中国长尾小蜂属(膜翅目,长尾小蜂科)一新纪录种

记述长尾小蜂科Torymidae长尾小蜂属Torymus中国1新纪录种,玫瑰瘿长尾小蜂Torymus bedeguaris(L.).该种是从苦水玫瑰的重要害虫玫瑰犁瘿蜂Diplolepid rosae(L.)的虫瘿中育出.提供了形态描述、寄主、分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆及兰州市农业科技研究推广中心标本室.     

蚜小蜂科一中国新纪录属——原蚜小蜂属记述（膜翅目：小蜂总科）

记述蚜小蜂科1中国新纪录属——原蚜小蜂属Protaphelinus Mackauer,对该属模式种尼氏原蚜小蜂Protaphelinus nikolskajae(Yasnosh)作了重新描述,附有雌、雄形态特征及其蚜虫寄主照片。本研究的尼氏原蚜小蜂采自黑龙江五大连池,寄生火山杨Populus sp.上的远东枝瘿绵蚜Pemphigus borealis Tullgren。目前该属世界仅记载1种,是造瘿蚜虫瘿绵蚜科Pemphyidae瘿绵蚜属Pemphigus的专性寄生蜂。     

中国花翅跳小蜂族二新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述采自辽宁沈阳和大连的跳小蜂2新种,即丽柄虱克跳小蜂Aschitus scapus Xu,sp.nov.和短颊赛诺跳小蜂Xenoencyrtus brevimalarus Xu,sp.nov..虱克跳小蜂属Aschitus Mercet和赛诺跳小蜂属Xenoencyrtus Riek为我国新纪录属.     

四突跳小蜂亚科中国一新纪录属(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述了跳小蜂科中国1新纪录属,阿奴跳小蜂属Anusia F(o)rster,及中国1新纪录种,扁角阿奴跳小蜂Anusia nasicornis F(o)rster,并给出了其形态特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国长尾小蜂科(膜翅目,小蜂总科)一新纪录属及一新纪录种

记述长尾小蜂科Torymidae中国1新纪录属毛盾长尾小蜂属砌Amoturoides,及中国l新纪录种短柄毛盾长尾小蜂Amoturoidesbreviscapus Girault,1932.提供了形态描述、寄主、分布及形态特征图.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国蚜小蜂科一新纪录属及一新纪录种(膜翅目,小蜂总科)

记述蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae艾蚜小蜂亚科Eriaporinae的中国1新纪录属,迈蚜小蜂属Myiocnema Ashmead,以及中国1新纪录种,康氏迈蚜小蜂Myiocnema comperei Ashmead。讨论了艾蚜小蜂亚科的分类概况,记述了迈蚜小蜂属的属征、地理分布及其生物学,以及中国新纪录种的形态特征、寄主、分布等,并附有形态特征照片。研究标本保存于福建农林大学植物保护学院。     

中国广肩小蜂科二新纪录属及二新纪录种(膜翅目,小蜂总科)

记述了广肩小蜂科中国2新纪录属:普氏广肩小蜂属Plutarchia Girault,1925和拉氏广肩小蜂属Ramdasoma Narendran,1994,及2个新纪录种:凹纹普氏广肩小蜂Plutarchia indefensa Walker,1860和简拉氏广肩小蜂Ramdasoma simplexus Narendran,1994.提供了其形态描述、形态特征图,首次报道并描述了简拉氏广肩小蜂Ramdasoma simplexus Narendran,1994的雄虫.研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

