首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
中国部分牦牛品种线粒体DNA遗传多态性研究   总被引:30,自引:1,他引:29  
采用DNA测序技术首次测定了中国5个牦牛品种(类群)35个个体线粒体DNA控制区(D loop)全序列,结果表明:牦牛线粒体DNA控制区全序列长度为891~895bp,T、C、A、G4种核苷酸的含量分别为28.5%、25.3%、32.5%、13.7%。检测到55个变异位点,约占分析位点总数的6.16%,核甘酸变异类型有转换、颠换、插入/缺失4种。确定了24种单倍型,单倍型H4和H6为中国牦牛的主体单倍型,各单倍型在品种间分布不平衡,所测定的5个牦牛品种(类群)单倍型多样度平均为0.9697±0.0180,说明我国牦牛D loop单倍型类型丰富。牦牛品种内各序列平均核苷酸差异数为10.936,核苷酸多样度为1.231%;牦牛品种间核苷酸分歧度(Dxy)约为0.760%~2.155%,品种间双参数距离范围为0.000~0.029,表明我国牦牛遗传多态性丰富。对D环序列变异的分子方差分析和单倍型网络关系图的结果表明:我国牦牛品种间出现显著的遗传分化,牦牛单倍型网络关系图聚为2个聚类簇,表明我国牦牛有2个母系来源,或者有2个主要的驯化地点。  相似文献   

2.
通过对我国沿海三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)9个野生群体线粒体DNA控制区(putative control region,CR)基因片段和细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因片段进行扩增和测序,分别得到长度为530bp和584bp的片段。分析结果表明:CR83条序列A T平均含量为73·2%,共检测到91个变异位点,83个个体具有66种单倍型(haplotype);COⅠ94条序列A T平均含量为62·2%,共检测到34个变异位点,94个个体具有34种单倍型(haplotype)。用MEGA3·1软件构建9个群体NJ分子树,聚类结果显示,黄海、东海、渤海6个群体之间的相对遗传距离比较近,聚为一大支,南海3个群体相对遗传距离比较近,聚为一大支。AMOVA分析表明,群体间的遗传分化指数(Fst)为-0·07454~0·27087,其中部分群体间达到显著差异(P<0·05)与极显著差异(P<0·01),说明我国三疣梭子蟹不同野生群体间存在一定遗传分化。  相似文献   

3.
小口白甲鱼都柳江种群mtDNA D环的序列变异及遗传多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用PCR结合DNA测序技术,测定分析了易危鱼类小口白甲鱼(Onychostoma lini)都柳江种群36个个体mtDNA D环约470bp序列的变异及遗传多样性。结果表明,在36个个体中,该序列的长度为469~475bp,其碱基组成为A+T的平均含量(68.4%)高于G+C(31.6%)。共检测到25个多态位点,其中转换19个、颠换6个。核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00575,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为2.695。36个个体分属5个单倍型,单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.260,单倍型间的平均遗传距离(P)为0.026。5个单倍型构建的UPGMA系统树聚为2个分支。目前小口白甲鱼都柳江种群mtDNA D环序列存在着较丰富的变异和遗传多样性。  相似文献   

4.
四川裂腹鱼乌江种群mtDNA控制区序列的遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用PCR扩增和直接测序法分析了四川裂腹鱼乌江种群32个个体mtDNA控制区的序列差异和遗传多样性.在该种群mtDNA控制区长度为464 bp的同源序列中,共计有9个变异位点,占总位点数的1.94%.32个个体共定义了9种单倍型,单倍型间平均遗传距离(P)为0.0060,单倍型多样度(Hd)为0.768.核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00324,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为1.500.用单倍型间遗传距离构建的NJ分子系统树聚为两个分支.结果提示四川裂腹鱼乌江种群遗传多样性匮乏,保护四川裂腹鱼乌江种群刻不容缓.  相似文献   

5.
铜鱼线粒体控制区的序列变异和遗传多样性   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
采用PCR和DNA测序技术研究长江中上游野生铜鱼的遗传多样性和群体遗传学特征,从9个采样点共获得100尾铜鱼,用于分析的线粒体DNA控制区的片段序列为946bp。在100个序列中,共检测出变异位点47个(其中增添/缺失位点8个),单倍型41种。9个地理群体的平均单倍型多样性(Hd)和平均核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.9257±0.0162和0.004178±0.002337,表现出较贫乏的遗传多样性。群体间的分化指数(FST值)、平均基因流(Nm)、分子方差分析(AMOVA)和平均K2-P遗传距离均表明9个铜鱼地理群体间存在广泛的基因交流,未明显发生群体遗传分化。另外,共享单倍型比例较高,约为34%(14/41)。单倍型的UPGMA分子系统树和简约网络图显示单倍型的聚类与地理分群没有相关性。上述结果表明9个铜鱼地理群体属于同一种群。  相似文献   

