兴凯湖翘嘴鲴种群结构的变化

兴凯湖是中俄界湖,1982年、1998年对兴凯湖翘嘴鳇捕获群体的生长、年龄进行研究。体重、体长关系式为：1982：W=0．01223L^2.99743(r=0．9757,n=226)1998：W=0．007843L^310611(r=0．9764,n=258)生长方程为：1982：L=103．1567(t-e^-0.1173(1 1.36826) W=13266．1252(1-e^-0.1173(t 136826))^2.9974 1998:L=105．3910(t-e^-0.1262(t 0.597065)W=15049．8555(1-e^-0.1262(t 0.597065))3.10611在1982年渔获物中,4—11龄的性成熟鱼占56．0％,1998年占12．8％。1998年的渔获物中1龄幼鱼数量剧增,占38．7％,捕捞群体年龄结构严重低龄化,1998-2002年中国境内没有发现产卵汛场。     

大渡河流域黄石爬鮡的年龄与生长

2012年7月和2013年6月从大渡河支流脚木足河采集黄石爬(鱼兆)(Euchiloglanis kishinouyei)383尾,以脊椎骨作为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究.黄石爬(鱼兆)体长92～190 mm,其中110 ～ 140mm个体占渔获物总量的74.41％;体重14.70 ～ 119.80 g,其中20～60 g个体占渔获物总量的84.86％;由3～ 13龄11个年龄组组成,5～8龄鱼占渔获物总量的84.07％;种群雌雄性比为1∶1.06.体长(L)与脊椎骨半径(Ro)回归方程为L=67.038+ 50.783Ro(n=325,R2=0.758,P＜ 0.01).雌雄个体体长和体重生长无显著差异,据体长(L,单位mm)与体重(W,单位g)关系式W=3×10-5L2.9279(n=383,R2=0.807 1,P＜0.01),黄石爬(鱼兆)为等速生长类型.据体长、体重生长方程Lt=208.42[1-e-0.089(t+1.20)]、Wt=184.82[1-e-0.089(t+1.20)]2.9279,体长和体重生长速度方程分别为dL/dt=18.549 4 e0089(t+ 1.20)和dW/dt=48.161 0 e-0.089(t+1.20)[1-e-0.089(t+ 1.20)] 1.9279,体长和体重生长加速度方程分别为d2L/dt2=-1.650 9 e-0.089(t+1.20)和d2W/dt2=4.286 3 e-0.089(t+1.20)[1-e-0.089(t+1.20)]0.9279[2.927 9 e-0.089(t+1.20)-1],黄石爬(鱼兆)属于生长缓慢,生命周期较长的鱼类.生长拐点年龄为10.87,落后于性成熟年龄(♀6龄,♂5龄),属于性成熟后生长仍然较快的类型.产卵群体主要以补充群体(5、6龄)和低龄剩余群体(7、8龄)为主,资源已经受到严重破坏,需加大保护力度.     

洞庭湖黄颡鱼生物学特性

20 0 0年 3～ 5月 ,收集洞庭湖黄颡鱼 1 5 5尾 ,对其生物学特性进行研究。结果表明 ,黄颡鱼鳍式为D Ⅱ ,2～ 6,A 1 9～ 2 2 ,主要以虾、小型底栖鱼类、软体动物为食。体重 (W :g)与体长 (L :cm)关系为 :W =7 9861× 1 0 -2 L2 4471;体长生长方程为Lt=2 3 0 482 [1 -e-0 592 8(t+ 0 13 54) ];体重生长方程为 :Wt=3 68 3 90 9[1 -e-0 592 8(t+ 0 13 54) ]3 。生长速度以 1～ 2龄最快 ,以后逐步减慢 ,绝对繁殖力为 1 3 45～ 72 0 8粒 ,相对繁殖力为 48～ 78 3粒 g。繁殖力系数F =1 1 5 4977L1 453 9;性成熟年龄为 1 + 龄 ,自然性成熟雌鱼W =3 0 67g,L =1 0 2 9cm ,黄颡鱼人工养殖宜用 2年生产周期。     

三角鲤的繁殖与生长特性

对三角鲤的年龄与生长、食性和繁殖进行了研究。三角鲤体长和体重相关 ,关系方程式为W =0 0 1 1 3 71L3 3 2 44。 3 龄以前生长较快 ,生长指标高 ,体长和体重的瞬时生长率大。其生长规律符合VonBertalanffy方程 :Lt=5 7 2 5 [1 -e-0 11717(t 2 9614 7) ];Wt=6762 0 4[1 -e-0 11717(t 2 9614 7) ]3 。生长拐点tr=6 41龄。其食性是以底栖动物为主的杂食性鱼类。性成熟年龄雌鱼为 3 龄 ,雄鱼为 2 龄 ,相对繁殖力为 5 5～ 88粒 g体重。一年多次产卵 ,产卵盛期为 4～ 5月 ,胚胎发育所需积温约为 2 3 0 0℃·h。     

青海湖裸鲤生长特征的研究

对2002年5月—2003年7月采自青海湖的1174尾青海湖裸鲤样本年龄进行了耳石鉴定,并依据年龄推算了生长率。青海湖裸鲤体长与体重的关系为:W=0.000174×L2.4990(♀)、W=0.0000402×L2.7538(♂),雌、雄个体生长差异显著。其体长Von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Lt=551.9301(1-e-0.0711(t 0.3044))(♀),Lt=682.8688(1-e-0.0530(t 0.4240))(♂);体重Von Bertalanffy生长方程为:Wt=1237.3431(1-e-0.0711(t 0.3044))2.4990(♀),Wt=2567.3242×(1-e-0.0530(t 0.4240))2.7538(♂)。其雌、雄生长拐点分别为12.57龄和18.67龄。     