花翅跳小蜂属一新种：膜翅目：跳小蜂科

花翅跳小蜂属(Microterys Thomson,1876)是蜡蚧科昆虫的重要天敌,白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂(M.ericeri Ishii)因寄生于经济益虫白蜡虫(Ericerus pela Chavannes)而对人类有害,但绝大多数为益虫。本属是个大属,已描述了150多种,东洋区记载了20种。廖定熹教授在《中国经济昆虫志》[第三十四册,小蜂总科(一)]中记述了中国的花翅跳小蜂3种,即:白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂(M.ericeri Ishii)、球蚧花翅跳小蜂(M.clauseniCompere)和蜡蚧花翅跳小蜂(M.speciosus Ishii),黄春梅报道了采自福建的二带花翅跳小蜂(M.ditaeniatus Huang),姜德全描记了从白蜡虫雌虫卵囊中羽化的中华花翅跳小蜂     

中国长尾小蜂属(膜翅目,长尾小蜂科)分类研究

研究了中国长尾小蜂属Torymus Dalman,记述3个中国新纪录种,提供了形态特征图,编制了中国长尾小蜂属分种检索表.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

中国瘿蜂科分类研究概况及一新种记述

简述了瘿蜂科中国分类研究的进展,同时首次记述瘿蜂科草瘿蜂族Aylacini Ashmead的2新纪录属:菊瘿蜂属Aulacidea Ashmead.1897和近菊瘿蜂属Isocolus F(o)rster.1869及1新种,何氏菊瘿蜂Aulacidea hei sp.nov..新种被详细描述和附图.模式标本保存于浙江大学寄生蜂标本室.     

诊断引物应用于我国三种重要赤眼蜂分子鉴定的研究

本研究根据螟黄赤眼蜂rDNA-ITS2序列设计了螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis Ishii特异引物,同时采用文献中发表的松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura 和玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen的特异引物以及赤眼蜂属Trichogramma 特异引物对赤眼蜂成虫和寄主卵样品进行了PCR特异扩增分析。结果表明,采用上述特异引物可从单头蜂稳定地扩增出明显的目的DNA条带,并且分子鉴定结果与形态学鉴定结果完全吻合。因此,采用上述3对特异引物可以实现对我国3种重要赤眼蜂种,即松毛虫赤眼蜂、螟黄赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的分子鉴定。     

纽绵蚧跳小蜂在蚧虫体内发育的形态观察(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

通过解剖皱大球坚蚧Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda雌成虫, 对寄生在其内的纽绵蚧跳小蜂Encyrtus sasakii Ishii的各个虫期的形态特征进行了观察比较,并做了显微拍照。结果显示,纽绵蚧跳小蜂一年发生一代,以蛹在寄主体内越冬。除虫体由龄期引起的个体差异外,纽绵蚧跳小蜂的一、二龄幼虫腹部末端都具有长形通气柄,到第三、四龄期其通气柄变为尾囊状构造。成虫期的雌性小蜂中胸小盾片为黄色,前翅淡烟色并有一个暗斑,上密生黑色粗毛;雄性的为黑色,前翅色淡,无暗斑。     

Identification of egg parasitoids of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae and Delphacidae) of economic importance in Taiwan,part 2: Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera)

Trichogrammatid egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae and Delphacidae) known from Taiwan are identified taxonomically and illustrated, and their host associations are determined by rearings using sentinel eggs of the key pest species. The previously published records of such egg parasitoids in Taiwan are critically analyzed in the unfortunate absence of almost any voucher specimens. Pseudoligosita nephotetticum (Mani) is shown to be the most common egg parasitoid of the two leafhopper and three planthopper pests of rice in Taiwan: the zig-zag leafhopper Maiestas dorsalis (Motschulsky) (a new host record), the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler), and the delphacids Laodelphax striatella (Fallén) (small brown planthopper), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (brown planthopper), and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (whitebacked planthopper). Paracentrobia (Brachistella) andoi (Ishii) syn. nov., originally described from Japan as Japania andoi Ishii, and Paracentrobia (Brachistella) garuda Subba Rao syn. nov. from Thailand are synonymized under Paracentrobia (Brachistella) bicolor (Girault) from northern Queensland, Australia; Pseudoligosita tachikawai (Yashiro) syn. nov., originally described as Oligosita tachikawai Yashiro from Japan, is synonymized under Pseudoligosita nephotetticum. Lectotypes are designated for Japania andoi and Oligosita shibuyae Ishii.     