6.
普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop区序列多态性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:了解中国新疆吉木萨尔野马繁殖中心的普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)遗传多样性及其遗传背景.方法:采用PCR产物直接测序法,对15匹普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop高变区进行测序分析.结果:测定15个个体的线粒体DNA D-loop高变区15464~15866片段序列402bp.检测到12种单倍型,包括37个多态位点,占全部序列的9.2%,其中转换位点24个、颠换位点20个、转换位点和颠换并存位点8个、缺失位点3个.A%+T%含量(56.1%)高于G%+C%含量(43.9%),平均A含量为28.4%,T含量为27.7%,C含量为29%,G含为14.9%.单倍型间平均遗传距离为0.030,单倍型多态性(h)为1±0.00116,核苷酸多态性(π)为2.90%.15匹普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop高变区之间平均核苷酸变异率为2.48%.结论:研究表明我国新疆吉木萨尔野马繁殖中心的普氏野马线粒体DNA D-loop区序列存在丰富的多态性.  相似文献   

7.
采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对我国南海海域5个地点(三亚、深圳、阳江、湛江、北海)的野生斑节对虾100个个体的mtDNA 16S rRNA序列进行扩增,扩增产物经纯化后进行测序.用Clustal_X排序软件对所得的100个mtDNA 16S rRNA序列进行比对.通过ARLEQUIN软件对所得100个mtDNA 16S rRNA序列进行比较分析,共检测出28个变异位点,19种单倍型.19单倍型序列的碱基组成显示出较高的A T比例(69.0%).19种单倍型序列的遗传距离在0.002~0.033.根据构建的单倍型进化关系网,5个地点群体中的单倍型呈现一种混杂的分布格局.此外,根据单倍型在5个地点群体出现的频率和单倍型进化关系网,单倍型7是最为原始的单倍型,其他18种单倍型均起源于单倍型7.  相似文献   

8.
冯慧  黄原  任轶  冯成利  刘晓农 《生态学报》2014,34(20):5887-5895
林麝(Moschus berezovskii)曾广泛分布于中国,由于盗猎和栖息地缩小,秦岭地区野生种群数量迅速下降,圈养繁殖种群已成立了几十年,但大多数圈养种群的遗传背景不清,种群规模增长非常缓慢。为了给这一物种的保护和管理提供有用的信息,调查了陕西省林麝1个圈养种群3个野生种群线粒体DNA(mt DNA)D-Loop 632 bp片段的遗传多样性和种群结构。在69个个体中其碱基组成为A+T的平均含量63.2%高于G+C含量36.8%,共检测到变异位点171个(约占总位点数的27.05%)。核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.04424,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为19.908。69个个体分属32个单倍型,单倍型间的平均遗传距离(P)为0.070。32个单倍型构建的NJ系统树聚为3个分支,4个林麝群体中的单倍型是随机分布的。4个群体的平均遗传距离为0.043(标准误SE为0.005),凤县养殖场群体与留坝和陇县群体的亲缘关系较远。单倍型间的平均遗传距离为0.043,可见其遗传分化尚未达到种群分化的水平。结果表明,陕西省林麝群体mt DNA D-loop区序列存在着较丰富的变异和遗传多样性,凤县野生群体和凤县养殖场群体的核苷酸多样性和单倍型多样较高,养殖场种群没有出现近亲繁殖及遗传多样性下降的情况。凤县野生群体和凤县养殖场群体两者遗传分化较小,存在着较高的基因流水平。  相似文献   

