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1.
用HOECHST33258对华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nobilis)♀×栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)♂的受精卵进行染色,在荧光显微镜下观察其受精细胞学过程。观察表明:栉孔扇贝的精子能够使华贵栉孔扇贝卵子受精。精子入卵后呈一圆形亮点,体积稍有膨大成球形;授精后成熟卵母细胞释放出第一极体和第二极体后,精核解凝、稀疏、泡状化,形成雄性原核(male pronucleus);雌性原核(female pronucleus)在完成两次成熟分裂之后,染色质去浓缩,扩散膨大;雌雄原核相互靠拢,当雌雄原核膨胀到最大程度时,发生融合,形成合子。受精卵能够正常发育,完成第一次卵裂,卵裂时细胞核分离未观察到异常现象。与华贵栉孔扇贝和栉孔扇贝种内交配对照组相比,异源受精卵的细胞学过程明显滞后,同时其发生过程具明显的不同步现象。实验中还观察到少数的雌核发育现象。  相似文献   

2.
为了解HSP22在华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nob ilis)中的作用,本研究通过转录组数据分析和PCR验证获得了华贵栉孔扇贝HSP22基因cDNA序列(命名为CnHSP22),通过序列比对分析了HSP22氨基酸序列在不同贝类中的保守性,使用邻接法构建了HSP22的系统进化树,使用实时定量PCR (qRT-PCR)...  相似文献   

3.
盐度对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
2000年4月和2001年4月在浙江省玉环县抛西水产育苗场研究了海水盐度对墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫和稚贝生长和存活的影响。结果表明:浮游幼虫的适宜盐度为16.54—36.58,最适生长盐度为23.38—30.02;稚贝的适宜盐度为23.38—42.70,最适生长盐度为23.38—36.58。  相似文献   

4.
在水温23.2-24.0℃,盐度29.5-30.0条件下,研究了5种单胞藻饵料和饥饿对魁蚶浮游幼虫生长与存活的影响.投喂不同饵料试验中,球等鞭金藻与4种单胞藻混合投喂试验组幼虫的特定生长率、眼点幼虫比例和壳长均显著高于单一投喂试验组,其中球等鞭金藻与小球藻混合投喂的效果最好;投喂单一饵料试验中,球等鞭金藻组幼虫的生长、眼点幼虫比例与存活率显著高于其它试验组.在饥饿试验中,不同饥饿天数条件下幼虫的存活率差异不显著;生长方面,饥饿1-2d较短时间与一直投喂对照组的幼虫相比较,特定生长率、眼点幼虫比例、壳长的差异不显著,但随着饥饿时间延长,幼虫的生长变慢且眼点幼虫比例下降,一直饥饿情况下幼虫的生长基本停滞.研究结果可以为魁蚶人工苗种繁育技术的改进提供参考依据.  相似文献   

5.
栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri血细胞可分为三大类:非颗粒细胞(约34.75%)、颗粒细胞(约61.25%)和桑葚胚样细胞.非颗粒细胞可进一步分为透明细胞和成血细胞;颗粒细胞可分为嗜中性、嗜碱性和嗜酸性颗粒细胞.颗粒细胞能够吞噬酵母菌,其中嗜中性颗粒细胞吞噬能力最强.  相似文献   

6.
一株形态特殊的细菌对栉孔扇贝致病性的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为研究分离到的一株形态特殊的细菌对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)致病性,采用测定病原液蛋白含量的方法,对病原相对定量。用含200~300μg/ml蛋白的病原液进行了不同浓度梯度、同一温度和相同浓度梯度、不同温度对栉孔扇贝的致病作用的测试,结果表明:扇贝人工感染后潜伏期3~7d,死亡高峰期为5~10d,符合一般病原感染的规律。病死贝的一般病理变化与养殖海区自然发病扇贝的病理变化一致。23、26℃下该病原体对栉孔扇贝具有强致病作用。可以确定该细菌为造成栉孔扇贝大规模发病死亡的主要病原之一。  相似文献   