Book notices

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR. NEUROPHY SIOLOGICAL AND ETHOLOGICAL APPROACHES. Edityed by K. Aoki, S. Ishii and H. Morita.
MEASUREMENT OF ION TRANSPORT AND METABOLIC RATE IN INSECTS Edited by T. J. Bradley and T. A. Miller.
CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF INSECTS Edited by W. J. Bell and R. T. Cardé.     

New data on the postembryonal development of some members of Monogenoidea]

The paper presents new data on the development of the adhesive armature of larvae of Callorhynchicola multitesticulatus Manter, 1955 (Chimaericoeidae). There are also described larvae of Teegamatrix sp., Dionchus sp. sp. (Polyonchoinea), Squalonchocotyle sp., Heterobothrium praeorchis Bych., Mam. et Nag., 1975, Anchorophorus sinensis Bych. et Nag., 1958, Microctyle seriolae Yam., 1940, Axine sasicala (Unn., 1957), Neomicrotyle indicum Ram., 1960, Valissia chorinemi Yam., 1953 and some postembryonal developmental stages of Gotocotyee sawara Ishii, 1936 (Oligonchoinea).     

Peptide:N-glycosidase activity found in the early embryos of Oryzias latipes (Medaka fish). The first demonstration of the occurrence of peptide:N-glycosidase in animal cells and its implication for the presence of a de-N-glycosylation system in living organisms.

The recent discovery of free oligosaccharides typical for the complex type of glycan chains terminating with a free di-N-acetylchitobiosyl structure in certain fish eggs and early embryos (Ishii, K., Iwasaki, M., Inoue, S., Kenny, P. T. M., Komura, H., and Inoue, Y. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 1623-1630; Seko, A., Kitajima, K., Iwasaki, M., Inoue, S., and Inoue, Y. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 15922-15929; Inoue, S., Iwasaki, M., Ishii, K., Kitajima, K., and Inoue, Y. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 18520-18526) led us to find an enzyme responsible for detachment of N-linked glycan chains from glycoproteins by hydrolyzing the beta-aspartyl-glucosylamine linkage in Oryzias latipes embryos. The enzyme, peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase or peptide:N-glycosidase (PNGase), was partially (2090-fold) purified, and the reaction site at which this enzyme acts was specified by analysis and identification of the reaction products. This is the first demonstration showing PNGase in animal sources, although the presence of PNGases was reported in a variety of plant extracts and bacteria. Thus, the commonality of this type of enzyme is now demonstrated, and the possible physiological role of PNGase in de-N-glycosylation as a basic biologic process is proposed.     

Kairomones ofheliothis armigera andcorcyra cephalonica and their influence on the parasitic potential oftrichogramma chilonis (Trichogrammatidae: hymenoptera)

Kairomones from moth scales tend to influence the parasitic potential byTrichogramma chilonis Ishii. Hexatriacontane, pentacosane, heptadecane, docosane and 2, 6, l0-dodecatrienal-3, 7, 11-trimethyl were identified from the active moth scale extract ofHeliothis armigera Hubner (its natural host) andCorcyra cephalonica Stainton (a laboratory host). The significance of an array of compounds from moth scales with kairomonal activity for manipulating entomophagous insects in biological control programmes is discussed.     

