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1.
不同浓度的硫酸铜采用不同时间处理三角帆蚌,发现硫酸铜对珍珠的光泽影响很大,使骨珠的百分率上升,其上升幅度与硫酸鲷折浓度大小4及处理时间的长短有相关性。外套膜与珍珠囊细胞也受到损伤,并显示出一定的浓度梯度差异,硫酸铜处理35d,珍珠囊表皮细胞萎缩、高度参差不齐、甚至溃烂;外套膜内表皮细胞形态破坏较外表皮严重,其大颗粒细胞数目以及酸性粘多糖减少;外表皮细胞的中性粘多糖减少,而酸性粘多糖的比例有所上升;  相似文献   

2.
背角无齿蚌珍珠囊形成过程中钙代谢的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文采用同位素活体标记、人工育珠、普通石蜡切片和放射自显影的方法,对一种淡水育珠河蚌──背角无齿蚌珍珠囊形成过程中的钙代谢途径进行了研究,结果表明,由植入小片带入的钙在珍珠囊形成的过程中,主要代谢途径是:(1)随小片细胞脱落而进入游走细胞;(2)从小片进入初生珍珠囊,初生珍珠囊脱落后进入游走细胞;(3)从小片进入育珠蚌结缔组织,其中一部分再进入育珠蚌表皮,随粘液和壳质分泌;另一部分则进入次生珍珠囊表皮,分泌成为珍珠质的组成部分。实验结果说明了小片中的钙要参与育珠蚌组织的钙代谢,小片的质量对珍珠形成有重要的作用。  相似文献   

3.
企鹅珍珠贝彩虹珠的研究初报   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
毛勇  梁飞龙  符韶  余祥勇  叶富良  邓陈茂 《动物学杂志》2004,39(1):100-102,F002
利用企鹅珍珠贝培育出了不同颜色的天然彩色珍珠,俗称“彩虹珠”,并对其形状及颜色进行了描述。“彩虹珠”颜色的形成与企鹅珍珠贝贝壳珍珠层的本身色泽及插核小片的位置有关,其珍珠质的分泌速度也较快,经3个月育珠,珠层厚度可达300μm以上,经9个月育珠可达890μm。但由于插核部位狭小,现有的技术水平还不能生产大型珍珠。  相似文献   

4.
30年代日本小林等对珍珠贝外套膜组织结构及珍珠囊形成组织学作过观察,指出了外套膜、外表皮(壳侧表皮)与珍珠囊表皮细胞形态上存在着明显差异及细胞分泌特点;后经许多珍珠学者不断拓展,逐步形成了目前已基本上定论的珍珠分泌组织学及分泌机制。作者观察到几种淡水河蚌外套膜组织及一些尚未被描述的分泌结构:这些物质与外表皮分泌物一致,能够解释贝类组织学及珍珠(贝壳)形成机制上的一些重要问题,且在某些见解上与上述文献报道有较多出入。因此,有必要对实验结果作分析报道,供今后进一步研究作参考。  相似文献   

5.
背角无齿蚌珍蛛囊形成过程中钙代谢的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文采用同位素活体标记、人工育珠、普通石蜡切片和放射自显影的方法,对一种淡水育珠河蚌-背角无齿蚌珍珠囊形成过程中的钙代谢途径进行了研究,结果表明,由植入小片带入的钙在珍珠囊形成的过程中,主要代谢途径是:(1)随小片细胞脱落而进入游走细胞;(2)从小片进入初生珍珠囊,初生珍珠囊脱落后进入游走细胞;(3)从小片进入育珠蚌结缔组织,其中一部分再进入育珠蚌表皮,随粘液和壳质分泌;另一部分则进入次生珍珠囊表  相似文献   

6.
畸形珍珠和污珠产生的原因分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
珍珠质量表现在“圆”、“光”、“大”、“彩”上,也就是说,珍珠形状要圆,颗粒要大,其全身呈闪烁珠光且具宜人的色彩。但是一般生产上会产生污珠、无光泽的珠以及大量不规则的畸形珍珠,造成大量废珠和质量低劣的珍珠。  相似文献   

