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1.
木豆CMS杂交种资源农艺性状及品质性状分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对自ICR ISAT成套引进最新培育成功的早、中熟组木豆CMS杂交种各6份,进行了农艺性状及品质性状分析。结果表明:(1)早熟组的成株率高,育性恢复好;其中ICPH2363的成株率、单株荚数、百粒重等性状均表现较好。(2)中熟组中有2份杂交种在成株率、株高、分枝数等性状上远超对照品种;特别是ICPH3381的分枝数极显著多于对照品种。(3)早熟组杂交种的粗蛋白、无氮浸出物等指标普遍高于对照品种;特别是ICPH2364各品质性状指标均较高,干子粒平均单产也高于对照,作为精饲料、配合饲料开发利用潜力较大。木豆CMS杂交种资源农艺性状令人满意,在我国亚热带省区应具有较好的推广利用价值。  相似文献   

2.
普通小麦不同优势杂交种及其亲本苗期根系基因的差异表达   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
为探讨小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)杂种优势形成的分子机理 ,选用普通小麦品种 (系 ) 3338、6 5 5 4和 2 410TD及其强优势杂种A(3338× 6 6 5 4)和无优势杂种B(2 410TD× 6 5 5 4) ,采用mRNA差异显示技术 ,对生长至三叶一心的根系 (初生根 )基因表达差异进行了比较研究。结果发现 ,小麦杂种一代苗期根系基因表达较亲本明显不同 ,表现为数量水平和质量水平上的差异 ,且差异表达基因的数目远高于我们以苗期叶片为材料的研究结果 ,表明小麦杂交种与其亲本间的基因差异表达与所研究的组织和器官有关。比较分析发现 ,在强优势杂种组合A中 ,超亲表达和偏高亲表达基因所占比例均明显高于无优势杂种组合B。以家族特异基因替代随机引物进行的差异显示结果表明 ,MADS_box家族基因在小麦杂交种和亲本苗期根系中存在着显著的表达差异 ,且差异表达类型以杂种特异表达和亲本基因在杂种一代沉默为主 ,说明MADS_box家族基因可能与小麦的杂种优势形成具有重要关系。对杂种和亲本基因表达差异与杂种优势的关系进行了分析和讨论  相似文献   

3.
甘蓝型油菜秦优10号杂交种纯度鉴定的SSR引物筛选   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了建立一套快速可靠的油菜杂交种纯度的鉴定方法,本文以秦优10号及其亲本、杂种ZZH2为试验材料,对前人开发的2对SSR引物(7号引物, 9号引物)进行了再次筛选.结果显示,7号引物不但能很好地区别出混入杂交种中的亲本,还能将杂交种子的同母异父组合种子从杂交种中分离出来,能够用于鉴别秦优10号杂交种子的真伪;9号引物能区分出杂交种和母本,但不能区分开杂交种和父本.同时,本试验利用人工制成的秦优10号杂交种标准样(纯度为100%)以及7份大田鉴定不同纯度梯度的杂交种子对7号引物鉴定结果的准确性进行了验证,鉴定结果与大田鉴定结果基本一致.本文结果将为鉴定秦优10号杂交种纯度提供更准确的技术资料.  相似文献   