9.
采用叶绿体DNA非编码区直接测序的方法,对青海、甘肃、四川3个省区内濒危植物宽叶羌活14个天然居群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了研究,以明确其遗传背景,为宽叶羌活的保护提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)14个居群138个个体的序列长度介于509~515bp;碱基组成A+T含量较高(平均67.6%)。(2)根据序列的核苷酸变异共鉴定出31个单倍型,其中9种单倍型(H5、H1、H9、H10、H16、H17、H19、H20、H22)为居群所共享,而且单倍型H5分布最广、在10个群体的67个个体中检测到,占总样品数的48.56%。(3)14个居群宽叶羌活具有高水平单倍型多样性(Hd=0.750 3)和较高水平核苷酸多样性(Pi=0.007 11),但31个单倍型没有按地理分布形成明显的族群,各地理单元中的单倍型相互混杂,没有明显的地理分化模式。(4)AMOVA分析、居群间分化度(FST=0.602 4)分析和基因流(Nm=0.330)分析的结果一致,表明宽叶羌活大部分遗传变异(60.24%)发生在居群间,居群间的基因流较低,群体间变异是宽叶羌活的主要变异来源。(5)14个居群的遗传距离在0.000~0.007,平均为0.003,表明居群间的亲缘关系较远,且居群间的遗传距离与地理距离之间无显著相关关系(P=0.143),说明宽叶羌活居群遗传变异的分布没有明显的地理趋势。研究认为,宽叶羌活居群间高的遗传变异可能是由基因流受阻、遗传漂变、地理隔离造成的,并提出了对该物种遗传多样性的保护策略。  相似文献   

10.
呼晓庆  杨兆富 《昆虫学报》2019,62(6):720-733
【目的】揭示中国草地螟Loxostege sticticalis不同地理种群的遗传分化程度。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增中国西北和华北地区草地螟11个地理种群的线粒体 COI, Cytb和COII基因序列,基于其序列变异及单倍型贝叶斯系统发育树和单倍型网络图分析,探讨不同地理种群间的遗传距离、分子系统发生关系及遗传分化程度。【结果】草地螟11个地理种群的线粒体 COI, Cytb和COII基因序列分别有24, 12和69个变异位点(分别占总序列的3.6%, 2.7%和8.8%),检测到的单倍型分别为22, 14和16个,单倍型多样度(Hd)分别为0.7600, 0.5842和0.7341,核苷酸平均差异度(K)分别为1.704, 0.752和3.997,不同单倍型间的遗传距离平均值分别为0.004, 0.005和0.013。总种群的Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs值皆不显著,表明草地螟不同地理种群间的遗传分化不明显,群体大小稳定。根据各地理种群的单倍型建立的系统发育树和单倍型网络图表明,各单倍型散布在不同的地理种群中,无明显的地理分布格局。【结论】草地螟各地理种群的遗传距离与地理距离间不具有显著的相关性,其遗传分化不明显。  相似文献   

11.
为了检测黑线姬鼠两亚种(来自中国东北地区、俄罗斯远东地区的东北亚种和朝鲜半岛的朝鲜亚种)线粒体DNA的变异水平并确定朝鲜亚种的分类地位,我们测序分析了两亚种的线粒体DNA细胞色素b的部分序列(1 054 bp)和控制区的部分序列(860 bp),并与基因库中黑线姬鼠相应的单倍型序列进行了比较.可以看出东北亚种的序列显示...  相似文献   

12.
为了研究大林姬鼠两亚种(韩国的指名亚种及中国东北和内蒙古地区的东北亚种)线粒体DNA的变异程度并确定朝鲜亚种的分类地位,我们分别将来自韩国和中国东北长白山地区的两亚种的线粒体DNA的细胞色素b基因和控制区进行了测序分析。我们将测序所得到细胞色素b基因序列与来自基因库的大林姬鼠5个亚种的相应的单倍型进行了分析,结果显示大林姬鼠可分为4个类群[类群1:韩国大林姬鼠指名亚种;类群2:中国长白山和内蒙古地区的东北亚种、俄罗斯外加贝尔的majuculus亚种;类群3:中国长春的东北亚种、俄罗斯Primorye(俄罗斯远东地区)rufulus亚种、俄罗斯库页岛(俄罗斯远东地区)和日本北海道地区的giliacus亚种;类群4:中国黑龙江海林地区的东北亚种]。线粒体的控制区序列分析显示韩国指名亚种也不同于中国东北地区的东北亚种。本研究的类群1,2和3与Serizawaetal.(2002)的研究的K、S和R的分支相对应。这表明韩国指名亚种(类群1和分支K)的线粒体DNA与其他类群不同。另外,我们还发现在细胞色素b基因构建的系统树中,东北亚种可以与类群2(分支S)及类群3(分支R的不同亚种聚合在一起。我们认为线粒体DNA的母性遗传与两个相邻亚种的个体之间的种内杂交造成了基于细胞色素b序列对东北亚种的聚类分析结果与基于形态学特征的分类结果的不一致。因此,我们提出对这些显示出核苷酸序列多样性的东北亚种不能只用细胞色素b的数据进行亚种分类,还应该结合形态学和核DNA特征进行进一步分析。最后,我们还发现韩国的指名亚种的细胞色素b序列在平均距离16.93%的基础上不同于来自基因库的A.speciosus。Jones and Johnson(1965)指出了韩国的大林姬鼠在形态上的区别,所以我们认为韩国的大林姬鼠指名亚种A.p.peninsulae是一种具有形态和遗传特异性的地方亚种。  相似文献   