7.
本文采用H.E染色法和酶组织化学方法,对背角无齿蚌珍珠囊形成过程的组织学和酶组织化学的变化情况进行了研究,证实了“初生珍珠囊”的形成和溶解及“次生珍珠囊”的形成,并推没“次生珍珠囊”表皮细胞是由育珠蚌结缔组织转化而来的;观察了育珠手术后九种酶在珍珠囊形成的各个阶段和在珍珠囊和育珠蚌不同部位的变化情况,说明了珍珠囊珙成过程是与复杂的能量代谢,物质代谢及物质转运等有关的生理生化过程。  相似文献   

8.
以圆前角无齿蚌为材料,采用外套膜小片的异体移植与加入血细胞的体外培养,研究了血细胞在体风,唯物 修复及珍珠囊构建中的功能。结果表明人工育珠手术后的损伤修复中,血细胞有形成无颗粒细胞层修复伤口、6诱导表皮细胞迁移和再生并形成珍珠囊的功能,而在体外的组织培养中加入血细胞比不加入血细胞的对照组,能更快地诱导上皮细胞迁移和再生,在整个伤面形成2覆盖层,即形成类似珍珠囊结构。本文首次在国内、外报道了用细胞培  相似文献   

9.
珠毛蟹甲草的大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
珠毛蟹甲草 ( Parasenecio roborowskii)是菊科千里光族中款冬亚族蟹甲草属的一种植物 ,在藏药上全草入药 ,有治疗哮喘等疾病 〔1〕之功效。本文首次观察了珠毛蟹甲草的大小孢子发生、雌雄配子体的发育 ,旨在为开发与利用该种植物提供有性生殖过程方面的基础资料。1  小孢子发生与雄配子体发育花药有 4个药室。小孢子母细胞来源于花药原基的下表皮细胞。孢原细胞经平周分裂形成初生壁细胞和初生造孢细胞。初生壁细胞平周分裂形成两层 :内层发育为绒毡层细胞 ,外层再分裂一次形成药室内壁与中层 ,成熟的花药壁细胞由表皮、药室内壁、中层和…  相似文献   

10.
三角帆蚌外套膜及珍珠囊的组织学初步观察   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
近些年来,人们对海水马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)和淡水池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)等双壳类外套膜及珍珠囊进行了组织学、组织化学和体外培养等的研究,然而结合河蚌人工育珠方面的报道却不多。事实上,欲提高淡水珍珠质量虽取决于多种因素,但其中与取供体蚌中的外套膜外表皮制作植片用的小片部位,以及珍珠囊的形态结构有着非常密切的关系。因此,本文旨在能对提高河蚌人工育珠的质量提供一些参考。  相似文献   

11.
For pearl culture, the pearl oyster is forced open and a nucleus is implanted into the gonad with a mantle graft. The outer mantle epithelial cells of the implanted mantle graft elongate and surrounding the nucleus a pearl sac is formed. Shell matrix proteins secreted by the pearl sac play an important role in the regulation of pearl formation. Recently, seven shell matrix proteins were identified from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. However, there is a paucity of information on the function of these proteins and their gene expression patterns. Our study aims to elucidate the relationship between pearl type, quality, and gene expression patterns of six shell matrix proteins (msi60, n16, nacrein, msi31, prismalin-14, and aspein) in the pearl sac based on real-time PCR analysis. After culturing for about 2 months, the pearl sac tissues were collected from 22 individuals: 12 with high quality (HP), nine with low quality (LP), and one with organic (ORG) pearl formation. The surface of each of the 12 HP pearls was composed only of a nacreous layer; in contrast, that of the nine LP pearls was composed of nacreous and prismatic layers. The six target gene expressions were detected in all individuals. However, delta threshold cycle (ΔC T) for msi31 was significantly higher in the HP than in the LP individuals (Mann–Whitney’s U test, p = 0.02). This means that the relative expression level of msi31, which constitutes the framework of the prismatic layer, was higher in the LP than in the HP individuals.  相似文献   

