长的沉积物柱状样样品进行有孔虫定量统计分析,结合颗石藻、孢粉等其它古生物学资料,重建了晚新生代长江三角洲南部沉积环境变化。钻孔孔深60m以上发现有孔虫产出,包括60—40m与24.6—2m两层位,尤以24.6—2m有孔虫丰度较高。孔深60m附近有孔虫丰富,底栖有孔虫主要属种为Ammonia beccarii vars.,Nonionella stella,Protelphidium tuberculatum,Elphidium advenum和Astrononion tasmanensis等,而58.8—49.2m则不含有孔虫;孔深48.8—40m,有孔虫丰度、分异度均从下而上降低,从以Ammonia beccarii vars.-Elphidium advenum组合为主,Ammonia compressiuscula,Florilus decorus,Pseudononionella variabilis及Nonionella stella等繁盛的面貌,变为仅含少量的Ammonia beccarii vars.和Elphidium limpidum等。有孔虫群落在60—40m层位呈现了其沉积环境由滨岸演变为浅海、又转变为滨岸的演化序列。另一有孔虫丰富层位(埋深为24.6—2m)中,有孔虫分布连续、丰度高、属种分异度高,其中下部21.4—8.8m含有大量的低盐种Pseudononionella variabilis,Stomoloculinasp.以及少量Heterolepaspp.和Lagena hispida;中部8.4—5.0m产出大量深水型分子Ammonia compressiuscula及代表高温、高盐环境的瓷质类型Quinqueloculina seminula,Triloculina rotunda和Spiroloculina laevigata;上部4.8—2m中深水类型缺失,从下至上显示了一个海水由浅到深再变浅、海水盐度由低到高再变低、海水温度由低到高再变低的海侵-海退过程,且本次海侵较上次海侵水深更深、范围更广。对比显示,DY03孔24.6—2m地层相当于中国东部广泛存在的第一海侵层(全新世),而60—40m地层则相当于第二海侵层(晚更新世),有孔虫等生物群落演化反映了该地区晚更新世以来的两次较大海水进退过程。     

颗石藻自动鉴定系统及其古海洋学应用——以南海MD05-2901柱状样研究为例

颗石藻自动鉴定系统SYRACO(Système de Reconnaissance Automatique de Coccolithes)是一种通过人工智能神经网络自动识别颗石藻种类并统计数量的工具软件。该软件能够快速可靠识别观察视域中的所有颗石个体,大幅度提高工作效率并弥补了在颗石藻属种鉴定过程中的人为误差。经过训练的SYRACO系统可以鉴定第四纪以来14个主要颗石藻属种,适用于第四纪以来的古环境研究。作者使用SYRACO自动鉴定系统对南海MD05-2901柱状样进行颗石藻属种鉴定,同时获得了Florisphaera profunda,Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa oceani-ca等主要属种含量信息。将结果与先前人工统计数据对比表明二者具有很好的一致性,证明其在古海洋学研究中的应用价值。     

南海北部珠江口盆地PY30井早中新世-更新世钙质超微化石生物地层及沉积环境

本文对南海北部珠江口盆地PY30井早中新世―更新世地层中的钙质超微化石进行了系统研究,发现490-690m和1 040-1 170m井段化石丰度和分异度均较高,700-1 035m和1 179-1 809m化石丰度中等,井段下部1 818-3 478m化石稀少,种类单调。根据钙质超微化石标志种的存在,对该井的生物地层进行了划分。在490—3 478m地层中识别出12个钙质超微化石带或联合化石带,地层时代为早中新世―更新世,据此建立了该井的钙质超微化石生物地层框架,探讨了下中新统与中中新统、中中新统与上中新统、上中新统与上新统以及上新统与更新统界线划分的钙质超微化石标志。根据钙质超微化石总丰度、分异度及特征性环境指示种丰度的变化,划分了8个沉积环境演化阶段,从而讨论了早中新世至更新世沉积环境演化特征。     

