致谢2019年度审稿编委和审稿专家

2019年,《遗传》共收稿388篇,正式刊出稿件107篇,共有55位编委和260位专家参与本年度的审稿工作。谨向所有参加审稿的编委和专家表示衷心的感谢!向所有的作者表示衷心的感谢!2019年度审理稿件的编委:包其郁,岑山,陈德富,陈雁,储成才,方向东,高彩霞,高绍荣,谷峰,胡松年,胡炜,蒋思文,赖江华,李辉,李明洲,刘宝,刘峰,刘钢,卢大儒,苗龙,任军,史岸冰,史庆华,宋旭,孙玉洁,王晓群,吴东东,吴强,吴志英,夏昆,夏先春,谢建平,谢小冬,邢永忠,徐湘民,许琪,许执恒,严建兵,杨焕明,杨永华,杨昭庆,杨中州,袁慧军,张博,张飞雄,张根发,张红生,张天宇,张宪省,张勇,赵方庆,赵彦艳,赵要风,周钢桥,朱卫国。     

中国国花评选浅议

许多国家都有了自己的国花。如朝鲜的金达莱,日本的樱花,英国的蔷薇,法国的百合花,美国的山杞花,德国的矢车菊,意大利的雏菊,加拿大的糖槭花,西班牙的石榴花,希腊的橄榄花,爱尔兰的酢浆草花,墨西哥的仙人掌花。这些花,或因原产于所在的国家,或因遍植于该国,或与该国人民     

加强营林科学化的实施与森林抚育质量管理

人类为了生存,大幅的砍伐树木,破坏森林,开拓土地,围林造田,开发房地产资源,致使我国的环境质量日益下降,时不时的出现沙尘暴、雾霾现象,林业资源的减少,导致水土流失,造成了滑坡、泥石流的情况,也导致全球气温增高,加剧了"温室效应"。我们必须维持生态平衡,开展退耕还林的活动,通过科学化的营林措施,改善全球的气候问题。     

低智儿童与正常儿童中氨基酸的比较研究

我们对 30例低智儿童血清中TAU ,SER ,GLU ,GLY ,ALA ,VAL ,CYS ,MET ,ILE ,LEU ,TYR ,PHE ,TRP ,HIS ,ORN ,LYS ,ARG ,PRO ,18种游离氨基酸进行了测定。研究结果显示 :患儿血清中 11种游离氨基酸降低分别为 :TAU ,SER ,VAL ,MET ,ILE ,LEU ,TRY ,PHE ,ORN ,LYS ,TRP .氨基酸的失衡 ,儿童的蛋白质合成就将会受到严重的影响 ,因此将导致大脑的分化 ,发育受阻 ,引起智力低下。     

小鼠基因组中的微卫星重复序列的数量、分布和密度

作者分析了老鼠基因组中各染色体及其内含子、外显子和基因间区上各种类型的微卫星(1-6个碱基的重复序列)的数量及其密度。SSR约占老鼠基因组的2.85%,其中46.2%存在于基因间区,4.75%存在于外显子,49.05%在内含子区域,即非编码区富含微卫星。微卫星的数量与染色体或基因区域的大小有关,但密度与染色体或基因区域的大小的关系并不十分密切。第4染色体的外显子区域中6种类型的SSR含量都比其它区域少。A,T,AC,AG,AT,AAC,AAG,AGG,AAAC,AAAG,AAAT,AACC,AAAAC,AAAAG,AAAAT,AAACC,AAAGG,AAGAG,AAAAAC,AAAAAG,AAAAAT,AAAGAG,ACACAT,ACAGAG,ACAGGC,ACATAT是老鼠基因组中主要的SSR类型,而一些5碱基重复单元的SSR在老鼠基因组的某一条甚至某几条染色体都不存在     

鼓山风景区植物漫记

2003年1月21日,当我从北国一片飘雪的世界里解脱,来到福州这个满眼绿色的城市时,我心情异常舒畅。鼓山风景区位于福州市区西部,著名的涌泉寺也在那里,宗教气氛浓厚,也因为此,这里的生态环境也得到了很好的保护。鼓山大门西侧有两排高大的木棉树,粗壮的枝头,已孕育花蕾,如果在开花时节,火树红花,是多么的壮丽啊。早春时节烟雨绵绵,鼓山都笼罩在飘渺的雨雾之中,而山更青翠了。过了大门,沿着古道,一路行来,在山脚下的石阶边,蕨类植物很多,如凤尾蕨科的半边旗(Pterissemipinnatas),数量众多,这是一种美丽的植物,高约40—50厘米,一回羽状复叶,小…     

