湖南壶瓶山自然保护区鸟类多样性分析

湖南壶瓶山自然保护区拥有鸟类１４３种,隶属１４目３４科,其中国家一级保护动物１种,二级保护动物１６种,湖南省级保护动物２９种。该地的夏候鸟４９种,冬候鸟１４种,留鸟８０种。东洋界鸟类８５种,古北界鸟类３２种,广布性鸟类２６种。壶瓶山鸟类的多样性指数为１．８４５５,均匀性指数为０．８５５０。     

湖南省武陵源自然保护区夏季鸟类多样性分析

武陵源自然保护区的夏季鸟类共８９种，隶属１１目２８科，其中国家二级保护动物９种，湖南省级保护动物７种，该地的夏候鸟３１种，留鸟５８种。东洋界鸟类５２种，古北界鸟类１６种，广布性鸟类２１种。武陵源鸟类的多样性指数为１．５４８，均匀性指数为０．７９６。     

南洞庭湖冬季鸟类群落结构及多样性分析

南洞庭湖冬季常见鸟类共４３种,隶属１０目２１科３５属,其中国家二级保护动物５种,湖南省级保护动物１６种。该地的冬候鸟２４种,留鸟１９种。东洋界鸟类１２种,古北界鸟类２种,广布性鸟类２９种。南洞庭湖冬季鸟类的多样性指数为２．０００８,均匀性指数为０．５３１９。     

东洞庭湖冬季鸟类及其多样性分析

东洞庭湖冬季常见鸟类共30种,隶属11目17科20属,其中国家二级保护动物4种,湖南省级保护动物14种。该地的冬候鸟21种,留鸟9种。东洋界鸟类10种,古北界鸟类1种,广布性鸟类19种,东洞庭湖冬季鸟类的多样性指数为1．5171,均匀性指数为0．4460。     

武汉桂子山地区冬季鸟类群落结构及多样性研究

2005年11月～2006年3月,对武汉桂子山地区冬季鸟类群落进行了调查,共记录鸟类44种,隶属10目22科。有国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类2种,湖北省重点保护鸟类16种;留鸟32种,冬候鸟11种,旅鸟1种,留鸟构成了冬季鸟类的主体;该地区冬季鸟类密度为4．30只／hm^2,物种多样性指数为2．6477,均匀性指数为0．6997。居民点、乔灌林、绿地和水域生境中,乔灌林鸟类多样性最高,数量最多。     

长江师范学院校园夏季鸟类群落与多样性分析

2008年3～7月采用样线法对长江师范学院李渡校园鸟类组成和种群数量进行了调查,共记录鸟类6目21科28种,数量1633只,物种多样性指数为3．9204,均匀性指数为1．1765,其中国家“三有”名录鸟类25种,CITES名录鸟类1种。鸟类区系以东洋界成分为主。对不同生境鸟类多样性的分析结果表明：（1）乔灌林鸟类多样性指数和均匀性指数最高,水域鸟类多样性指数最低,建筑区均匀性指数最低;（2）乔灌林与竹林的相似性指数最高,竹林与水域的相似性最低。     

国家自然保护区金佛山北坡鸟类资源及G-F指数分析

2008年7月至8月,采用样点法对国家自然保护区金佛山北坡鸟类资源进行了调查,分析了鸟类的G-F指数,结果表明：金佛山北坡鸟类资源丰富,共有鸟类115种,分属于10目33科,其中,最多为雀形目92种（80％）,其次为鸡形目5种（4．35％）;国家二级保护鸟类5种,被列入CITES名录的鸟类有4种;东洋界鸟类81种（70．43％）,古北界鸟类26种（22．61％）,广布种8种（6．96％）;从居留类型看,留鸟82种（71．30％）,夏候鸟27种（23．48％）、冬候鸟4种（3．48％）,旅鸟2种（1．74％）;金佛山自然保护区北坡的F指数为17．1257,G指数为4.1561,G-F指数为0．7573。     

西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性

通过样线法调查并综合有关文献,录得珠峰保护区鸟类342种,并对其鸟类群落结构与多样性进行了分析。其中留鸟218种,夏候鸟67种,冬候鸟43种,旅鸟及迷鸟14种;国家一级保护鸟类8种,二级保护鸟类31种;东洋界132种,古北界156种,广布种54种,特有种19种。多样性指数2.4340,均匀性指数0.4371。研究表明,喜马拉雅山脉将保护区明显阻隔为南坡和北坡两种不同的生态景观。南坡鸟类群落以森林鸟类为主,东洋界成分占67%,垂直分带明显,多样性系数3.3983,均匀度指数0.6396;北坡鸟类群落以湿地和荒漠鸟类为主,古北界成分占77%。呈斑块状分布,多样性指数1.8751,均匀度指数0.4199,南、北坡鸟类群落的相似百分率为15.70,差异显著。     

湖南八大公山夏季鸟类名录及其多样性

2002—2004年采用样带法对湖南八大公山自然保护区的天平山、杉木界、斗蓬山3个区域夏季鸟类进行了调查,结果表明八大公山的夏季鸟类共有77种,隶属10目27科,其中留鸟55种(占71.43%),夏候鸟22种(占28.51%);国家Ⅱ级保护动物6种,湖南省级保护动物7种;东洋界鸟类43种(占55.84%),古北界18种(占23.38%),广布种16种(占20.78%),其地理区划属东洋界-华中区-西部山地高原亚区。天平山、杉木界、斗蓬山鸟类的多样性指数和均匀性指数与3个区域的下述因素有关海拔低,则栖息地生境多样化程度高,鸟类的多样性指数也高;人类干扰大,则鸟类的均匀性指数较低。八大公山夏季鸟类的多样性指数和均匀性指数分别为1.5838和0.8395,鸟类的种数、多样性和均匀性水平均低于海拔较低的壶瓶山自然保护区,鸟类多样性和均匀性水平高于发展了旅游业的武陵源自然保护区。     

内蒙古桦木沟自然保护区夏季鸟类物种多样性调查

为了解鸟类多样性现状,制定科学有效的栖息地保护管理对策,于2006年5～7月利用样线法对内蒙古桦木沟自然保护区鸟类物种多样性进行了调查,并分析了群落结构。结果显示,保护区内有17目44科127种鸟类,其中有国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类14种。居留型组成为90种夏候鸟、27种留鸟、10种旅鸟。不同生境类型中的鸟类群落多样性指数以草原湿地最高,均匀性指数以林地和疏林较高。提出保护区在制定鸟类多样性保护对策时应全面考虑各类栖息地的生态作用。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.