中国贵州省穴居盲鳅一新种(鲤形目,爬鳅科)

记述了采集于贵州省荔波县佳荣镇水井湾溶洞(25°28’N,108°06’E)适应洞穴环境的鳅类1新种:佳荣盲高原鳅Triplophysa jiarongensis sp.nov.。新种与之前记录的7种分布于西江水系的高原鳅(阿庐高原鳅、个旧盲高原鳅、长须盲高原鳅、巨头高原鳅、邱北盲高原鳅、石林盲高原鳅和天峨高原鳅)同属典型洞穴鱼类,都具有一系列与洞穴环境有关的适应性特征。新种与本属其它种类的区别主要为:胸鳍长,后伸达腹鳍起点;尾鳍微凹形;体表色素退化,光滑裸露无鳞;背鳍截形,起点位于腹鳍起点略后方;腹鳍后伸盖过泄殖孔;臀鳍截形;尾柄上下缘存在脂状鳍褶;背鳍分支鳍条8;臀鳍分支鳍条6;胸鳍分支鳍条11;脊椎骨总数4+34;眼完全退化,外观无痕迹;鳔前室被骨质鳔囊包裹,后室发达膨大呈游离膜质鳔。此外还介绍了其栖息地概况和部分生态学信息。     

广西高原鳅属鱼类一穴居新种记述

2003年1月,在广西壮族自治区天峨县红水河水系地下河采集到一批盲鱼标本。经鉴定,为高原鳅属Triplophysa一未经发表的新种。新种天峨高原鳅Triplophysa tianeensis sp．nov．与个旧盲高原鳅T．gejiuensis、石林盲高原鳅T．shilinensis、阿庐高原鳅T．aluensis和南丹高原鳅T．nandanensis相似;本新种腹鳍末端不达肛门,尾鳍分枝鳍条16,可进一步与个旧盲高原鳅和石林盲高原鳅(腹鳍末端达到肛门,尾鳍分枝鳍条14-15)相区别;本新种背鳍起点位于体之中点、腹鳍起点之后,肛门紧靠臀鳍起点,可进一步与阿庐高原鳅(背鳍起点靠近吻端、位于腹鳍起点之前,肛门距臀鳍起点仍有一段距离)相区别。本新种与同分布于红水河水系的南丹高原鳅Triplophysa nandanensis Lan et al.较为相似;但二者区别明显：新种背鳍分枝鳍条7、胸鳍分枝鳍条9、腹鳍分枝鳍条6、背鳍外缘平截、背鳍起点位于腹鳍起点之后,后者背鳍分枝鳍条8、胸鳍分枝鳍条10～11、腹鳍分枝鳍条7、背鳍外缘凹入、背鳍起点位于腹鳍起点之前;此外,新种的穴居特征更为显著：眼极度退化、头长为眼径16．8—32．8(25．0)倍、部分个体无色素斑且各鳍无斑点,而南丹高原鳅眼小、头长为眼径4．7～9．0(7．5)倍、体和头背侧密布云状斑且各鳍均具点状斑。     

中国云南高原鳅属洞穴盲鱼一新种——邱北盲高原鳅

2002年和2006年,在云南省邱北县腻脚村一喀斯特洞穴深处各采到一批盲鳅标本,经鉴定,为高原鳅属(Triplophysa)一未记录的新种--邱北盲高原鳅。新种具有的特殊头形及可数性状等特征,与中国已记录的穴居高原鳅均不同,而与分布于金沙江水系的前鳍高原鳅(T.anterodorsalis Cao et Zhu)相近,但新种有下列特征可与之相区别:1)无眼vs.眼正常;2)背鳍分枝鳍条7vs.8-9;3)尾叉形vs.尾微凹。新种与同水系(南盘江)的大斑高原鳅(T.macromaculata Yang)也较相近,但可与之相区别:1)无眼vs.有眼;2)无色素vs.有斑;3)尾叉形vs.尾微凹。     

西藏高原鳅、细尾高原鳅和异尾高原鳅消化道结构的比较

运用解剖学、组织学方法比较研究西藏高原鳅(Triplophysa tibetana)、细尾高原鳅(Triplophysa stenura)和异尾高原鳅(Triplophysastewarti) 3种高原鳅的消化道结构。结果表明: (1)3种高原鳅的消化道均由口咽腔、食道、胃、肠组成。胃“U”型, 无幽门盲囊, 肠道短, 可分为前、中、后三个部分。异尾高原鳅胃长与消化道长比值最大, 比肠长最短, 为0.51±0.07, 与西藏高原鳅比肠长0.64±0.08和细尾高原鳅比肠长0.70±0.06, 差异显著。(2)异尾高原鳅胃黏膜层相对高度大于西藏高原鳅和细尾高原鳅, 肌肉层相对厚度也比其他2种鱼厚。前肠黏膜层为异尾高原鳅相对高度最大, 肌肉层为西藏高原鳅相对最厚。中肠与后肠黏膜层相对厚度由大到小为异尾高原鳅>细尾高原鳅>西藏高原鳅。综上所述, 3种高原鳅的消化道结构均符合肉食性鱼类特征, 推测异尾高原鳅的结构特征适于消化更多的动物性饵料。     