毛竹的奉献

从邵武市乘车进入武夷山生物圈保护区境内,首先引人瞩目的是绵延数公里的毛竹林。千万杆淡雅修长的毛竹,亭亭玉立,飘逸萧洒,美不胜收。 在和风细雨的春季,来此探幽,只见薄雾如纱,竹影摇曳,竹叶娑娑,如诗如画的景色,令人心旷神怡。夏季骄阳似火,游人到此,凉气顿生,翠绿的竹梢撑伞遮荫,竹林中美妙动听的鸟语虫鸣,让人精神为之一振,从中品尝到回归自然的韵味。这里有处名叫“大竹岚”的沟谷,以“昆虫模式标本产地”弛名中外,这一名气的由来,得益     

大豆虫害防治技术

大豆是一种含有丰富蛋白质的豆科作物,又叫黄豆、青豆、黑豆,大豆具有一定的营养价值,可以做我们平时使用孙吴豆油,还可以做各种豆制品。豆饼还可以作为家畜的饲料,大豆原产于我国,分布广,适应性强,全国各地均可种植,但在我国北方种植的面积较多,大豆为一年生草本植物,品种的不同可长到30—90cm不等,大豆属于植物界,种子植物门,被子植物亚门,双子叶植物纲,豆目,蝶形花科,大豆属,大豆种。大豆也是我国重要的粮食作物,大豆不耐涝,有机质丰富的土壤适于生长,从苗期就有病虫的危害,所以做好大豆的病虫害防治是增产增收的重中之重。     

浅谈盆景树的嫁接与修剪

树木在生长的过程中,继续接受物理治疗,在挤压加工的基础上根的抑制,根系形成板。挤压应逐步向多方法,不能操之过急,否则无法治愈的伤口,植物根系,严重的导致死亡。选择健壮的盆景树材,总根掘起,洗净污垢,减少所有的根,注意保持清洁根周围,辐射式,用平的物体如木材,在根端瓦垫,然后手掌或腐烂的绳索将根中垫料均匀的结合。     

牛蛇搏斗

大西北的夏日的一天,气候炎热干燥,在山坡地里耕着麦茬地的中年农民,油黑的脸上冒着细汗,不时的吆喝着四平八稳慢慢地拉着犁行走的黄牛。晌午,人畜稍息,农民斜躺在崖边阴凉处叭哒叭哒的吸旱烟,牛在地边吃草。那种各自悠然自得的样囝,仿佛忘记了疲劳。突然,黄牛一声怪叫,四蹄分开,外瞪站定,怒目圆睁,眼睛一动不动的盯着什么东西。农民见状,霍的站起来,边喊他人边飞快的朝牛奔来。走近一看,有一条直径约2.5公分,长约80公分的蝮蛇(当地人叫麻绳蛇>,前半截身子翘立,不仃的吐着双叉舌头,同牛对峙着,牛见主人到来,头下俯,身子前倾,喘口粗气后,用力猛的使劲一吸,     

Comparative analysis of ultrastructure of glandular trichomes in two Nepeta cataria chemotypes (N. cataria and N. catena var. citriodora)

Glandular trichomes from the leaf surface of Nepeta cataria and N. cataria vai.citriodora have been examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Peltate glands and capitate hairs type I were found on leaves of N. cataria. Both types had single stalk cells. Leaves of N. cataria var. citriodora bore peltate glands with unicellular or bicellular stalk, capitate hairs type I (with unicellular stalk) and capitate hairs type II (with unicellular or bicellular stalk). Peltate glands of N. cataria and of N. cataria var. citriodora were characterized by numerous leucoplasts sheathed by smooth reticular tubules and smooth endoplasmic reticulum; they are proposed to synthesize terpenes. The secretory cells of capitate hairs type I of N. cataria and those of N. cataria var. citriodora had well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes. They had plastids with protein inclusions. These glands are supposed to produce slime. Capitate hairs type II of N. cataria var. citriodora had no analogs in N. cataria. Their secretory cells exhibited abundance of tubular endoplasmic reticulum and had unsheathed plastids with starch grains. Probably, these glands synthesize terpenes. The results of the study indicate that there is an obvious difference both in morphology and in ultrastructure of glandular trichomes in different chemotypes of N. cataria.     