13.
In the full sequences of the mtDNA cytochrome b gene, 26 haplotypes (Tamias sibiricus barberi) from six localities of central and southern Korea were distinct from 21 haplotypes (Tamias sibiricus orientalis) from five localities of northeast China and Vladivostok, Russia. The average Tamura–Nei nucleotide distance between the subspecies (11.40%) and maximum infrasubspecific distances (3.74% and 4.72%) support the subspecies classification of T. s. barberi based on morphometric comparison. The 26 haplotypes of T. s. barberi were also distinct from 2 haplotypes of T. s. orientalis and Tamias sibiricus jacutensis from far-east Russia (average distance, 11.86%). Thus T. s. barberi constitutes a “phylogroup” (average nucleotide distance > 10%); analyses with nuclear genes of northeast Asian specimens, including North Korean ones, are necessary to clarify its taxonomic status. Furthermore, 49 haplotypes of T. sibiricus from eastern Asia differed from 19 haplotypes of another 18 Tamias spp. from America (weighted-average distance, 18.58%). T. sibiricus is, therefore, distinct enough to be recognized as a subgenus, Eutamias.  相似文献   

14.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (927 bp) and cytochrome b gene (1,140 bp) sequences of the Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis) from China and Korea were obtained to examine the taxonomic status of two subspecies, H. i. inermis from China and H. i. argyropus from Korea. Two sympatric mtDNA clades (a major clade from China and Korea and a minor clade from Korea) with an average genetic distance of 2.1% in the control region and 1.3% in the cytochrome b gene were detected. These findings are not consistent with the current classification by pelage color. We propose a reconsideration of the validity of the subspecies designation by the statistical comparison of morphological characters including body color. The major common mtDNA phylogroup in the two allopatric subspecies could be explained by the contiguous distribution of the Chinese water deer from east China to Korea until recent years. The restriction in the range and number of the Chinese subspecies after the last glacier might have caused the disappearance of the minor phylogroup in China. The taxonomic status of the two groups in Korea should be clarified using nuclear DNA marker analyses as well as morphological characters including pelage color.  相似文献   

15.
王金星  高兴善 《兽类学报》1997,17(3):208-215
本文利用印迹杂交技术对中国华北地区黑线姬鼠Apodemusagrariuspalidior和韩国黑线姬鼠A.agrariuscoreae共107号标本的线粒体DNA(mitochondrialDNA,mtD-NA),通过8种限制性内切酶的消化,进行了限制性片段的分析。共检出35种限制性片段和12种单倍体类型。12种单倍型在平均离散度为1.01%时聚合为两个亚群:一个亚群为黑线姬鼠华北亚种,由采自中国4个不同地区的51号标本的4种单倍型所组成;另一个亚群为黑线姬鼠朝鲜亚种,由采自韩国4个不同地区的56号标本的8种单倍型所组成。黑线姬鼠华北亚种和朝鲜亚种在mtDNA表型上表现出一定差异,这在分子水平上确立了两亚种的分类地位。为了进一步澄清黑线姬鼠种下分类的混乱,很有必要对中国其他地区的标本进行该项研究  相似文献   

16.
To test the association between Pleistocene forest dynamics relative to elevation and the population dynamics of arboreal small mammals, we examined the phylogeographical predictions for the genetic structure of the red and white giant flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus lena) and the Indian giant flying squirrel (P. philippensis grandis) using complete mitochondrial control region sequences. Both giant flying squirrels are endemic subspecies to Taiwan and are sympatric in much of their range. In the phylogenetic analyses, we included 35 specimens of P. alborufus lena collected from 20 localities and five specimens with unknown sampling localities. Also, we phylogenetically examined 32 specimens of P. philippensis grandis from 18 localities and three specimens with unknown sampling localities. We identified 36 haplotypes of P. alborufus lena and 33 haplotypes of P. philippensis grandis. Although we did not recognize major phylogroups, we found several minor phylogroups in both subspecies, suggesting similar evolutionary histories. Phylogeographical and demographic tests showed distributions of these two subspecies expanded into coniferous and mixed forests that developed during glaciation in Taiwan's lowlands and middle lands. This suggests that these two Petaurista subspecies shifted elevation from mountainous areas to lowlands during glaciation. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 102 , 404–419.  相似文献   