12.
Most bivalves species of the genus Pinctada are well known throughout the world for production of white or black pearls of high commercial value. For cultured pearl production, a mantle allograft from a donor is implanted into the gonad of a recipient oyster, together with a small inorganic bead. Because of the dedifferentiation of cells during the first steps of the host oyster's immunological reaction, so far the fate of the graft and its exact role in the process of pearl formation could not be determined via classical histological methods. Here we report the first molecular evidence of the resilience of the graft in the recipient organism by showing that cells containing genome from the donor are still present at the end of pearl formation. These results suggest the existence of a unique biological cooperation leading to the successful biomineralization process of nacreous secretion in pearl formation.  相似文献   

13.
不同pH值对三角帆蚌珍珠质分泌的影响   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
邱安东  石安静 《动物学报》1999,45(4):361-370
运用多种组织化学方法和透射电镜技术,研究了5种pH水环境(pH5、6、7、8、9)对三角帆砷外套膜珍珠质分泌的影响机制,结果表明,在中性水环境中,贝体能积极地从外界水环境中吸收钙,并能旺盛地合成和分泌贝壳珍珠层及珍珠有机基质前体物质,持续的酸性水环境导致贝体的钙严重丢失,并引起珍珠质分泌细胞对有机基质前体物质的合成和分泌能力减弱,持续的碱性水环境虽能导致贝体对钙的积累,但珍珠质分泌细胞合成和分泌珍  相似文献   

14.
To study the function of pearl oyster matrix proteins in nacreous layer biomineralization in vivo, we examined the deposition on pearl nuclei and the expression of matrix protein genes in the pearl sac during the early stage of pearl formation. We found that the process of pearl formation involves two consecutive stages: (i) irregular calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) deposition on the bare nucleus and (ii) CaCO(3) deposition that becomes more and more regular until the mature nacreous layer has formed on the nucleus. The low-expression level of matrix proteins in the pearl sac during periods of irregular CaCO(3) deposition suggests that deposition may not be controlled by the organic matrix during this stage of the process. However, significant expression of matrix proteins in the pearl sac was detected by day 30-35 after implantation. On day 30, a thin layer of CaCO(3), which we believe was amorphous CaCO(3), covered large aragonites. By day 35, the nacreous layer had formed. The whole process is similar to that observed in shells, and the temporal expression of matrix protein genes indicated that their bioactivities were crucial for pearl development. Matrix proteins controlled the crystal phase, shape, size, nucleation and aggregation of CaCO(3) crystals.  相似文献   

15.
16.
17.
珍珠及珍珠层的化学成分比较研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
本文对不同产地及不同等级的淡水养殖褶纹冠蚌、三角帆蚌珍珠以及珍珠层中的氨基酸和微量元素进行了对比分析,结果表明,珍珠的来源不同,其氨基酸的种类及含量不同,各种微量元素的含量也有差异。研究表明,珍珠的等级与化学成分含量无相关性。  相似文献   

18.
The shell of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, consists of two layers, the prismatic layer on the outside and the nacreous layer on the inside, both of which comprise calcium carbonate and organic matrices. Previous studies indicate that the nacreous organic matrix of the central layer of the framework surrounding the aragonite tablet is beta-chitin, but it remains unknown whether organic matrices in the prismatic layer contain chitin or not. In the present study, we identified chitin in the prismatic layer of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, with a combination of Calcofluor White staining with IR and NMR spectral analyses. Furthermore, we cloned a cDNA encoding chitin synthase (PfCHS1) that produces chitin, contributing to the formation of the framework for calcification in the shell.  相似文献   

19.
Samata T  Hayashi N  Kono M  Hasegawa K  Horita C  Akera S 《FEBS letters》1999,462(1-2):225-229
We have isolated a new matrix protein family (N16) which is specific to the nacreous layer of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, and have cloned and characterized the cDNAs coding for the components. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that N16 showed no definitive homology with other proteins. The in vitro studies of the crystallization clarified that N16 induced aragonite crystals when fixed on the substrate but inhibited crystal formation without it. The aragonite crystals showed platy morphology different from those formed inorganically, and long intervals of incubation resulted in crystalline layers highly similar to the nacreous layer.  相似文献   

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