4.
以‘布鲁克斯’、‘美早’、‘红蜜’等5个甜樱桃(Prunus avium)品种为试材,检测不同品种甜樱桃花期不同发育阶段的柱头可授性;并利用人工气候箱模拟花期低温(2 ℃/10 ℃)、常温(6 ℃/18 ℃)、高温(12 ℃/24 ℃)以及超高温(12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃)环境,研究不同温度处理对甜樱桃柱头可授性的影响。结果表明:(1)‘美早’、‘先锋’和‘萨米脱’适宜的授粉温度是常温(6 ℃/18 ℃)环境,‘红蜜’适宜的授粉温度是高温(12 ℃/24 ℃)环境,‘布鲁克斯’适宜授粉的温度范围更广,在常温(6 ℃/18 ℃)和高温(12 ℃/24 ℃)环境条件下其柱头均具有较高的活性。(2)‘红蜜’柱头对花期低温(2 ℃/10 ℃)和超高温(12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃)的抗性较强;‘布鲁克斯’和‘萨米脱’柱头对花期超高温(12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃)抗性较差;‘美早’柱头对花期低温(6 ℃/10 ℃)的抗性较强,但对花期高温(12 ℃/24 ℃)的抗性较差;‘先锋’柱头对花期低温(6 ℃/10 ℃)和超高温(12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃)均无明显抗性。研究认为,低温(2 ℃/10 ℃)对甜樱桃柱头可授性的影响主要在开花之后,而超高温(12 ℃/24 ℃/30 ℃)对整个开花过程柱头可授性的影响都很大。  相似文献   

5.
利用SSR标记鉴定西瓜杂交种纯度的研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
以2个西瓜杂交品种(系)的种子黑公子和04-17及其亲本为材料,用SSR标记技术研究杂种与其双亲之间的扩增谱带多态性,以甄别真假杂种.结果发现,所试验的52对SSR引物中有13对引物分别在2个西瓜杂交种和其双亲之间存在扩增条带的多态性,表现为:多数SSR引物对自交系的扩增只出现1条带,但部分引物在某些自交系中扩增出2条带,杂交种条带均为父母本的互补型,很适合做杂交种纯度鉴定.用引物CMCT134b对黑公子和引物CMGA165对04-17进行了各100粒单种子SSR鉴定,所测纯度分别为96%和100%,与田间纯度95.6%和99.7%非常接近,表明SSR标记技术在西瓜杂交种子纯度室内快速检测中的应用前景.  相似文献   

6.
为创制结球甘蓝-大白菜异附加系、异代换系、易位系,利用二倍体大白菜(AA,2n=20)为母本与四倍体结球甘蓝(CCCC,2n=36)杂交,通过胚挽救获得了异源三倍体杂交种(ACC,2n=28);利用SSR对杂交种进行鉴定,6株F1均能扩增出父本的特征带,表明这6株是真杂交种。异源三倍体基因组原位杂交结果表明,未加封阻时,大白菜与结球甘蓝染色体均有较强的杂交信号;当加入适当比例的封阻时,来自大白菜和结球甘蓝染色体上的杂交信号强弱有明显差别;封阻过度时,大白菜与结球甘蓝染色体的杂交信号都十分微弱。说明大白菜与结球甘蓝基因组具有较高的同源性。  相似文献   

7.
生殖隔离是阻止种间杂交、保持物种完整性和独立性的关键,对生物多样性的产生和维持有重要意义.不同物种间的生殖隔离形成阶段、方式和强度不完全相同,因而对物种间隔离机制的研究有助于揭示物种形成和维持机制.对青藏高原东缘同域分布的2种橐吾属杂草黄帚橐吾和箭叶橐吾的花期物候观察、访花昆虫观察及花粉-柱头亲和性进行研究,分析了2种橐吾多种合子前生殖隔离机制的特点及其在生殖隔离中的作用.结果表明: 黄帚橐吾种群花期比箭叶橐吾早20 d左右,虽然盛花期存在差异,但是2种群花期存在10 d左右的重叠期,并且在重叠期内2种橐吾花粉和柱头均具有活性.2种橐吾共享传粉昆虫,为泛化传粉模式,并且传粉者对2种植物的访花行为相似,存在2种植物间交叉访问.尽管2种橐吾花期不存在完全的时间隔离,也不存在完全的传粉者隔离,但2种橐吾柱头对异源花粉的亲和性差,表现为柱头对异源花粉有明显的排斥反应,异源花粉管在柱头上的生长过程明显受阻.这种花粉-柱头排异形式很有可能是2种橐吾属植物重要的合子前隔离机制,从而避免了种间的自然杂交,更好地维持了自然种群的多样性和遗传结构的稳定性.  相似文献   