17.
Koh HS  Yang BK  Heo SW  Jang KH  In ST 《Biochemical genetics》2011,49(3-4):153-160
To examine the taxonomic status of the Korean red-backed vole (Myodes regulus), the full cytochrome b sequences of 21 red-backed voles from Korea and northeast China were compared with the corresponding haplotypes from 12 species of Myodes and Eothenomys from GenBank. We identified five red-backed voles from Mount Changbai and Harbin as Myodes rufocanus and three from Harbin as M. rutilus, and we confirmed that the red-backed voles from Korea are M. regulus and not Eothenomys regulus. We found that M. regulus from Korea differed from the other five species of Myodes and that the interspecific distances between M. regulus and each of the two species from northeast China were 4.55% (M. rufocanus) and 11.1% (M. rutilus). We concluded that M. regulus is also genetically distinct and is an endemic species of Korea.  相似文献   

18.
Haplotype distribution, gene flow, and population genetic structure of the ark shell (Scapharca broughtonii) were studied using a partial sequence of a mitochondrial COI gene. The sequence analysis of 100 specimens obtained from a total of seven localities-five in Korea, one in China, and one in Russia- revealed 29 haplotypes, ranging in sequence divergence from 0.1% to 2.1%. Among these, the most frequent haplotype, SB16, was extensively distributed over study areas, especially in all Korean localities. This extensive distribution consequently resulted in the near absence of statistically significant genetic distance. Also, a high rate of gene flow was characteristic among localities in Korea. A test of genetic population structure showed that the ark shell in Korea formed a large genetic group. Moreover, an AMOVA test to determine the allocation of the genetic variance showed that most of the variance was distributed between localities, instead of within localities. However, a significant population differentiation was found between geographic populations [i.e., Jinhae (locality 6) in Korea and Sangdong (locality 5) in China and Vladivostok (locality 7) in Russia] based on geographic distance and population structure. These distinct groups may be associated with geographic characteristics and barriers. The results suggest that most of the ark shell populations in Korea caused considerable distribution to form a genetically homogeneous and intermixing structure, whereas some of the Korean and Chinese and Russian populations had a significantly different genetic structure.  相似文献   

19.
Koh HS  Chun TY  Yoo HS  Zhang YP  Wang J  Zhang M  Wu CH 《Biochemical genetics》2001,39(11-12):417-429
Partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the Korean hare (Lepus coreanus) were analyzed to determine the degree of genetic diversity. Nine haplotypes were observed, and the maximum Tamura-Nei nucleotide distance among them was 2.8%, indicating that genetic diversity of L. coreanus is moderate. In order to clarify the Korean hare's taxonomic status and relationship with the Manchurian hare (L. mandshuricus) and the Chinese hare (L. sinensis), these nine haplotypes of the Korean hare were compared with 13 haplotypes from five other species of eastern Asian Lepus including L. mandshuricus and L. sinensis. The Korean hare was distinct in its cytochrome b gene, and it is confirmed that L. coreanus is a valid species, as noted by Jones and Johnson (1965, Univ. Kansas Publ. (Mus. Nat. Hist.) 16:357). Further analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b gene with additional specimens of L. coreanus from North Korea and other species of Lepus from eastern Asia are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of the divergent mtDNA clades of L. mandshuricus and L. sinensis.  相似文献   

20.
The water deer (Hydropotes inermis) is one of the rare small ruminants in the world. There are two distinct subspecies in Far East Asia: one (H. i. inermis) lives in China, and the other (H. i. argyropus) lives in Korea. Unlike the Chinese subspecies, the diet of the Korean subspecies in the wild has rarely been studied. Here, we analyzed the diets of the Korean water deer by using 202 bp rbcL sequences of plants found in fecal samples. Both similarity (%) and phylogeny (NJ tree) of the sequences were considered for the sequence assignment. These methods successfully assigned each sequence to only one family of one order without exception. We found that the Korean water deer fed on a total of 18 orders and 24 families of plants in the summer season. It fed mainly on Asteraceae family (28.4%) followed by Fagaceae (15.9%) and Polygonaceae (11.5%). There was a significant difference in diet composition between lowland area and mountainous area deer (P < 0.001). The Korean water deer on Daebu Island are presumably browsers feeding mainly on forbs or woody plants.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号