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1.
元谋干热河谷生态恢复区昆虫多样性研究   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
以元谋退化生态系统初始生态恢复中人工构建植被为研究对象,在样地调查的基础上,对比分析了退化生态系统和恢复生态系统昆虫群落多样性组成与结构的恢复状况及其对人工群落类型的生态响应。结果表明,植物群落组成是影响昆虫群落多样性的关键因子。与天然植被相比,混交林促进了昆虫在退化地的扩散和定居,物种多样性明显增加。主成分分析排序将6种生境分为两大类:第Ⅰ类为赤桉纯林,代表物种单一、林下空旷、环境干燥为特点的植被;第Ⅱ类为扭黄茅草坡、车桑子灌丛及赤桉 银合欢、赤桉 相思、相思 银合欢3种混交林,代表物种相对复杂,生境偏向湿润的植被。不同生境的特有昆虫和优势昆虫种类和数量分析表明,在3种混交林中,相思 合欢恢复的效果较赤桉 相思与赤桉 合欢显著,是最好的先锋群落植物混交模式,能够较快改良生境,提高其物种多样性。但由于造林面积较小,植被恢复时间短,受人为干扰较大,昆虫多样性恢复的效果还不明显。  相似文献   

2.
袁一杨  高宝嘉    李明  袁胜亮  周国娜 《生态学报》2008,28(5):2099-2099~2106
采用AFLP技术对平泉县的1个油松-落叶松混交林和2个油松纯林中油松毛虫(Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu)的135个个体进行了遗传多样性和遗传结构的研究,并调查了3个油松林群落的各种环境条件.结果表明,纯林中油松毛虫种群的遗传多样性高于混交林中的油松毛虫种群;林木生长状况为影响不同油松纯林群落中油松毛虫种群遗传多样性的重要因素;混交林对油松毛虫种群之间的基因流有阻断作用,油松毛虫种群的基因流大小与油松林之间的物种多度呈反相关.  相似文献   

3.
商侃侃  达良俊 《生态学杂志》2013,32(7):1912-1919
漫长历史时期的气候条件对生物多样性的现代分布格局产生了深远影响,分析以孑遗植物为优势种群落的分布格局、种群更新类型与适应策略,可揭示气候变化下孑遗植物的残存机制.本文以孑遗植物的群落生态学研究为视角,在综述孑遗落叶阔叶树种的定义、分布与生境特征、种间关系、种群更新与群落维持、植物性状与生境响应的基础上,提出在区域孑遗植物多样性研究中,应从微地形-植被关系入手,应用微地形单元的分类体系与手法,以微地形单元上斑块状植物群落为对象,分析其生境特征、种群结构、群落动态以及植物性状,揭示微地形梯度孑遗植物群落的分异格局,阐明区域内多种孑遗落叶阔叶树种的共存机制;结合植物群落谱系结构分析,进一步阐明孑遗植物群落的残存机制,有助于丰富我国亚热带山地植物多样性研究及保护生态学理论.  相似文献   

4.
稻田昆虫群落是农业昆虫群落总体的重要组成部分,也是稻田生态系统的重要结构。本文综述了我国稻田昆虫群落多样性及生态调控功能研究进展。显示,我国的稻田昆虫群落研究,主要围绕天敌资源利用与水稻害虫防治两个方面,且基于水稻害虫防治中心目标开展。而且,稻田昆虫群落常被分为捕食性昆虫、寄生性昆虫、中性昆虫、水稻害虫等亚群落或功能团被研究,且昆虫群落中重要天敌昆虫种群与重要水稻害虫种群密切联系。为此,本文主要就我国稻田昆虫群落与组成、稻田昆虫多样性与资源、水稻害虫发生动态、防治方法策略与害虫生态调控、食物网营养关系与能流、采样技术方法、稻田生态安全性评价指示生物等进展进行了介绍,并指出了未来发展的方向。  相似文献   