8.
为揭示特早熟枇杷新品系‘川早枇杷’头花坐果率低的原因,该试验采用田间调查方法观察了‘川早枇杷’头花的开花期,并用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检验了柱头可授性、TTC法测定了花粉活力、苯胺蓝染色法观察了花粉管生长情况。结果显示:(1)‘川早枇杷’头花7月中旬进入初花期,7月下旬至8月上旬为盛花期,8月中旬至下旬为终花期,头花花期的果园气温最高、最低和平均分别为34.9℃、18.9℃和26.03℃。(2)开花当天及花后1~4d柱头具有可授性,且花后1d柱头可授性最强、花粉活力最高,以后花粉活力逐渐迅速降低。(3)自花授粉的花粉管在授粉后48h抵达花柱基部、96h到达胚珠,但数量极少。研究表明,‘川早枇杷’头花具有最佳可授性的时间较短,花粉活力降低迅速,花粉管能够抵达花柱基部和进入胚珠的数量极少,花期高温等诸多因素的综合作用可能是造成其头花坐果不良的重要原因。  相似文献   

9.
对小麦体细胞杂种F6株系Ⅰ-1-3和其亲本小麦济南177的幼苗在不同NaC1浓度处理6d时的生长量和Na^ 、K^ 含量进行了比较。结果表明:盐胁迫下杂种的生长量明显高于亲本小麦。随着盐浓度的增加,杂种和亲本的叶、茎和根中Na^ 含量均增加,但杂种叶与茎的Na^ 含量显著低于亲本,而根的却高于亲本,这可能提示杂种根部液泡较亲本有较强的储Na^ 功能。受盐胁迫的杂种叶与茎中K^ 含量显著高于亲本,K^ /Na^ 比值高。杂种的Na^ 净积累速率也高于亲本。可见杂种比亲本小麦有更强的耐盐性。  相似文献   

10.
研究了山羊草不同物种作母本,在不借助胚培等特殊措施的情况下与不含隐性可杂交基因的小麦推广品种杂交、回交及杂种自交情况,结果表明(1)山羊草物种作母本,小麦推广品种作父本进行杂交是一种很有效的方式;山羊草物种作母本容易与小麦进行杂交,但回交和自交较困难;回交与自交相比时,回交容易些;(2)同一物种的不同基因型材料在与小麦杂交、回交及杂种自交时存在大量变异;(3)杂交结实率与以后的回交或自交并不相关,但是杂种的回交和自交之间相关;(4)山羊草物种与小麦杂交、回交及其杂种自交的结实率与其染色体组构成并无明显相关.  相似文献   

11.
利用杂种优势对提高小麦单产具有重要作用,杂交小麦制种是小麦种业未来发展的重要方向之一。目前,小麦在强优势杂交组合选配方面取得较大进步。由于缺乏优异高异交结实率的制种亲本资源和高产高效杂交制种体系,导致大面积制种效率低。因此,探究杂交制种技术体系进展、亲本种质资源改良和生产流程标准化等方面的研究现状,将有利于对杂交制种发展瓶颈和未来发展方向等问题的整体把握。综述杂交小麦制种技术的影响因素,并通过商业化大田杂交作物与新型杂交小麦比较,对杂交小麦快速商业化等方面提出建议,对其发展趋势进行展望。  相似文献   

12.
The success of hybrid wheat depends greatly on the female seed production. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of two doses of a Chemical Hybridizing Agent (CHA) on the stigma receptivity. In a growth chamber, plants were hand emasculated or treated with a normal (D1) or an excessive dose (D2) of the CHA. Spikes were hand pollinated at different dates during the flowering period. The CHA did not affect significantly the female receptivity neither in duration nor in intensity. We pointed out that for the hybrid seed production there was an optimal period of 5 days. If pollination took place during this period, the seed set and the 1000 grain weight were the highest.  相似文献   