7.
栉孔扇贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究   总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36  
1999年 4~ 6月 ,采用室内实验生态学方法对栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究 .结果表明 ,在适宜的温度范围内 ,栉孔扇贝的耗氧率和排氨率均与温度成正比 ,而与体重呈负相关关系 .在实验室温度 (8~ 2 8℃ )条件下 ,栉孔扇贝的耗氧率为 0 .48~ 9.0 9mg·g-1·h-1,排氨率为 0 .0 5~ 1 0 1mg·g-1·h-1.其中耗氧率在 2 3℃时达到最高值 ,2 8℃时开始下降 ,而排氨率则呈持续升高趋势 .栉孔扇贝的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢 ,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高约 35 .8%和 75 .9% .  相似文献   

8.
桑沟湾栉孔扇贝生物沉积的现场测定   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
运用沉积物捕集器于桑沟湾对栉孔扇贝 (Chlamysfarreri)的生物沉积进行了现场测定 ,以评价贝类养殖对近岸生态环境的影响。结果表明 :桑沟湾栉孔扇贝具有相当高的生物沉积速率。壳高 68 1~77 9mm、软体干重 2 75~ 3 91g的栉孔扇贝 ,其生物沉积速率为 0 93~ 6 97g ind·d,平均 3 99g ind·d ;而壳高 40 8~ 67 4mm、软体干重 0 5 9~ 1 85g的栉孔扇贝生物沉积速率的变化范围为 0 5 2~ 6 42g ind·d,平均为 2 3 8g ind·d ;另外 ,壳高为 2 5 8~ 2 8 3mm、软体干重 0 1 2~ 0 1 7g的栉孔扇贝 ,其生物沉积速率在2 0 0 2年的 1 1和 1 2月以及 2 0 0 3年的 1月分别为 0 74、1 1 1和 0 1 5g ind·d。在桑沟湾 ,影响栉孔扇贝生物沉积的主要因素包括水温、悬浮颗粒物、扇贝个体大小和年龄。高密度、大规模的近岸浅海贝类养殖所产生的大量生物沉积物可能会对海区的物理、化学和生物环境产生影响。  相似文献   

9.
栉孔扇贝血液细胞的免疫功能   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
利用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜技术对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysferreri)血细胞与细胞免疫功能相关的几个因素进行了初步研究。对血细胞的数量和不同功能细胞的比例研究结果表明,健康血淋巴中血细胞的平均密度为3.03±0.11×107cell/ml,其中颗粒细胞占42.6%,透明细胞占57.4%;病贝血淋巴中血细胞的平均密度为2.78±0.34×107cell/ml,其中颗粒细胞占40.2%,透明细胞占59.8%。扫描电镜观察表明,血细胞的表面结构主要有表面光滑型,表面松果型和表面褶皱阿米巴型3类。透射电镜观察表明,颗粒细胞吞噬外源性颗粒(Ⅰ型颗粒)通过溶酶体(Ⅱ型颗粒)进行降解。并观察到同心片层结构出现在吞噬泡的降解过程中。利用APIZYM试剂盒对栉孔扇贝血细胞及血清中的19种酶进行检测,结果在血清中检测到了13种酶,在血细胞中检测到10种酶,健康血淋巴中酶的含量高于病贝。对血细胞吞噬活性的研究结果表明,血细胞对大肠杆菌和对类立克次体(RLO)的吞噬率分别为25.4%和21.7%。颗粒细胞的吞噬活性(30%-40%)远远大于透明细胞(4.8%-14%)。环境胁迫对血细胞吞噬活性的影响的研究结果表明,病原菌感染和温度、盐度等环境胁迫因素对血细胞的吞噬活性均有不同程度的影响,其中高温因素影响较大,但未发现贝龄有显著影响  相似文献   