东海陆架盆地西南部始新世海相沟鞭藻类

本文描述了东海陆架盆地西南部W6-1-1井始新世海相沟鞭藻类24属36种(包括4新种),绿藻1属2种;论述了生物地层特征,建立了两个沟鞭藻组合并讨论了其地质时代、古环境及海侵海退等问题。东海陆架盆地始新统两个沟鞭藻组合基本上代表了一个大的海侵海退过程;海侵导致微体浮游植物的繁盛,并提供了较丰富的生油母质。文中提出下、中始新统的界线应置于温州组下部的灰岩与厚层泥岩之间,即瓯江组上部至温州组下部的灰岩应划归下始新统,温州组的其余地层应划归中始新统。     

冲绳海槽全新世钙质超微植物组合及气候分期

本文研究了冲绳海槽全新统钙质超微植物组合,计有21原生属58种。主要分子是Emiliania huxleyi和Gephyrocapsa oceanica,相当Martini(1971)划分的NN 21带,时代为晚更新世至全新世。 应用数理统计和生态分析的方法(根据钙质超微植物属种的多样度D,H(s)和冷、暖分子的百分含量)确定了海槽全新统的底界,即晚更新世晚玉木冰期和全新世冰后期的界线。本文还将全新统进行五分,各自相当于前北方期、北方期、大西洋期、亚北方期和亚大西洋期,并与我国黄海及日本、中欧全新世各气候期进行对比。 海槽表层钙质超微植物组合可与Roth和Coulbourn(1982)划分的北太平洋的中央带组合相对比,基本特征一致,但由于黑潮暖流流经本区,故属种多样度明显高于北太平洋。     

Middle to late Miocene fluctuations in the incipient Benguela Upwelling System revealed by calcareous nannofossil assemblages (ODP Site 1085A)

Middle to late Miocene calcareous nannofossil data of ODP Site 1085 from the eastern South Atlantic off Namibia were analysed to document spatial and temporal changes in surface-ocean circulation, upwelling initiation, and associated productivity.

Our data show that calcareous nannofossils constitute a significant part of the carbonate fraction throughout the investigated interval from 12.5 to 7.7 million years (Ma). Highest numbers of calcareous nannofossils (up to 38,000 × 10⁶ nannofossils g^− 1 sediment) were observed during the intervals 9.9 to 9.7 and 8.7 to 8.0 Ma. These elevated numbers of calcareous nannofossils may generally be linked to the initiation of upwelling at about 10 Ma in the studied region. In contrast, diminished numbers of calcareous nannoplankton, as in the interval 9.6 to 9.0 Ma, probably characterise time intervals of weaker productivity resulting in a decrease of nannofossil carbonate contents in the sediments of Site 1085. This decrease in nannofossil production could be one possible explanation for the major CaCO₃ depression in between 9.6 and 9.0 Ma. Coccoliths of the genus Reticulofenestra are the most abundant taxa. Their occurrences are characterised by changes in the investigated time interval. In addition, Coccolithus pelagicus, Calcidiscus leptoporus and Umbilicosphaera spp. contribute a common part of the assemblage. Calcareous nannofossils account for more than half of the carbonate, with peak contribution up to 80% at 8.8 Ma.     

Calcareous nannofossil assemblages from the Brendola section (Priabonian stage stratotype area, northern Italy)

Calcareous nannofossils from the Brendola section permit recognition of the NP 19–20 zone. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages of this area indicate an inner shelf marine environment and the scarcity of discoasters and sphenoliths during late Priabonian time in this area is attributed to the very shallow nature of the association and not to the temperature dependence of this group. Systematic details concerningOrthozygus aureus and its relations withHolodiscolithus macroporus, Clathrolithus minutus andZygolithus fiscus are given.     