Foliar secretory trichomes of Ocimum obovatum (Lamiaceae): micromorphological structure and histochemistry

This study characterises the micromorphology, ultrastructure and main chemical constituents of the foliar glandular trichomes of Ocimum obovatum using light and electron microscopy and a variety of histochemical tests. Two types of glandular trichomes occur on the leaves: large peltate and small capitate. The head of each peltate trichome is made up of four broad head cells in one layer. The head of each capitate trichome is composed of two broad head cells in one layer (type I) or a single oval head cell (type II, rare). In peltate heads, secretory materials are gradually transported to the subcuticular space via fracture in the four sutures at the connecting walls of the head cells. Release to the head periphery occurs through opposite fracture in the four sutures in the head cuticle. In type I capitate trichomes, release of the secretions to the subcuticular space occurs via a pore between the two head cells, and release to the head periphery occurs through the opposite pore in the head cuticle. In type II capitate trichomes, the secreted material is released from the head cell through a ruptured particular squared area at the central part of the head cuticle. These secretion modes are reported for the first time in the family Lamiaceae. Histochemical tests showed that the secretory materials in the glandular trichomes are mainly essential oils, lipophilic substances and polysaccharides. Large peltate trichomes contain a large quantity of these substances than the small capitate trichomes. Ultrastructural evidence suggests that the plastids produce numerous lipid droplets, and the numerous polysaccharide small vesicles are derived from Golgi bodies.     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITATE GLANDULAR HAIRS OF CANNABIS SATIVA L. (CANNABACEAE)

The capitate-sessile and capitate-stalked glands of the glandular secretory system in Cannabis, which are interpreted as lipophilic type glandular hairs, were studied from floral bracts of pistillate plants. These glands develop a flattened multicellular disc of secretory cells, which with the extruded secretory product forms the gland head and the auxiliary cells which support the gland head. The secretory product accumulates beneath a sheath derived from separation of the outer wall surface of the cellular disc. The ultrastructure of secretory cells in pre-secretory stages is characterized by a dense ground plasm, transitory lipid bodies and fibrillar material, and well developed endoplasmic reticulum. Dictyosomes and dictyosome-derived secretory vesicles are present, but never abundant. Secretory stages of gland development are characterized by abundant mitochondria and leucoplasts and by a large vacuolar system. Production of the secretory product is associated with plastids which increase in number and structural complexity. The plastids develop a paracrystalline body which nearly fills the mature plastid. Material interpreted as a secretion appears at the surface of plastids, migrates, and accumulates along the cell surface adjoining the secretory cavity. Extrusion of the material into the secretory cavity occurs directly through the plasma membrane-cell wall barrier.     

Developmental and comparative ultrastructure of glandular hairs in the two Urticaceae. I. Urtica dioica

Secretion produced by glandular hairs is deposited mainly in the periplasmic space of the head cells. It stains intensely for both proteins and polysaccharides. The ultrastructure of meristematic, differentiating, mature and senescent head cells as well as the stalk and basal cells has been described in comparison to that in other cell types of the leaf. The specific features of the head cells are the proliferation of the granular endoplasmic reticulum as well as the multiplication of the dictyosomes and mitochondria during transition to the secretion stage. However, the frequency of dictyosomes varies among secreting hairs. The ER produces neither secretory nor transition vesicles and does not anastomose with the plasmalemma. In the absence of transition vesicles, the transport of secretory proteins and enzymes of polysaccharide synthesis from the ER to dictyosomes apparently includes the cytosolic step. Dictyosomes, though not appearing hypersecretory, produce two types of smooth secretory vesicles generated by the trans Golgi reticulum. The vectorial transfer of prosecretion and membranes across the dictyosome stack proceeds via the transport (shuttle) vesicles. It is, therefore, concluded that exocytosis of smooth secretory Golgi vesicles is the sole mechanism of release of both proteins and polysaccharides. Coated vesicles occasionally seen near the plasmalemma are likely to be involved in the endocytotic membrane retrieval. The secretion product disappears during senescence of the hairs and the secretory cells undergo vacuolation by means of local autophagy.     

Ultrastructural Studies on the Secretory Cavity Development and Essential Oil Accumulation in the Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa

The secretory cavity in fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. developed schizogenously through a separation of the walls of the central initial cells. Electron micrographs revealed that in the early stages of cavity development there was an apparent increase in the number and volume of the plastids in which esmiophilic droplets and tubular dements were observed. This suggested that the essential oils might be synthesized in the plastids.. The essential oils were then transport ed through the plastid membrane to the surrounding endoplasmic reticulum or into the vacuoles, becoming vesicles approaching the plasmalemma, and finally releasing their contents into the oil chamber by plasmalemma invaginations.     

