福建红树林湿地鸟类区系研究

红树林湿地是热带、亚热带海岸带的重要湿地类型。由于红树林是自然辅助供能的高生产率的生态系统 ,具有高光合率、高呼吸率和高归还率的三高特点 ,为红树林区底栖动物的生活提供了能量来源 ,丰富的底栖动物又为鸟类等高等动物提供了充足的饵料来源。红树林湿地特殊的环境特点 ,使之成为咸淡水交迭的环境下生存的动植物、微生物丰富的基因库[10 ] 。因此 ,红树林区域在生物多样性研究中具有重要价值。在香港米埔红树林保护区 ,鸟类学家对当地鸟类的迁徙和生态进行了 30多年的研究[15,16 ] ,2 0世纪 80年代后对广东、广西、海南等地主要红树…     

福田红树林湿地生态系统EWE模型构建

以福田红树林湿地生态系统为研究对象,将其生物组成分为红树植物、底栖动物、浮游植物、浮游动物、鸟类和碎屑等15个功能组,运用Ecopath with Ecosim(EWE)软件,构建了福田红树林湿地生态系统的EWE模型,探讨了红树林湿地生态系统的状态、特征及不同物种之间的营养关系,并评价红树林湿地生态系统当前的健康状况。分析表明,福田红树林湿地生态系统能流的最主要来源是碎屑,能流主要在营养级Ⅰ到Ⅳ之间流动,转化效率最高发生在第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ营养级之间(28.8%),总体转化效率为11.2%,且系统对营养级Ⅱ的利用最为充分。处于低营养级的功能组在系统能量传递的过程中起着非常关键的作用,并且对整个系统的影响强烈。生态系统总体特征参数生物量/总流量(TB/TT)、连接指数(CI)和系统杂食性指数(SOI)分别为0.163、0.123和0.018,综合分析表明,福田红树林湿地生态系统目前有退化的趋势。     

红树植物分子生态与进化研究进展

红树林是热带与亚热带海洋森林和地球湿地生态系统的重要组成部分 ,是多种海洋动物及鸟类栖息繁衍的重要场所 ,在调节全球生态平衡及维持生物多样性方面起着十分重要的作用。有关红树林的生态生物学研究 ,特别是红树林及其生物多样性变化的监测研究 ,红树林的保护与管理已成为热带亚热带海洋及湿地生态学研究的重要内容。海南岛有长达 1 5 2 8ｋｍ的海岸线 ,红树林群落的分布十分广泛。孢粉学证据说明 ,海南岛滨海地区在第三纪时即有红树林出现[1 ] 。现海南岛红树林植物种类有 1 8科 2 6属 34种 ,占中国红树植物种数的 97.1 % [2 ] 。由于…     

海南东寨港红树林土壤微生物初探

红树林是热带、亚热带海岸河口潮间带的木本植物群落。海南琼山市东寨港国家级红树林保护区是我国面积较大 ,种类较多的典型分布区[16 ] ,具有独特的生态 ,经济和旅游价值[1] 。不少学者对该红树林生态系统进行了群落学、物流、能流等方面的研究[2 ,3] ,但对该系统微生物方面的研究还较少见。微生物是生态系统的主要分解者 ,红树林生态系统有较高的生产力和凋落物量 ,微生物在凋落物和有机碎屑的分解转化中有着先锋地位[2 ] ,因此微生物在红树林生态系统的物流和能流中有着重要的推动作用。本文报道了对东寨港红树林区土壤微生物数量的研究 …     

珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统健康评价

基于湿地生态系统健康理论和压力-状态-响应模型,以珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统为研究对象,构建了红树林湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系,并确定了具体的评价指标、评价标准、指标权重、评价等级和评价方法,对珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统健康状况进行了评价.结果表明:2008年,淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统总健康指数为0.6580,评价等级为Ⅱ级(健康);压力、状态和响应指标的健康指数分别为0.3469、0.8718和0.7554,说明该评价系统存在一定的压力,而状态和响应方面较好.作为省级自然保护区,珠江口淇澳岛红树林湿地生态系统健康水平有待进一步提升.红树林湿地生态系统健康评价研究目前尚不成熟,进一步研究需重点关注针对红树林特征的评价因子筛选、相关数据的长期定位监测、生态系统健康与生态系统功能的定量关系研究等.     