The warm interglacial Marine Isotope Stage 31: Evidences from the calcareous nannofossil assemblages at Site 1090 (Southern Ocean)

Calcareous nannofossil assemblages have been investigated at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090 located in the modern Subantarctic Zone, through the Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 34–29, between 1150 and 1000 ka. A previously developed age model and new biostratigraphic constraints provide a reliable chronological framework for the studied section and allow correlation with other records. Two relevant biostratigraphic events have been identified: the First Common Occurrence of Reticulofenestra asanoi, distinctly correlated to MIS 31–32; the re-entry of medium Gephyrocapsa at MIS 29, unexpectedly similar to what was observed at low latitude sites.The composition of the calcareous nannofossil assemblage permits identification of three intervals (I–III). Intervals I and III, correlated to MIS 34–32 and MIS 30–29 respectively, are identified as characteristic of water masses located south of the Subtropical Front and reflecting the southern border of Subantarctic Zone, at the transition with the Polar Front Zone. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of a northward shift of the frontal system in the early Pleistocene with respect to the present position and therefore a northernmost location of the Subantarctic Front. During interval II, which is correlated to MIS 31, calcareous nannofossil assemblages display the most significant change, characterized by a distinct increase of Syracosphaera spp. and Helicosphaera carteri, lasting about 20 ky. An integrated analysis of calcareous nannofossil abundances and few mineralogical proxies suggests that during interval II, Site 1090 experienced the influence of subtropical waters, possibly related to a southward migration of the Subtropical Front, coupled with an expansion of the warmer Agulhas Current at the core location. This pronounced warming event is associated to a minimum in the austral summer insolation. The present results provide a broader framework on the Mid-Pleistocene dynamic of the ocean frontal system in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, as well as additional evidence on the variability of the Indian–Atlantic ocean exchange.     

Quantitative calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the subsurface Pliocene sequence,north-east Nile Delta,Egypt

Detailed quantitative calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy was carried out on a subsurface lower–upper Pliocene succession (Kafr El Sheikh Formation) in three offshore wells (Ras El Barr-1, Bougaz-1 and Bougaz East-1), north-east Nile Delta area, Egypt. The standard zonations are easily applied in these sediments and additional biohorizons have been adopted in this study. For early to late Pliocene interval, the following five bioevents are considered reliable: last occurrences (LOs) of Discoaster surculus, D. tamalis, Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus and Amaurolithus tricorniculatus and first occurrence of D. asymmetricus. The LO of R. pseudoumbilicus was used to detect the early/late Pliocene boundary in the three studied wells. In Bougaz-1-Well, the LO of D. intercalcaris was used to approximate the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. The calcareous nannofossils are moderate to good preserved. Lower–upper Pliocene sediments are dominated by small-sized reticulofenestrids (R. minuta), Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, Helicosphaera carteri and H. kamptneri. Large size (>7 μm) R. pseudoumbilicus is recorded. Discoaster species is rarely represented. No nannofossils were found in the top part of the Kafr El Sheikh and the overlying Wastani Formations.     

西藏南部岗巴地区白垩纪中期钙质超微化石带和Cenomanian-Turonian界线

我国西藏南部海相白垩系含有较丰富的钙质超微化石。文中着重研究岗巴地区两个剖面 (即剖面A ,B)Albian Santonian钙质超微化石的分布。根据标志种的存在 ,识别出 5个初现面事件 ,相应地建立 6个钙质超微化石带 ,自下至上是Prediscosphaeracretacea带 ,Eiffellithusturriseiffeli带 ,Lithraphiditesacutum带 ,Gartneragoobliquum带 ,Quadrumgartneri带 ,Lucianorhabduscayeuxii带。同时 ,通过洲际对比 ,建议以G .obliquum初现面作为划分本区Cenomanian和Turonian界线的标志。此外 ,Q .gartneri带和I .cayeuxii带之间缺失多个化石带 ,据此推测Turonian至Santonian期间本区可能存在沉积间断。     

The significance of isotopic and paleontologic results on Quaternary calcareous nannofossil assemblages from Caribbean core P6304-4

