丛枝菌根（AM）对无性繁殖茶苗生长及茶叶品质的影响

采用温室盆栽试验,分别接种丛枝菌根（AM）真菌Acaulospora lavis（光壁无梗球囊霉,菌号：34）、Glomus manihot（木薯球囊霉,菌号：38） 和Glomus caledonium（苏格兰球囊酶,菌号：90036）,观察AM对枝条繁殖茶苗生长和茶叶品质的影响。试验持续14个月。结果表明,接种AM真菌明显促进了无性繁殖茶苗的生长,无论是株高还是地上、地下干重都高于不接种者（CK）,且差异达极显著水平（P<0.01）。AM对茶树吸收无机元素有明显的促进作用,尤其是对P、Ca、Mg等的吸收。接种AM真菌的茶苗根际细菌、放线菌数量和酸性磷酸酶活性都明显高于CK。接种AM真菌还提高了茶叶水浸出物、氨基酸、咖啡碱 和茶多酚的浓度,改善了茶叶的品质。     

四川遂宁地区石油污染土壤中丛枝菌根真菌

调查了四川遂宁地区磨溪油田石油污染土壤中丛枝菌根(AM)真菌资源和菌根发育状况。结果表明:调查的14种植物中13种能形成AM,占93%,共分离出AM真菌19种,隶属球囊霉属(Glomus)、无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)和原囊霉属(Archeospora),其中球囊霉属为该地区优势属,缩球囊霉(Glomus constrictum)和摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae)为优势种;植物根际土壤孢子密度在39~548个.100g-1土,平均为197个.100g-1土;菌根侵染率为17%~69%,菌根侵染强度为2%~24%,表明石油污染区植物具有较强的菌根依赖性。相关性分析表明,石油污染浓度与孢子密度呈显著负相关,与菌根侵染率及侵染强度无相关性。寄主植物一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)和艾蒿(Artemisia argyi)在石油污染浓度为11450和14950mg.kg-1时侵染率仍高达69%和47%,可能是抗石油胁迫的优势植物。     

我国北方农田土壤中AM真菌的多样性

AM真菌是农业生态系中一类重要的土壤微生物,它在农田土壤中的发生和分布受多种环境因素的影响。为深入了解我国北方农田土壤中AM真菌的多样性规律,于2000年在河北、山东的农田土壤中采集有代表性的土样127个。通过进一步扩繁、纯化,从中分离出AM真菌5属22种,鉴定了20个种,包括一个国内新记录种沾屑球囊霉(Glomus spurcum)。分析AM真菌的多样性特点及其影响因素发现,农田土壤中以球囊霉属(Glomus)的频度最高,其次为无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora);优势种类为幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae).土壤速效磷含量、pH状况主要对孢子密度产生影响,对种群分布影响不大。宿主植物类型对AM真菌的侵染状况和多样性影响较大;比较玉米(Zea mays)、甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)根区AM真菌的种群组成后发现两者有所不同,但优势种一致.     

茂兰地区白茅丛枝菌根真菌多样性及其对紫花苜蓿的接种效应研究

对贵州省荔波茂兰国家自然保护区内优势草本植物白茅(Imperata cylindrica)根际丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizal,AM)真菌多样性,优势种对紫花苜蓿的接种效应进行研究。结果表明:AM真菌对白茅根系的菌根侵染率为91.3%,白茅根际土壤共分离AM真菌2属35种,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)18种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulos pora)17种,黑球囊霉(Glomus melanosporum)、聚生球囊霉(G.fasciculatum)、红色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora capcicula)为优势AM真菌。以三叶草扩繁优势菌种,接种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa),均显著提高了生长量和超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性。     

接种AM真菌对PAEs污染土壤中微生物和酶活性的影响

土壤灭菌条件下 ,添加 5 0mg·kg-1DEHP和 5 0mg·kg-1DBP ,在温室进行盆栽试验 ,观察土壤施加DEHP与DBP和接种AM真菌 (Acaulosporalavis,光壁无梗球囊霉 ,菌号 :34)后菌根际 (简称A)、菌丝际 (简称B)和常规土 (简称C)中土壤微生物和部分土壤酶活性的变化。结果表明 ,土壤施加DEHP和DBP后 ,A、B和C层土中土壤微生物数量和土壤酶含量下降 ;接种AM真菌后 ,受AM直接影响的A和B层土中细菌、放线菌和真菌数量比不接种低 ,而C层土中三菌数量比不接种高 ;A和B层土中中性磷酸酶和脲酶含量下降 ,脱氢酶含量在A、C层土中下降 ,在B层土中稍有增加 ,AM对土壤脱氢酶活性影响不大。接种AM真菌没有降低DEHP和DBP对土壤微生物生长和土壤酶活性不利影响的程度     