5.
谢寿安  吕淑杰  袁锋  杨忠岐 《生态学报》2005,25(11):2961-2967
为探讨不同森林植物群落中植物类群与小蠹类群的结构特征以及小蠹类群随海拔高度而发生的变化,于2001~2003年夏季,采用取样调查法,依据海拔高度将秦岭火地塘生态定位站植物群落划分为山麓农田和侧柏群落(群落Ⅰ)、油松-华山松-锐齿栎群落(群落Ⅱ)、油松-华山松-栓皮栎群落(群落Ⅲ)、油松-华山松-辽东栎群落(群落Ⅳ),亚高山云杉林群落(群落Ⅴ),亚高山冷杉林群落(群落Ⅵ)6种类型的植物群落中,分乔木层、灌木层、草本层3个层次,分别计算出高等森林植物群落和针叶树小蠹类群的Shannon-W iener多样性指数、B erger-Parker生态优势度和P ie lou均匀度指数。结果表明,在山麓灌丛群落至针阔混交林群落之间,森林植物物种多样性指数、群落均匀度指数和物种丰富度呈递增趋势;在针阔混交林群落与亚高山云杉林群落、亚高山冷杉林群落之间,物种多样性指数、群落均匀度指数和物种丰富度呈下降趋势。从总体看,阔叶林中森林植被的多样性程度高于亚高山云杉林和冷杉林。群落优势度指数的变化规律则与之相反。不同森林群落类型中针叶树小蠹类群的多样性、均匀度和优势度研究结果表明,针叶树小蠹物种多样性指数和均匀度由高到低的排列顺序依次为:油松-华山松-栓皮栎群落、油松-华山松-锐齿栎群落、油松-华山松-辽东栎群落、亚高山云杉林群落、亚高山冷杉林群落、山麓农田侧柏群落;针叶树小蠹群落优势度的变化趋势与之相反。6种类型的植物群落中,共获得针叶树小蠹21种。讨论了小蠹这一昆虫类群对森林植物群落的指示意义、海拔高度对森林植物和小蠹组成及分布的主要影响、研究森林生态系统各部分组成及相互关系的必要性以及进一步深入研究森林群落物种多样性需要注意的问题。  相似文献   

6.
长白山阔叶红松林植物群落与昆虫群落的相互关系研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
通过季节性的观察,系统研究了长白山植物群落、昆虫群落多样性及它们之间关系。结果表明,植物群落物种丰富度指数与植食性昆虫丰富度指数呈负相关,而与捕食性天敌昆虫丰富度指数呈正相关,与寄生性天敌的丰富度指数呈负相关;昆虫群落的均匀度与植物群落的均匀度相关显著。植物群落的多样性指数与捕食性、寄生性天敌的多样性指数呈正相关。而与植食性昆虫的多样性指数呈负相关,这表明植物群落的多样性影响昆虫群落的多样性。  相似文献   

7.
农药对农区生物多样性的影响   总被引:50,自引:13,他引:37  
农药的大量使用,已造成了许多生态环境问题,其中对生物多样性的影响尤为重要.农药的不合理使用,对生物群落的结构与功能产生了严重影响,降低了生物多样性.从昆虫群落结构、土壤中无脊椎动物种群数量、微生物区系和植物群落等方面论述了农药对农业区域生物多样性的影响,并提出了合理使用农药。保护农业区域生物多样性的具体措施.  相似文献   

8.
互花米草入侵九段沙河口湿地对当地昆虫多样性的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
为认识因互花米草(Spartinaalterniflora)入侵而给九段沙河口湿地昆虫多样性带来的影响,我们于2004年5月到2005年10月间用网捕和收割植株两种方法对3个典型植物群落中昆虫多样性作了连续调查。研究期间,共采集到昆虫11,300头。经鉴定为97个种,隶属于12目69科。互花米草群落中昆虫的物种数、个体数量以及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著低于土著植物芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)群落和海三棱藨草(Scirpusmariqueter)群落中的;而Simpson优势度指数较土著植物群落中高。聚类分析结果表明:芦苇与海三棱藨草群落中昆虫群落结构更为相似。互花米草的入侵将可能导致九段沙湿地昆虫多样性的降低和群落结构的改变。  相似文献   

9.
黑龙江省东部森林群落β多样性的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
以连续带指数和集合环境梯度作为植物群落演替动态和环境质量的定量指标,探讨了黑龙江省东部森林群落β多样性随环境梯度和演替动态的变化规律.结果表明,森林群落中植物种的β多样性βZ和昆虫种的β多样性βK都随环境梯度的增加而升高,即随着环境质量升高群落间物种更替速率降低,且βK的变化滞后于βZ.βZ和βK与连续带指数(CI)呈非线性相关,在演替初期群落间物种更替速率较高,在演替中后期群落间物种的更替速率最小.βK曲线的峰值出现滞后于βZ曲线,说明森林昆虫群落多样性变化对植物群落多样性变化的依赖性  相似文献   