The calcareous nannofossils in Late Quaternary Caribbean core P6304-4 are examined with respect to their stable isotope composition, biostratigraphy, and taxonomy. Using relations between the various nannofossil taxa and oxygen isotopic stages, a number of correlations are identified that indicate the value of nannofossils in Quaternary isotope stratigraphy. Three globally-synchronous datums previously identified are substantiated for the Caribbean. Variations in abundances of the most common species of nannofossils are not affected by glacial-interglacial changes and thus do not contribute to fluctuations seen in the oxygen isotopic record. However, nannofossil assemblages were more diverse during glacial stages. The carbon isotopic record of nannofossils remains enigmatic. Eventually it may be possible to recognize the various isotopic stages of the Quaternary based solely on the characteristics of the nannofossil assemblage.     

Contribution of calcareous nannoplankton to carbonate deposition: a new approach applied to the Lower Jurassic of central Italy

The Upper Pliensbachian–Lower Toarcian Somma section (Central Italy), which displays alternation of limestone–marl lithotypes, was investigated for its calcareous nannofossil and CaCO₃ contents. In order to evaluate the contribution of calcareous phytoplankton to the carbonate fraction of rocks a new method was applied combining a recently developed technique for nannofossil absolute quantification and measurements of nannofossil size. Our study suggests that nannofossils did not produce the bulk of carbonate mud in the studied section, although they contribute to different extents to the pelagic carbonate fraction. The contribution of both coccoliths and (mainly) the Incertae sedis Schizosphaerella to the carbonate fraction was important only in periods of reduced accumulation rates and/or during clay deposition. The highest estimated carbonate production by nannofossils in the studied section is around 83% of the total carbonate content, but in a sample containing only 12.8 wt% CaCO₃. The observed limestone–marl alternations therefore result from cyclical export of carbonate mud from the shallow Latium–Abruzzi carbonate platform to the Umbria–Marche Basin and, only subordinately, from changes in nannoplankton productivity.     

苏北盆地阜宁组钙质超微化石由来初探

对苏北盆地4个钻孔300余块心样品进行了分析,在阜宁组的8块样品中发现了钙质超微化石,计3属1种及3个比较种,化石属种单调,保存较 ,受到严重的溶蚀或增生,结合这些种类的分布时代和产出层位,很难排除苏北盆地阜宁组钙质超微化石再沉积的属性。     

珠江口盆地西部渐新世以来钙质超微化石年代地层研究

珠江口盆地西部保存记录了渐新世以来较为丰富的钙质超微化石,为生物地层学的系统研究奠定了基础。笔者以5口钻井为依托,根据经典钙质超微化石分带、国际年代地层表(2012,2015)以及ODP184航次等建立的西太平洋最佳深海地层剖面和微体古生物分析成果,识别出NP24—NN16共14个钙质超微化石带,重新厘定了研究区的生物事件年龄,建立了珠江口盆地西部渐新世以来钙质超微化石年代地层格架。并讨论了岩石地层单位的时代归属问题,将Sphenolithus ciperoensis,Zygrhablithus bijugatus,Reticulofenestra bisecta的末现面以及Helicosphaera carteri,Cyclicargolithus abisectus的初现面作为古近系与新近系界线的标志生物化石。     

Remaniement des nannofossiles calcaires maastrichtiens dans les sédiments du Danien basal de Bidart (France) : arguments isotopiques (carbone et oxygène)

The sediments at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary record a major crisis of pelagic carbonate producers (calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera). Nevertheless, Maastrichtian-like nannofossils are found in lowermost Danian sediments. Their origin (reworked vs. survivors) is still under debate. A recently developed protocol leading to separation of the various calcareous components included in the lowermost Danian sediments allows evaluation of the nannofossil isotopic signatures across the Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary. Maastrichtian-like nannofossils found in Danian sediments record isotopic ratios (carbon and oxygen) similar to the Cretaceous ones. These results provide evidence that Maastrichtian-like nannofossils are mostly reworked at Bidart.