贵州高原鳅属鱼类二新种(鲤形目：鳅科：条鳅亚科)

描述高原鳅属鱼类2新种,即鼻须高原鳅Triplophysa nasobarbatula sp.nov.和贞丰高原鳅Triplophysa zhenfengensis sp.nov.,采自贵州省荔波县和贞丰县（均属西江水系）。前者与云南高原鳅Tripliophysa yunnanensis Yang相似,后者与鼻须高原鳅Triplophysa nasobarbatula sp.nov.相似,正模标本均保存在遵义医学院生物学教研室。     

无眼金线鲃及其性状演化

无眼金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus是继我国个旧盲条鳅、无眼平鳅、裸腹盲鲃之后发现的第四种盲鱼。与近似种小孔金线鲃相比,该新种侧线鳞较少。由于它长期生活在黑暗的石灰岩溶洞之中,引起某些性状的适应性变异:眼睛消失;体无色素;鳞片退化,感觉器官特别发达。形态比较结果表明,无眼金线鲃是类似小孔金线鲃的祖先进入地下伏流后,适应黑暗环境而形成的一个种,为本属鱼类进化过程中的一个特化分支。     

云南怒江高原鳅属鱼类一新种记述

2000年7月和2004年7月,分别在云南省怒江傈僳族自治州和保山市怒江干流采集到一批高原鳅标本。经鉴定,为高原鳅属Triplophysa一未经发表的新种。新种怒江高原鳅Triplophysa(Triplophysa)nujiangensa sp．nov．在形态特征和食性方面与唐古拉高原鳅、斯氏高原鳅、粗唇高原鳅和细尾高原鳅较为相似。本新种身体相对短圆,头部近圆筒形,吻端钝圆,颊部正常,吻部在鼻孔之前明显向下倾斜,下颌铲状,边缘锐利而水平,上唇缘无突起,下唇中央中断,后部无突起,眼间隔稍隆起,眼问距为尾柄高0．6～0．8倍,第一鳃弓内侧鳃耙10～19,肠绕折3个环,前背长为体长71．1％～77．2％,体长为头长4．6．5．5倍,偶鳍短圆,背鳍分枝鳍条8根,胸鳍分枝鳍条10～11根,腹鳍末端不达肛门,尾鳍高度向尾鳍方向不明显降低,尾柄起点处的宽小于该处的高,尾柄长为尾柄高1．6～2．8倍,胸鳍长为胸腹鳍起点间距47．5％～63．5％,尾鳍内凹。本文列出了中国高原鳅属5种铲状下颌种类的检索表,本新种可藉之与这些相似种相区别。     

青藏高原高原鳅属鱼类两新种(鲤形目:鳅科)

1956年9月和1976年4月分别在青海省乌兰县的茶卡和西藏改则县的茶错(湖)支流采得一批鳅科(Cobitidae)鱼类,经鉴定是属于条鳅亚科(Noemacheilinae)的两新种茶卡高原鳅Triplophysa cakaensis sp.nov.和改则高原鳅Triplophysa gerzeensis sp.nov.,后者是由中国科学院水生生物研究所陈宣瑜同志采得。模式标本保存在中国科学院水生生物研究所。兹将新种描述如下:     

穴居盲副鳅及其性状演化

１９９５年由Ｇ．Ａｌｊａｎｃｉｃ先生在贵州荔波溶洞采到３尾体呈半透明、无眼睛的全穴居鱼类标本,经鉴定为副鳅属中的１新种,依特征命名为长须盲副鳅Ｐａｒａｃｏｂｉｔｉｓ ｌｏｎｇｉｂａｒｂａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。形态特征的分析表明：洞穴鱼类的性状演化,反映了物种对黑暗环境的适应性变异,同时也表达了物种适应辐射的结果,体现了性状在演化中趋同和趋异的双重意义。     

高原特有条鳅鱼类两新种在广西的发现及其动物地理学意义

描述了采自广西都安县红水河水系的条鳅亚科鱼类2个新种：丽纹云南鳅yhnnanilus pulcherrimussp．nov．在侧线长度、鳞片分布、鳍条数目、尾型、吻须长度等方面与侧纹云南鳅yunnanilus pleurotaenia(Regan,1904)最为相似,但新种独特的斑纹和上下唇的长乳突可明显与之区别,二者在一些度量特征上也有区别。黄体高原鳅Triplophysa flavicorpus sp．nov．与同分布于西江水系的南丹高原鳅T．nandanensis Lan et al．较为相似,并以下列特征组合与高原鳅属所有已知种相区别：背鳍分枝鳍条10根、臀鳍分枝鳍条6～7根、体被细鳞、侧线完全、具6条宽横斑和1条沿侧线的细纵纹、尾鳍深分又、尾鳍基具1半圆形黑斑、尾鳍上下叶各具2条黑色横斑、腹鳍末端后伸超过肛门、腋部具发达的肉质鳍瓣、上唇中央完全中断等。云南鳅属和高原鳅属均是高原特有类群,前者仅分布于云南东中部地区,后者则集中分布于青藏高原。两个新种的分布地均远离这两个属的分布中心,而且呈间断分布。通过各自相近种谱系关系分析,推测这种特殊的分布格局是通过隔域分化形成的。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.