紫苏腺毛的形态结构和发育的研究

紫苏（Perillafrutescens（L．）Britton）叶上腺毛的研究表明：叶上腺毛主要有两种类型,一是头状腺毛,二是后状腺毛。两类腺毛都是由1个基细胞、1个柄细胞和由分泌细胞组成的头部构成。头状腺毛的头部由1个、2个或4个分泌细胞构成,其头部呈圆球形或半圆球形。盾状腺毛的头部也由1个、2个、4个或8个分泌细胞构成,其分泌细胞横向扩展使头部呈盾状。分泌盛期,大量分泌物充满角质层下间隙。两类腺毛的原始细胞均起源于叶原基或幼叶的原表皮层细胞,它通过两次平周分裂形成1个基细胞、1个柄细胞和1个头细胞,头细胞不分裂或依次进行1—3次垂周分裂,分别形成单细胞、2细胞、4细胞或8细胞的头部。     

羽叶薰衣草表皮毛的发育解剖学研究

对羽叶薰衣草(LavandulapinnataL.)茎和叶上两种表皮毛(腺毛和非腺毛)发育的解剖学观察表明,两者的发生都源于茎或叶的原表皮细胞,但外部形态、发育过程及功能明显不同。腺毛有头状腺毛和盾状腺毛两种类型,均由1个基细胞、1个柄细胞和头部细胞构成。头状腺毛的头部只有1个或2个分泌细胞,盾状腺毛由8个分泌细胞构成头部。非腺毛由3-20个细胞组成,可分为三种类型:单列不分枝、二叉分枝和三叉及三叉以上多分枝的树状分枝。非腺毛的顶部细胞由基部到顶部逐渐变细,先端成尖形。腺毛发育由原表皮细胞经两次平周分裂形成,由于柄细胞和头部细胞所处的分化状态不同而发育成两类腺毛。非腺毛由非腺毛原始细胞经二次或多次平周分裂和不均等分裂,再发育成数个至二十多个子细胞。     

紫苏腺毛的形态发生研究

紫苏叶上有两种腺毛:盾状腺毛和头状腺毛。两者都具1个基细胞、1个柄细胞和头部。前者的头部可由1、2、4或8个分泌细胞组成,扩展成盾状;后者的头部由1、2或4个分泌细胞组成,聚成圆球状。两种腺毛的原始细胞都来源于原表皮细胞,经两次平周分裂产生基细胞、柄细胞和顶细胞。在腺毛后期的形态发生中,柄细胞的分化状态决定腺毛的类型。若柄细胞保持扁平状且处于分生状态时,其顶细胞将发育成盾状腺毛的头部;若柄细胞纵向引长并迅速液泡化时,其顶细胞将发育成头状腺毛的头部。     

On the ultrastructure of differentiating secondary xylem in willow

Summary Studies of differentiating xylem inSalix fragilis L. show the immediate cambial derivatives to be ultrastructurally similar. The Golgi apparatus is important at all stages of wall synthesis, possibly producing (amongst other substances) hemicellulose material which is carried to the wall in vesicles or multivesicular bodies. The endoplasmic reticulum also contributes one or more components to the developing wall: at some stages during differentiation the endoplasmic reticulum produces electron opaque bodies which appear to be guided towards the wall by microtubules. Compact structures formed from concentric membranes (myelin-like bodies) have been found joined to rough endoplasmic reticulum, but their presence is not explained.Two types of plasmalemma elaboration occur: invagination of the plasmalemma itself to form vesicles which may contain cytoplasmic material; and vesicles between the plasmalemma and cell wall which are the result of single vesicles or multivesicular bodies traversing the plasmalemma. Both systems provide a means for transporting cytoplasmic material across the plasmalemma.Microtubules have been seen associated with all vesicles derived from the cytoplasm which appear to be moving towards the wall. The presence of microtubules may generally be explained in terms of orientation of vesicles, even if they also happen coincidentally to parallel the supposed orientation of microfibrils in the wall itself. It is possible to resolve connections between the microtubules and the plasmalemma.     

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GLANDULAR TRICHOMES OF LEAVES OF NICOTIANA TABACUM L., cv XANTHI

Electron microscopy confirms previous light microscope observations that tobacco leaf trichomes are glandular and that there are two different types. Both the tall trichome (multicellular stalk, unicellular or multicellular head) and the short trichome (unicellular stalk; multicellular head) exhibit characteristics common to gland cells—a dense cytoplasm, numerous mitochondria, and little vacuolation. The tall trichome contains structurally well developed chloroplasts and an elaborate network of endoplasmic reticulum. The short trichome contains undifferentiated plastids and endoplasmic reticulum which parallels the nucleus and plasmalemma. Few dictyosomes are seen either in the short trichome or in the tall trichome. The short trichome appears to undergo structural changes concurrently with the appearance of secretory product within the cells. The most noticeable change is the formation of the extraplasmic space between the cell wall and the plasmalemma. Electron dense secretory product is observed between the plasmalemma and the cell wall and within the intercellular spaces.