13.
Summary A new improved method for hybrid seed production was successfully tested. This method is based on using a cytoplasmic male sterile line possessing a lethal gene with action that can be easily inhibited and a female sterile pollenizer. The lethal gene ensures 100% purity of the F1 crop. The female sterile pollenizer provides a permanent abundant flowering with excess of pollen grains that leads to increased hybrid seed production without additional labour expenses. The described scheme is applicable for other crops as well.  相似文献   

14.
The effects of ascochyta blight due to Mycosphaerella pinodes on biomass production, seed number and seed weight according to physiological stage and disease intensity were examined. Pea plants were grown in a glasshouse and inoculated with various concentrations of conidia before flowering, at flowering of the second fructifer node (FLO2), at the start of seed filling of the first fructifer node (FSSA1) or the second fructifer node (FSSA2). Uninoculated plants were used as controls. Whatever the stage of inoculation (FLO2 or FSSA2), the disease reduced plant growth and the decrease depended on disease intensity on foliar organs. The seed number was reduced for plants inoculated before flowering, at FLO2 and at FSSA1 and the reduction was linked to disease intensity on foliar organs. At each node, seed number was reduced if the disease occurred before FSSA of the node. The mean seed weight per plant was decreased in plants inoculated at FSSA1 and FSSA2 and the higher the disease intensity on aerials organs, the greater was the reduction of the seed weight. For individual nodes, only inoculations after the beginning of seed filling had a negative effect on mean seed weight at harvest. We found that the decrease of seed number induced by the disease was proportional to aerial biomass production before the end of the period of seed production.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of our research is the elaboration of a simple method of tomato hybrid seed production at the development of hybrids F1 (common and parthenocarpic) on the basis of functional male sterility for ecological conditions of Belarus. The results of study of tomato flowering biology are discussed. The optimal term for pollination without emasculation of functional male sterile forms Z-313 and B-3-1-8 is the 3-6-th days and parthenocarpic functional male sterile forms B-2-2, B-2-5, B-2-6, ą-3, ą-4, Z-1-3 — the 2-4-th days after the phase of yellow-green bud. Forms with short pistil (C-9464, C-3-1, ą-2) may be used in hybrid seed production after the removal of filaments directly before pollination. The existence of a marker gene (potato leaf) gives a good possibility to reject non-hybrid seedlings.  相似文献   

16.
The development and adoption of hybrid seed technology have led to dramatic increases in agricultural productivity. However, it has been a challenge to develop a commercially viable platform for the production of hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed due to wheat's strong inbreeding habit. Recently, a novel platform for commercial hybrid seed production was described. This hybridization platform utilizes nuclear male sterility to force outcrossing and has been applied to maize and rice. With the recent molecular identification of the wheat male fertility gene Ms1, it is now possible to extend the use of this novel hybridization platform to wheat. In this report, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate heritable, targeted mutations in Ms1. The introduction of biallelic frameshift mutations into Ms1 resulted in complete male sterility in wheat cultivars Fielder and Gladius, and several of the selected male‐sterile lines were potentially non‐transgenic. Our study demonstrates the utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the rapid generation of male sterility in commercial wheat cultivars. This represents an important step towards capturing heterosis to improve wheat yields, through the production and use of hybrid seed on an industrial scale.  相似文献   