甲烷排放部分抵消湿地生态系统碳汇功能：全球数据分析

湿地生态系统是吸收全球大气二氧化碳(CO₂)的汇,同时土壤厌氧环境造成其是大气甲烷(CH₄)的源。尽管有证据表明,湿地生态系统CH₄排放部分抵消其对大气CO₂的净吸收,但目前未见全球尺度湿地CH₄排放对其净生态系统CO₂交换(NEE)抵消效应的研究。本研究分析了全球内陆湿地(泥炭湿地和非泥炭湿地)以及滨海湿地(海草床、盐沼和红树林)中同时测定湿地NEE和CH₄排放通量的数据。结果表明：各类型湿地生态系统均为大气CO₂的汇,NEE值排序为红树林(-2011.0 g CO₂·m^-2·a^-1)<盐沼(-1636.6 g CO₂·m^-2·a^-1)<非泥炭地(-870.8 g CO₂·m^-2·a^-1)<泥炭地(...     

红树林湿地模型研究进展

红树林是位于海岸潮间带的森林湿地生态系统,具有抗风削浪、保护堤岸、封存CO2缓解全球气候变化等多种功能。然而,由于地理位置及生存环境特殊,红树林湿地模型的研究相对内陆湿地滞后。为了推动红树林湿地模型的研究,本文将目前常见红树林湿地模型按功能划分为植被生长生产模型、水文模型、物流能流模型三类,以阐述相关模型研究的进展,并对目前红树林湿地模型研究提出几点看法:(1)现有红树林湿地模型在不同区域、尺度下运行的有效性有待进一步验证;(2)国内对红树林生态系统服务及植被恢复工作相关模型研究较少,今后需加强该方面的研究。     

红树林对水体净化作用研究进展

红树是一类生长在热带及亚热带海岸潮间带的湿地植物,具有净化水体的功能。近年来红树林净化水体方面的研究有不少进展,主要包括促进水体中悬浮物的沉降,利用其丰富的底栖生物对有机物的吸附和降解,以及其植株和底泥对重金属和营养盐的富集和吸收。但是红树林的净化容量是有限的,超负荷的污水排放会导致明显的或潜在的生态风险。在实际应用中,只有在充分的监控和限制条件下,才可有限地将红树林作为生活污水排放地。该研究的发展方向主要有污染物迁移转化过程中各因素的相互作用、红树林的对环境的综合改善能力以及实际应用中对生态风险的量化分析和监测等几方面。     

海南东寨港红树林湿地鸟类多样性研究

红树林湿地是全球湿地生态系统中的重要组成部分,湿地鸟类是湿地价值的重要指标[14].东寨港是我国红树林面积最大、种类最多、生长最好的地区之一[10],广阔的滩涂成为许多鸟类的觅食地和越冬点,每年春季和冬季都有许多迁徙鸟类在此觅食和越冬.红树林湿地鸟类的研究国内外都有一些报道[2,3,5,6,8,11,13],但正如Lefebvre所说"我们对红树林鸟类群落的认识主要局限于鸟类物种的编目"[13].对东寨港红树林鸟类研究,20世纪60～70年代有学者做过一些采集及考察工作[1,7,9],80年代和90年代初也有学者进行过一些调查[5,12],但大多数都是在东寨港作短暂的停留,记录的物种数很少、调查的结果也有局限性.1997～1998年我们对海南东寨港红树林湿地的鸟类进行了调查,这对未来东寨港鸟类的监测、湿地的保护及生态管理有重要意义.     

红树林湿地多环芳烃的微生物降解

红树林(mangrove)是海陆交汇带重要的湿地生态系统,也是环境污染物蓄积与转化的热区.多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)因其环境蓄积特点在红树林生境中广泛分布,威胁生态系统健康,其降解转化是近年的研究重点.本文聚焦红树林湿地多环芳烃的微生物降解研究现状,从红树林生...     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.