10.
栉孔扇贝(♀)×虾夷扇贝( ♂ )受精细胞学观察   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
采用Bouin氏液固定、石蜡包埋、切片 ,用苏木精 伊红染色 ,在光学显微镜下观察栉孔扇贝 (♀ )与虾夷扇贝 (♂ )杂交的受精细胞学过程。尽管栉孔扇贝与虾夷扇贝同科不同属 ,但它们的杂交仍具有正常的受精细胞学程序。栉孔扇贝卵子处于第一次成熟分裂中期时接受虾夷扇贝的精子入卵 ,精卵混合后 6min精子入卵 ;8~ 1 0min精核略微膨胀 ;2 5~ 3 0min排出第一极体 ;1h左右 ,雌雄原核同时形成 ;1小时 3 0分钟左右 ,雌雄原核融合 ;2h左右开始卵裂。杂交过程中的精子入卵行为较本交迟缓 ,但杂交后代仍能正常发育  相似文献   

11.
杨凤  张跃环  闫喜武  张国范 《生态学报》2008,28(5):2052-2052~2059
在温度18.2~20.6℃,盐度23~25,pH 7.96~8.14 的条件下,研究了饥饿和再投喂对青蛤幼虫生长、存活及变态的影响.结果表明:在饥饿状态下,幼虫具有生长现象,且随着饥饿时间的延长,壳长逐渐接近一个常值而不再生长;幼虫可以由面盘幼虫发育到足面盘幼虫.随饥饿时间延长存活率下降;且足面盘幼虫及其变态规格、单水管稚贝规格随着饥饿时间延长而减小;幼虫的不可逆点(PNR)为12.48d;延迟变态时间长达12.7d.饥饿后再投喂相同的时间,幼虫能够恢复生长,存活的幼虫能够变态;稚贝表现出补偿生长现象,以壳长作为衡量标准,完全补偿生长能力依次为:S10>S11>S12>S1>S2>S3;超补偿生长能力依次为:S9>S8>S7>S6>S5>S4.  相似文献   

12.
Water temperatures from 15.0 to 20.0° C are recommended as the most suitable for sustained production of larval vendace, as indicated by the developmental rates, the instantaneous rates of growth, mortality, and the net biomass gain of larvae reared at eight constant temperatures from 4.8 to 22.1° C. The recommended temperatures are optimal when the available food and photoperiod are not the limiting factors. Temperatures higher than 22.0° C will cause increased mortality, whereas temperatures lower than 15.0° C, although advisable when food is limited, will retard larval growth and development.  相似文献   

13.
    
The winter energy deficit and mortality of juvenile walleye pollock at extremely cold temperature were examined by field observations and laboratory experiments. In the Doto area, along the northern coast of Japan, juvenile walleye pollock resided on the continental shelf despite extremely cold temperatures (mean 0·4° C) during the latter half of winter (March to April). Measurements of the rate of energy depletion (equivalent to the routine metabolic rate) revealed that juvenile walleye pollock consumed 37% less energy at 0·5° C than at 2·0° C, suggesting an energetic benefit of residence in cold water (<1·0° C) over the shelf during winter. Prior to the starvation experiments, temperatures and ration level in the holding tanks were adjusted to create two different body condition groups of fish. Under the thermal condition of the latter half of winter (0·5° C), fish with a mean condition factor of 0·6 and 0·5 suffered 19·1 and 74·5% mortality, respectively, at the end of the experiments (after 56 days). The residual analysis of total body energy demonstrated that the cause of mortality was mainly associated with the depletion of energy reserves. When a logistic regression model for mortality derived from the experiments was applied to wild fish collected in March, the estimated overwintering mortality in 2004 and 2005 was 25·4 and <2·3%, respectively, assuming no feeding during the winter. Considering that juvenile walleye pollock feed during winter as shown in previous studies, intense overwintering mortality induced by energy depletion is improbable during the latter half of winter in the Doto area.  相似文献   

14.
以温度为单因素变量,在人工饲养环境中,分析水温对拟目乌贼幼体日生长率与存活率的影响。实验结果表明,当水温处于28.1~32℃之间时,拟目乌贼幼体的日生长率与水温呈正相关关系;当水温处于32~32.67℃时,拟目乌贼幼体的日生长率与水温呈负相关关系;当水温处于29.5~32.6℃时,拟目乌贼幼体不易出现幼体死亡(死亡率<6.25%),适宜拟目乌贼幼体的存活;而当水温处于32.3~34℃之间时,拟目乌贼幼体出现了13.16%~61.16%的幼体死亡,不适宜拟目乌贼幼体的存活。实验结果表明,当水温处于29.5~32℃之间时,拟目乌贼幼体的存活率高(存活率>93.75%),且日生长率处于0.24%~1.76%,适宜拟目乌贼幼体的存活。  相似文献   