Phylogenetics and classification of Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea — a review of current concepts (Hymenoptera, Apocrita)

Classification and morphological and molecular evidence supporting relationships of Mymarommatidae (Mymarommatoidea) and the 20 families of Chalcidoidea are reviewed. Five autapomorphies support monophyly of Mymarommatoidea, at least two autapomorphies support monophyly of Chalcidoidea, and three synapomorphies support a sister-group relationship between Mymarommatoidea and Chalcidoidea. Mymaridae are indicated as the likely sister group of all other Chalcidoidea by: two features of the ovipositor, the unique structure of a muscle between the mesofurca and axillary lever, and sequence data from the 28s rDNA gene. Structure of the upper valvulae of the ovipositor could indicate Rotoitidae as the second-most basal clade of Chalcidoidea. Chalcididae, Elasmidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Leucospidae, Mymaridae, Ormyridae, Rotoitidae, Signiphoridae, Torymidae and Trichogrammatidae are each indicated as monophyletic by at least one putative synapomorphy, but could render other families paraphyletic. Aphelinidae, Eupelmidae, Pteromalidae, and Tetracampidae are not demonstrably monophyletic. Agaonidae is monophyletic only if restricted to Agaoninae, and Eucharitidae is monophyletic only if restricted to Eucharitinae + Oraseminae. Eupelmidae may be paraphyletic with respect to Tanaostigmatidae and Encyrtidae, and Tanaostigmatidae including Cynipencyrtus may be paraphyletic relative to Encyrtidae. Perilampidae (Perilampinae + Chrysolampinae) are either polyphyletic or paraphyletic with respect to Eucharitidae + Akapalinae + Philomidinae. No cladistic hypotheses of familial relationships based on character evidence have considered the superfamily in its entirety.     

Fish egg glycophosphoproteins have species-specific N-linked glycan units previously found in a storage pool of free glycan chains.

Recent findings (Ishii, K., Iwasaki, M., Inoue, S., Kenny, P. T. M., Komura, H., and Inoue, Y. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 1623-1630; Inoue, S., Iwasaki, M., Ishii, K., Kitajima, K., and Inoue, Y. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 18520-18526) of a relatively large quantity of complex-type free sialo-oligosaccharides in the unfertilized eggs of freshwater fish, Plecoglossus altivelis and Tribolodon hakonensis, prompted us to search for their progenitor glycoproteins. First we demonstrated a third occurrence of free sialoglycans in the unfertilized eggs of Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Next, in all three species studied, a uniformly high level of glycophosphoproteins (GPP) was identified and found to possess N-linked glycan units. The carbohydrate structures of the GPP were determined to be identical with those of the free glycans isolated from the unfertilized eggs of the respective fish species. Thus, the most likely candidate for the progenitor of free sialoglycans appeared to be the oocyte GPPs. This implies that the liberation of the free glycans by a putative peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase may represent a necessary biochemical event during vitellogenesis or oogenesis. The present results may provide insight into a new concept of a "protein N-glycosylation/de-N-glycosylation system" recently proposed by us (Seko, A., Kitajima, K., Inoue, Y., and Inoue, S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 22110-22114).     

Genetic and morphological approach to reappraising species validity in two different Anagyrus wasps (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) attracted by cyclolavandulyl butyrate

Members of the genus Anagyrus are primary endoparasitoids of mealybugs and thus include potentially important biological control agents of mealybug pests. We have previously discovered that an analogous compound of a mealybug pheromone, cyclolavandulyl butyrate (CLB), strongly attracts Anagyrus sawadai Ishii and can enhance the foraging activity of this wasp in CLB‐treated orchards. In the present study, we found two groups of Anagyrus parasitoids that differed in color were attracted to CLB. One was A. sawadai and the other type was morphologically identified as A. subalbipes Ishii, which had been considered to be synonymous with A. sawadai. We suspected these two color populations of Anagyrus must be independent species because of their different emergence patterns in the field. Our morphological and molecular analyses supported this idea. We confirmed morphologically diagnostic features to distinguish the two species. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analysis based on COI sequences revealed that A. sawadai and A. subalbipes were placed in entirely different clusters. These findings not only offered new insight into the taxonomy and phylogeny of Anagyrus spp. but also provided critical knowledge for the use of these indigenous natural enemies for biological control of mealybugs in agricultural fields.