内蒙古草原常见植物根围AM真菌

调查了内蒙古草原地区常见植物根围丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的资源状况。共分离鉴定出Acaulospora属2种,Glomus属19种,Scutellospora属1种;其中布氏球囊霉Glomus brohultii是我国新记录种。     

西双版纳地区龙脑香科植物AM真菌的初步研究

 对云南省西双版纳地区17种龙脑香科树种根系丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM）真菌的定居情况进行了调查,并对根围土壤中AM真菌进行了分离和鉴定。结果表明,调查根样均有不同程度的菌根感染,感染率最高可达40%,调查揭示了西双版纳地区龙脑香科植物在自然条件下可形成丛枝菌根。初步从龙脑香科植物根际土壤中分离、鉴定出32种AM真菌,隶属于无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）、球囊霉属（Glomus）、原囊霉属（Achaeospora）、拟球囊霉属（Paraglomus）和盾巨孢囊霉属（Scutellospora）,其中,无梗囊霉属和球囊霉属真菌为西双版纳地区龙脑香科植物AM真菌优势类群。     

大兴安岭落叶松林丛枝菌根真菌多样性

对大兴安岭落叶松林17个科26种植物丛枝菌根(AM)定居情况和丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)多样性进行了调查。在26种植物根样中形成典型AM定居的有23种,占88.46%。菌根侵染率为0～78.7%,平均为21.69%。在26种植物根样中,4种植物形成重楼型(Par-is-type)AM,占15.38%;10种植物形成疆南星型(Arum-type)AM,占38.46%;9种植物形成中间型(Intermediatetype)AM,占34.62%,3种植物未能形成AM菌根,占11.54%。从23种植物根围土样中分离到50种AMF,分属于5个属,其中无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)24种占48%;球囊霉属(Glomus)19种占38%;内养囊霉属(Entrophospora)5种占10%;原囊霉属(Archaeospora)1种占2%;巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)1种占2%。Acaulospora和Glomus2属真菌在大兴安岭落叶松林土壤中占绝对优势;尼氏无梗囊霉(A.nocolsonii)和幼套球囊霉(G.etunicatum)是优势种。植物根围土壤中AMF的孢子密度平均为68.94个.100g-1风干土;AM...     

都江堰亚热带地区常见植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌

从都江堰亚热带地区常见植物根围土壤中分离并鉴定了4属27种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无柄囊霉属Acaulospora 4种,原囊霉属Archaeospora 1种,内养囊霉属Entrophospora 2种,球囊霉Glomus 20种。其中哥伦比亚内养囊霉Entrophospora colombiana,澳洲球囊霉Glomus australe,卷曲球囊霉G．convolutum,肿涨球囊霉G．gibbosum,球泡球囊霉G．globiferum,异形球囊霉G．heterosporum(A)为我国六个新记录种。     

蒙古沙冬青伴生植物AM真菌的空间分布

进一步探究荒漠植物与AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌共生关系及其生态适应性,为以蒙古沙冬青为建群种适生区的植被恢复与生态改良提供依据。于2013年6月在内蒙古荒漠带选取以蒙古沙冬青为建群种的3个样地乌海、磴口和阿拉善,从每个样地选择2种主要伴生植物,按0—10、10—20、20—30、30—40、40—50 cm共5个土层采集土样和根样,研究了蒙古沙冬青伴生植物AM真菌空间分布及其与土壤因子的关系。从梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)和蒙古扁桃(Amygdalus mongolica)4种伴生植物根围土壤共分离鉴定4属25种AM真菌,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)14种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)7种,管柄囊霉属(Funneliformis)3种,盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)1种,优势菌种为网状球囊霉(Glomus reticulatum),AM真菌属种分布具有不均衡性和地域性。4种伴生植物根系均能与AM真菌形成I-型(intermediate type)丛枝菌根,其共生程度和定殖规律具有明显空间异质性。AM真菌种数随土层深度增加而下降。AM真菌最大定殖率在10—30 cm土层,最大孢子密度在10—20 cm土层。相关性分析表明,AM真菌菌丝与土壤有机C极显著正相关(P0.01),与易提取球囊霉素(EEG)显著负相关(P0.05);孢子密度与有机C、碱性磷酸酶极显著负相关(P0.01),与碱解N极显著正相关(P0.01)。主成分分析表明,土壤有效P、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和总球囊霉素(TEG)等土壤因子能综合反映内蒙古荒漠带营养状况。TEG和EEG平均含量分别为4.76 mg/g和1.62 mg/g,占土壤有机C平均含量为61.26%和20.8%,说明在贫瘠荒漠环境中球囊霉素是土壤有机碳库重要来源和组成部分。     