10.
海岛植被在全球生物多样性研究中起重要作用,研究海岛植被多样性对于理解海陆相互作用下植物群落的多样性维持机制有重要意义.本研究以庙岛群岛的麻栎群落、刺槐群落、黑松群落、荆条群落4种典型植物群落为对象,采用物种多样性指数、功能多样性指数和结构多样性指数,在群落尺度上探讨了海岛典型植物群落物种、功能、结构多样性间的关系及其对环境因子的响应.结果表明: 黑松群落的物种丰富度与Rao指数高于刺槐群落与麻栎群落,而结构多样性却较低;荆条灌丛的物种、结构多样性均低于森林群落,而功能多样性高于部分森林群落.物种丰富度与Rao指数以及树高多样性间呈显著正相关,与功能均匀度呈显著负相关.结构多样性主要由坡度决定且与坡度呈负相关;功能均匀度与坡度呈正相关,而功能异质性、功能离散度和物种多样性则更多地受土壤理化性质的影响,与土壤容重及土壤总碳呈正相关,与土壤含水率呈负相关.总体而言,庙岛群岛的植物群落多样性格局既有与大陆植被相似的特征,但也有其海岛特殊性.  相似文献   

11.
12.
We experimentally separated the effects of two components of plant diversity-plant species richness and plant functional group richness-on insect communities. Plant species richness and plant functional group richness had contrasting effects on insect abundances, a result we attributed to three factors. First, lower insect abundances at higher plant functional group richness were explained by a sampling effect, which was caused by the increasing likelihood that one low-quality group, C4 grasses, would be present and reduce average insect abundances by 25%. Second, plant biomass, which was positively related to plant functional group richness, had a strong, positive effect on insect abundances. Third, a positive effect of plant species richness on insect abundances may have been caused by greater availability of alternate plant resources or greater vegetational structure. In addition, a greater diversity of insect species, whose individual abundances were often unaffected by changes in plant species richness, may have generated higher total community abundances. After controlling for the strong, positive influence of insect abundance on insect diversity through rarefaction, insect species richness increased as plant species richness and plant functional group richness increased. Although these variables did not explain a high proportion of variation individually, plant species richness and plant functional group richness had similar effects on insect diversity and opposing effects on insect abundances, and both factors may explain how the loss of plant diversity influences higher trophic levels.  相似文献   

13.
《植物生态学报》2017,41(11):1149
Aims Based on the dataset of a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe, Jilin Province, this research compared the influences of species diversity and community structure on productivity. We aim to explain the relationship between diversity and productivity for better forest management. Methods We used the data of 10 973 woody-plants in a 11.76 hm2 large sample plot and analyzed the correlations between 7 different indices of species diversity or community structure and productivity. Structural equation model was used to compare the effects of species diversity and community structure on productivity. Important findings The results showed that: (1) Both species diversity and community structure had significant effects on productivity when they were considered separately in linear regression analysis, i.e. species evenness was negatively correlated with productivity, the Shannon index of community structure was positively correlated with productivity and the Gini index was negatively correlated with productivity. (2) In the structural equation model, when simultaneously considered, community structure had stronger influence on productivity than species diversity. Our research suggests that, the effects of community structure on productivity are greater than species diversity and it is important to increase community structure complexity to improve forest productivity during forest management.  相似文献   

14.
浙江仙居俞坑森林群落研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
金则新 《植物研究》2001,21(3):470-476
浙江仙居俞坑森林群落植物种类丰富,优势种不明显,群落中植物种类以常绿阔叶树种为主,落叶阔叶成分也有一定比例。各样地植物种类相似性很低,组成很不一致。群落垂直结构复杂,地上成层明显。群落乔木层物种多样性指数较高,各样地间多样性指数测值变幅较大。样地内的优势种群中常绿阔叶树种的年龄结构呈稳定型或增长型、而落叶树种的年龄结构呈衰退型。乔木层各优势种群的分布格局多呈随机分布或均匀分布。  相似文献   

15.
为研究近自然森林经营下的樟子松人工林不同林分类型对昆虫群落多样性的影响,本文以塞罕坝自然保护区内的樟子松纯林与混交林作为研究对象,对5种林分类型(樟子松、樟子松-落叶松、樟子松-白桦、樟子松-山荆子、樟子松-落叶松-白桦-山荆子-山刺玫)中的昆虫多样性进行分析.共获得昆虫标本9617头,隶属于7目70科195种,以双翅目、半翅目和鞘翅目为优势类群.5种不同林分类型中的昆虫物种均比较丰富,且各林分类型之间的昆虫群落结构均处于中等不相似水平,樟子松混交林内的昆虫物种数和个体数均高于纯林,但昆虫群落特征指数在不同林分类型之间无显著差异.主成分分析显示,植食性类群、捕食性类群和寄生性类群是构成昆虫群落结构的主要成分,且捕食性和寄生性等天敌类群对植食性类群的制约作用较强,各林分内昆虫群落结构均具有较高的稳定性.  相似文献   