17.
Reproductive features of the valuable medicinal herbs Glycyrrhiza glabra L., G. uralensis Fisch., and G. korshinskyi Grig. were investigated; an assessment was made of the state of the reproductive systems of populations located under introduction conditions in the Central Urals and in the zone contact of the species ranges in the southern cis-Urals. The states of the male and female reproductive systems, seed productivity elements, pollination features, and the viability of seeds produced by different pollination treatments were studied. For the three Glycyrrhiza species, the seed productivity indices were found to decrease considerably starting from the early stages of development of the female reproductive system and continuing to seed maturity. A quantitative analysis of seed productivity elements taking into account the flowering duration of the species showed that the seed production system of the species is very efficient; even in the introduced populations located north of the range, it is able to produce viable seeds in years with favorable growing conditions. Qualitative and quantitative indices of the reproductive system were used to characterize samples from the zone of contact between the ranges. Embryological analysis confirmed the possibility of interspecific hybridization and the prevalence of hybrid forms among the samples. A broad distribution of interspecific hybridization in Glycyrrhiza in various parts of the ranges is assumed. Glycyrrhiza species are characterized by seed and vegetative reproduction. Vegetative reproduction is limited in space but efficiently ensures reproduction of individuals and formation of vegetative clones. Seed reproduction is characterized by indices such as amphimictic seed formation, strict entomophily, and interspecific compatibility. Seed reproduction is a factor that controls the possibility of wide propagation of the genetic material in space and, hence, the formation of mixed and hybrid populations leading to a higher intraspecific and interspecific diversity of the genus.  相似文献   

18.
The common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a poly(hexa)ploid, derived from an amphi-diploidization process involving the donor species—Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides, Triticum turgidum, and Aegilops tauschii. The genetic diversity of the autogamous wheat is narrow, which is a major reason for lesser rate of yield gain in wheat, in contrast to rice and maize. It is desirable to encourage hybrid breeding, i.e., combining different lines into genetically divergent heterotic pools. Thus, hybrid plants are a unique combination of desired alleles produced by crossing between genetically different parental lines. Hybrid seed production in a crop requires male-sterile female parents along with a reliable outcrossing system. The male-sterile female parent prevents pollen shedding and self-fertilization, maintaining the purity of hybrid seeds. An outcrossing system enhances hybrid seed production. This article emphasizes the biological relevance of crossbreeding and self-pollination in wheat, and reviews different male sterility systems which could be utilized for the development of hybrid wheat. Several biotechnological approaches and their practical utility in generating cross-compatible male-sterile female parent lines have been discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Male sterility research has been directed toward two goals: identifying genes required for the pollen development pathway and, more practically, identifying genetically stable lines that can be used in hybrid seed-breeding programs. The present resurgence of interest in male sterility remains true to these goals, but in addition seeks a molecular understanding of pollen development in order to genetically engineer controllable male sterility for hybrid seed production. In this review, we discuss the genetic and histochemical studies of tomato male sterile mutants that were conducted prior to 1970 in the context of gene expression and interaction. We also examine the use of molecular biological techniques in recent studies of male sterility and report on the current strategies being used for hybrid seed production.  相似文献   

20.
Models of hybrid zone dynamics incorporate different patterns of hybrid fitness relative to parental species fitness. An important but understudied source of variation underlying these fitness differences is the environment. We investigated the performance of two willow species and their F1, F2, and backcross hybrids using a common-garden experiment with six replicated gardens that differed in soil moisture. Aboveground biomass, catkin production, seed production per catkin, and seed germination rate were significantly different among genetic classes. For aboveground biomass and catkin production, hybrids generally had intermediate or inferior performance compared to parent species. Salix eriocephala had the highest performance for all performance measures, but in two gardens F, plants had superior or equal performance for aboveground biomass and female catkin production. Salix eriocephala and backcrosses to S. eriocephala had the highest numbers of filled seeds per catkin and the highest estimates of total fitness in all gardens. Measures of filled seeds per catkin and germination rate tend to support the model of endogenous hybrid unfitness, and these two measures had major effects on estimates of total seed production per catkin. We also estimated how the two willow species differ genetically in these fitness measures using line cross analysis. We found a complex genetic architecture underlying the fitness differences between species that involved additive, dominance, and epistatic genetic effects for all fitness measures. The environment was important in the expression of these genetic differences, because the type of epistasis differed among the gardens for above-ground biomass and for female catkin production. These findings suggest that fine-scale environmental variation can have a significant impact on hybrid fitness in hybrid zones where parents and hybrids are widely interspersed.  相似文献   

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