15.
The primers flanking 22 microsatellites isolated from a genomic library enriched for (CA)n and (GA)n were designed in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis. Ten primer pairs provided clear and polymorphic amplification products. Based on characterization with 48 individuals, the number of alleles ranged from three to six. The values of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity varied from 0 to 0.88 and from 0.29 to 0.76, respectively. No significant linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was found and six of 10 loci conformed to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These markers are therefore potentially useful for studies of the population structure of the species.  相似文献   

16.
Representatives of five genera of psychroactive oligotrophic bacteria, Arcocella, Renobacter, Spirosoma, Caulobacter, and Methylobacterium, were for the first time shown to be capable of growing at a negative temperature (–2°C). Long-term cultivation (for 116 days) at a low temperature under limitation by the carbon source is stressful for oligotrophic bacteria and leads to the death of a part of the cell population. The number of viable cells of Caulobacter crescentus decreased by two to three orders of magnitude. Over the studied period of time, Renobacter vacuolatum cells retained viability at a low temperature, whereas, at room temperature, the titer of colony-forming cells decreased by two orders of magnitude under starvation stress.Translated from Mikrobiologiya, Vol. 73, No. 6, 2004, pp. 758–762.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Slabova, Nikitin.  相似文献   

17.
Megha 《Fly》2017,11(4):290-296
The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is one of two Ca2+ channels that gates Ca2+ release from ER-stores. The ligand IP3, generated upon specific G-protein coupled receptor activation, binds to IP3R to release Ca2+ into the cytosol. IP3R also mediates ER-store Ca2+ release into the mitochondria, under basal as well as stimulatory conditions; an activity that influences cellular bioenergetics and thus, cellular growth and proliferation. In Drosophila neuroendocrine cells expressing a hypomorphic mutant of IP3R, we observed reduced protein translation levels. Here, we discuss the possible molecular mechanism for this observation. We hypothesize that the cellular energy sensor, AMPK connects IP3R mediated Ca2+ release into the mitochondria, to protein translation, via the TOR pathway.  相似文献   

18.
    
Twenty days after hatching, a single stock of Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus L.) larvae, cultured in the presence of rotifers and Artemia nauplii but showing little or no active feeding behaviour, displayed clear signs of starvation. Three groups of fish were distinguished: group I was generally pinhead-shaped, tended to swim with a spinning motion and floated vertically; group 2 lay moribund on the bottom of the tank; group 3 showed normal, active swimming behaviour. Fatty acids of total lipid extracted from groups 1 and 2 differed from group 3 in having markedly reduced percentages of 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, 20:1 and 22:1. We conclude that individuals within a single stock of cultured herring larvae respond differently to starvation and that this generates well defined behavioural differences which correlate with levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in body lipid. The implications of these observations are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Episodic increases in temperature of 5°C above 20° C, over 48 h or declines in pH of 1·0 unit from pH 7·0 reduced survival of yolk-sac and feeding-stage larvae of American shad Alosa sapidissima . Over 16 days all measures of survival, growth, and production were more favourable at each higher temperature in the 15–25° C range. More favourable responses were also obtained at the higher prey level (500 v . 50 Artemia nauplii l-1) and at the higher pH (7·5 v . 6·5). Combinations of high temperature and high prey levels, at pH 7·5, led to highest larval production. Little growth or production occurred at 15° C, regardless of pH or prey level. The effect of pH was strong with respect to survival, but weak with respect to growth. In attempts to restore American shad populations by larval stocking, release times and sites can be critical to optimize survival and eventual returns. Releases of larvae potentially will be most effective when made at temperatures >20° C, pH>7·0, and prey levels >50 1-1. These conditions are most likely to occur in Maryland tributaries of Chesapeake Bay between mid-May and early June.  相似文献   

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