16.
灭幼脲Ⅲ号对马尾松林昆虫群落多样性的影响研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
1995年7月至1996年6月在湘中丘陵区马尾松林内用灭幼脲Ⅲ号作的喷药试验结果表明,灭幼脲Ⅲ号不仅直接影响鳞翅目昆虫的物种组成主多样性水平,而且对膜翅目昆虫(主要是蚂蚁)和蜘蛛的物种组成及多样性水平有间接影响。在时间过程中,施药区鳞翅目和直翅目昆虫的多样性水平有一定程度的下降,但下降程度不如对照区大,膜翅目和蜘蛛的多样性水平则有较大程度的上升,因此林内昆虫群落趋于相对稳定。由于药剂对蚜虫种群无影  相似文献   

17.
Abstract  Natural enemies play an important role in inhibiting population growth of pine caterpillar, but they are difficult to be used in systematic management models. This paper attempts to use some forest stand factors to substitute the effect of natural enemies, which could be used in management models. Through the studies from more than 200 stand plots with different stand conditions in Qu County, Changshan County, and Longyou County of Zhejiang Province, 16 predominant species groups from insect community were selected, and the canonical correlation coefficient between the diversity index, species number, individual number of predominant species and the stand factors was analyzed. The results indicated that the canopy density and ground vegetation were the key stand factors for characterizing the function of insect community. The forest area was divided into four types according to the variation of canopy and vegetation conditions by using cluster analysis. The regression models between the rate of variation of pine caterpillar density and the forest factors including canopy density and vegetation covers were developed in each type of forests. There were significant differences in diversity index, species number, individual number of insect community and population density of pine caterpillar among four types of forests, and correlation coefficients of the four regression models were rather high ( r =0. 924 — 0. 964). This means that the classification of the forest stands is reasonable and the stand factors can characterize the effect of natural enemies in practice.  相似文献   

18.
以昆虫作为指示生物评估森林健康的生物学与生态学基础   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
昆虫是森林生物多样性的重要组成部分,在森林生态系统主体群落中,昆虫与植物密切关联.森林害虫胁迫及昆虫多样性变动,对于评估森林生态系统健康状况具有重要价值.昆虫多样性可用于对森林生态系统健康的快速评估,如基于昆虫指示生物评价森林生态系统的毒害水平、物种丰富度、多样性水平、靶标昆虫的地位和特有种水平等.针对影响森林环境健康的重要干扰因子,本文阐述了应用昆虫作为指示性生物监测与评估森林健康状况的生物与生态学依据,讨论了昆虫种群,特别是珍稀物种种群在生境破碎干扰下的种群波动,以及大气污染、干旱和二氧化碳浓度升高等对昆虫种群密度与分布的影响等.同时,分析了昆虫作为指示性生物监测与评估森林环境健康所存在的问题.  相似文献   

19.
Community genetics aims to understand the effects of intraspecific genetic variation on community composition and diversity, thereby connecting community ecology with evolutionary biology. Thus far, research has shown that plant genetics can underlie variation in the composition of associated communities (e.g., insects, lichen and endophytes), and those communities can therefore be considered as extended phenotypes. This work, however, has been conducted primarily at the plant genotype level and has not identified the key underlying genes. To address this gap, we used genome‐wide association mapping with a population of 445 aspen (Populus tremuloides) genets to identify the genes governing variation in plant traits (defence chemistry, bud phenology, leaf morphology, growth) and insect community composition. We found 49 significant SNP associations in 13 Populus genes that are correlated with chemical defence compounds and insect community traits. Most notably, we identified an early nodulin‐like protein that was associated with insect community diversity and the abundance of interacting foundation species (ants and aphids). These findings support the concept that particular plant traits are the mechanistic link between plant genes and the composition of associated insect communities. In putting the “genes” into “genes to ecosystems ecology”, this work enhances understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms that underlie plant–insect associations and the consequences thereof for the structure of ecological communities.  相似文献   

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