丛枝菌根(AM)对无性繁殖茶苗生长及茶叶品质的影响

采用温室盆栽试验 ,分别接种丛枝菌根 (AM)真菌Acaulosporalavis(光壁无梗球囊霉 ,菌号 :34)、Glomusmanihot(木薯球囊霉 ,菌号 :38)和Glomuscaledonium(苏格兰球囊酶 ,菌号 :90 0 36) ,观察AM对枝条繁殖茶苗生长和茶叶品质的影响。试验持续 1 4个月。结果表明 ,接种AM真菌明显促进了无性繁殖茶苗的生长 ,无论是株高还是地上、地下干重都高于不接种者 (CK) ,且差异达极显著水平 (P <0 .0 1 )。AM对茶树吸收无机元素有明显的促进作用 ,尤其是对P、Ca、Mg等的吸收。接种AM真菌的茶苗根际细菌、放线菌数量和酸性磷酸酶活性都明显高于CK。接种AM真菌还提高了茶叶水浸出物、氨基酸、咖啡碱和茶多酚的浓度 ,改善了茶叶的品质。     

NaCl胁迫下AM真菌对棉花生长和叶片保护酶系统的影响

利用盆栽实验研究了 Na Cl胁迫条件下 AM真菌对棉花生长和叶片保护酶系统的影响。结果表明 :在土壤中加入 0、0 .1%、0 .2 %、0 .3%浓度 Na Cl条件下 ,Na Cl胁迫对 AM真菌的接种效果有显著影响。接种 AM真菌提高了棉花根系菌根侵染率 ,增加了棉株的生物产量 ,以 0～ 0 .2 % Na Cl浓度时 AM真菌接种效果最好。 AM真菌对棉株生理参数和保护酶活性的影响因生育期和 Na Cl浓度不同而异 ,现蕾期和低盐浓度 (0～ 0 .1% )下叶片叶绿素含量明显增加 ;中高盐水平 (0 .2 %～ 0 .3% )和生育后期叶片可溶性蛋白质含量和 SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶活性显著提高 ,MDA含量明显降低 ;棉株 K、Ca、Mg含量因植株部位和盐浓度不同而变化。 AM真菌增强宿主植物的耐盐性可能源于促进宿主根系对土壤矿质元素吸收的直接作用和改善植物体内离子平衡和生理代谢活动、提高保护酶活性的间接作用     

丛枝菌根真菌和施氮量对茶树生长、矿质元素吸收与茶叶品质的影响

采用盆栽法研究了不同施氮水平下接种丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM）真菌Glomus mosseae对茶树生长、矿质元素吸收及茶叶品质的影响。结果表明,适量的施氮利于AM真菌的侵染和菌根发育,当施氮过量时则会抑制菌根发育。在不同施氮水平下接种AM真菌均提高了茶树地上部、地下部和总干物质量,其中又以接种AM真菌同时施氮量为0.53g kg-1的茶树总干物质量最大,为对照的1.63倍。不同矿质元素受AM真菌和氮肥的影响不一致,在一定施氮水平下接种AM真菌可提高茶树叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Zn和Fe含量,降低Mn和Cu含量;显著增加根中N、P、K、Mg和Zn含量,降低Mn含量,施高浓度的氮（1.06 g kg-1）显著降低了根系Ca和Fe含量。不同施氮水平下AM真菌处理可增加茶叶中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,提高了茶叶中茶多酚、咖啡碱、氨基酸和水浸出物含量,降低酚氨比,显著改善茶叶品质。本实验条件下,茶树施氮量为0.53 g kg-1时,接种AM真菌改善茶叶品质的效果最佳。     

Inoculation of field-established mulberry and papaya with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a mycorrhiza helper bacterium

The effects of soil inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a mycorrhiza helper bacterium (MHB) were investigated on mulberry and papaya plants already established in the field. Ten-year-old mulberry plants (var. M5) were inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum and 1.5-year-old papaya plants (var. Solo) were inoculated with a mixed culture of G. mosseae and G. caledonium with or without Bacillus coagulans at two levels of P fertilizer. Growth, P uptake, yield and AM colonization levels were monitored. Leaf yield in mulberry and fruit yield in papaya were minimal in uninoculated plants given 50% recommended P. However, crop yields of both mulberry and papaya inoculated with AM fungi alone or together with the bacterium and given 50% recommended P were statistically on a par with that of uninoculated plants given 100% recommended P. As inoculation of B. coagulans increased mycorrhiza levels in AM fungal-inoculated plants, this may be included in the class of MHB. Thus, mulberry and papaya already established in the field may respond to AM inoculation and MHB may increase symbiosis development by efficient AM fungi.     

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza and Rhizobium on phytoremediation by alfalfa of an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered PCBs: a field study

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonium and/or Rhizobium meliloti on phytoremediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered PCBs by alfalfa grown for 180 days. Planting alfalfa (P), alfalfa inoculated with G. caledonium (P + AM), alfalfa inoculated with R. meliloti (P + R), and alfalfa co-inoculated with R. meliloti and G. caledonium (P+AM+R) decreased significantly initial soil PCB concentrations by 8.1, 12.0, 33.8, and 43.5%, respectively. Inoculation with R. meliloti and/or G. caledonium (P+AM+R) increased the yield of alfalfa, and the accumulation of PCBs in the shoots. Soil microbial counts and the carbon utilization ability of the soil microbial community increased when alfalfa was inoculated with R. meliloti and/or G. caledonium. Results of this field study suggest that synergistic interactions between AMF and Rhizobium may have great potential to enhance phytoremediation by alfalfa of an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered PCBs.     

AM菌根与不同施磷量对烤烟后期部分生理指标的影响

在盆栽试验中设置5种磷肥水平,接种2种AM真菌(Glomus mosseae;G．caledonium)研究了对烤烟后期生长的影响。结果表明,AM真菌与烤烟能形成良好的共生关系,显著影响了烤烟后期生长,接种AM真菌处理对烤烟烟叶中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、脂类过氧化产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)和可溶性蛋白含量的影响显著,与不接种相比,接种AM真菌可显著提高烟叶中SOD活性,G89增加了39．7％,GM为35．5％;在单一施磷水平上,接种除GM4外均比不接种的SOD活性高,且G89在低磷水平(每千克土施P2O5 0、0．056g)上优于GM,而GM在较高磷水平上(每千克土施P2O5 0．112、0．224g)高于G89。此外接种真菌不仅有助于叶绿素含量提高,而且可减缓叶绿素降解。不同真菌处理间作用效果存在一定差异。施磷水平对烤烟后期生长也有一定影响。     

Phytoextraction of heavy metals by two Salicaceae clones in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during the second year of a field trial

We evaluated the potential of Salix viminalis (5027) and Populus × generosa for the phytoextraction of heavy metals (HM) inoculated or not with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices during a second year of growth in a randomized complete block field trial on a slightly contaminated site. Both plant clones produced high aboveground biomass yields, however P. × generosa produced significantly more biomass than S. viminalis. The two plant clones accumulated high concentrations of Cd and Zn in their shoots, while Cu and Pb were stored in their roots. In general, S. viminalis accumulated higher concentrations of HM. The inoculation of G. intraradices in the previous year did not influence plant clones’ biomass yields during the second growing season. However, Cu and Cd translocation to shoots was limited, and Cu was preferentially concentrated in roots of inoculated plants, compared to non-inoculated plants, which were also colonized by native AM fungi taxa. Efficiency of S. viminalis and P. × generosa for Cd and Zn rehabilitation in slightly contaminated soil has been demonstrated, but mycorrhizal inoculation did not significantly increase HM extraction.     

Inoculation effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Vatica chinensis L.: a critically endangered species of Western Ghats

Pot experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi viz. Glomus fasciculatum, Funneliformis mosseae and Acaulospora laevis on the growth of Vatica chinensis. Plants grown in the presence of AM fungi generally showed an increase in growth and biomass over those grown in the absence of AM fungal inoculation. It was observed that a consortium of AM fungi without organic manure was found to be the best treatment to enhance plant biomass. The plant height, number of leaves and plant dry and fresh matter, plant P and N contents varied significantly with treatments. The AM colonization was higher in the seedling roots inoculated with two or three AM fungi. This study indicated that the inoculation with AM fungi either alone or in combination improved the growth, biomass yield and phosphorus nutrition of V. chinensis compared to that of the control. This information may be helpful to improve the growth of these species in sustainable forestry program.     

The differential behavior of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in interaction with Astragalus sinicus L. under salt stress

Three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus mosseae, Glomus claroideum, and Glomus intraradices) were compared for their root colonizing ability and activity in the root of Astragalus sinicus L. under salt-stressed soil conditions. Mycorrhizal formation, activity of fungal succinate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase, as well as plant biomass, were evaluated after 7 weeks of plant growth. Increasing the concentration of NaCl in soil generally decreased the dry weight of shoots and roots. Inoculation with AM fungi significantly alleviated inhibitory effect of salt stress. G. intraradices was the most efficient AM fungus compared with the other two fungi in terms of root colonization and enzyme activity. Nested PCR revealed that in root system of plants inoculated with a mix of the three AM fungi and grown under salt stress, the majority of mycorrhizal root fragments were colonized by one or two AM fungi, and some roots were colonized by all the three. Compared to inoculation alone, the frequency of G. mosseae in roots increased in the presence of the other two fungal species and highest level of NaCl, suggesting a synergistic interaction between these fungi under salt stress.