大渡河流域黄石爬的年龄与生长

2012年7月和2013年6月从大渡河支流脚木足河采集黄石爬(Euchiloglanis kishinouyei)383尾,以脊椎骨作为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究。黄石爬体长92~190 mm,其中110~140 mm个体占渔获物总量的74.41%;体重14.70~119.80 g,其中20~60 g个体占渔获物总量的84.86%;由3~13龄11个年龄组组成,5~8龄鱼占渔获物总量的84.07%;种群雌雄性比为1︰1.06。体长(L)与脊椎骨半径(RO)回归方程为L=67.038+50.783RO(n=325,R2=0.758,P0.01)。雌雄个体体长和体重生长无显著差异,据体长(L,单位mm)与体重(W,单位g)关系式W=3×10﹣5L2.927 9(n=383,R2=0.807 1,P0.01),黄石爬为等速生长类型。据体长、体重生长方程Lt=208.42[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]、Wt=184.82[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]2.927 9,体长和体重生长速度方程分别为d L/dt=18.549 4 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)和d W/dt=48.161 0 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]1.927 9,体长和体重生长加速度方程分别为d2L/dt2=﹣1.650 9 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)和d2W/dt2=4.286 3 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]0.927 9[2.927 9 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)﹣1],黄石爬属于生长缓慢,生命周期较长的鱼类。生长拐点年龄为10.87,落后于性成熟年龄(♀6龄,♂5龄),属于性成熟后生长仍然较快的类型。产卵群体主要以补充群体(5、6龄)和低龄剩余群体(7、8龄)为主,资源已经受到严重破坏,需加大保护力度。     

异鳔鳅年龄结构、生长特性与生活史类型

2010年10月至2011年7月在长江上游宜宾至江津江段采集405尾异鳔鳅鮀(Xenophysogobio boulengeri)样本。以耳石作为主要年龄鉴定材料,研究了异鳔鳅鮀的年龄结构和生长特征,采用模糊聚类分析法推断了异鳔鳅鮀的生活史类型。结果表明:长江上游异鳔鳅鮀由4个年龄组组成,其中优势年龄组为1～2龄(占83.70%);体长(L)与体重(W)关系为W=5×10-6L3.294 3(r2=0.941 3,n=405,F=6 040.22,P0.01),体长与耳石半径(R)的关系为L=0.000 8R2-0.168 4R+42.504(r2=0.836 5,n=399,F=399.20,P0.01);von Bertalanffy方程描述的生长方程为Lt=179.49(1-e-0.249 8(t+0.289 8))、Wt=133.18(1-e-0.249 8(t+0.289 8))3.294 3,体重生长拐点年龄为4.48龄;异鳔鳅鮀属于r-选择类型鱼类。当前长江上游异鳔鳅鮀群体生长特征较2001～2002年已发生变化,因此有必要采取保护措施。     

鄱阳湖黄鳝的生长特征

以基舌骨和脊椎骨作为年龄鉴定的材料,研究了鄱阳湖黄鳝(Monopterus albus)种群的生长特征.结果表明,种群的年龄结构分别为:雌性1～5龄,雄性2～6龄,2～5龄为黄鳝性别的过渡期(间性).2～4龄为优势年龄组,占渔获物的89.75%,相对应的体长为30～50 cm,体重为30～120 g.体长(L)与体重(W)的关系为:W=0.000 4L3.2601(♀);W=0.001 4L2.9008(∮).按生长指标值分析,阶段生长可以明显地划分为两个时期,即2龄前的生长迅速期和2龄后的生长稳定期.拟合的Von Bertalanffy生长参数分别为雌性L∞=78.5 Cm,k=0.174 02/y,t0=-1.203 2 Y,W∞:602.01 g;雄性L∞=102.3 cm,k=0.118 45/y,t0=-1.310 1 Y,W-=947.32 g;生长特征参数分别为ψ=3.030 3(♀)和ψ=3.093 4(∮);雌雄个体生长差异显著.     

西藏浪错兰格湖裸鲤的年龄与生长

2017年7月—2018年5月,于西藏自治区昂仁县浪错采集268尾兰格湖裸鲤Gymnocypris chui开展种群年龄结构和生长特征研究。结果显示:雌、雄鱼体长与体质量的关系式分别为W♀=2.03×10-2L2.822(n=134,R2=0.969)、W♂=2.52×10-2L2.738(n=105,R2=0.966)。通过观察微耳石,发现样本由1~23龄组成;采用VonBertalanffy生长方程拟合雌、雄鱼体长、体质量生长方程:Lt♀=34.239[1-e-0.136(t+0.11)]、Wt♀=434.42[1-e-0.136(t+0.11)]2.822;Lt♂=32.201[1-e-0.136(t+0.287)]、Wt♂=338.8[1-e-0.136(t+0.287)]2.738;拐点年龄分别为7.52龄和7.12龄,对应体长分别为22.12cm和20.45cm,体质量分别为126.59g和97.71g。初步研究表明,兰格湖裸鲤生长慢、体型小,种群被破坏后不易恢复,亟待开展资源评估及保护工作。     

巨须裂腹鱼年龄与生长的初步研究

巨须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax macropogon)是雅鲁藏布江的重要经济鱼类.作者利用2004～2006年在雅鲁藏布江水系收集的293尾样本,以背鳍条磨片作为主要鉴定年龄的材料,对西藏雅鲁藏布江巨须裂腹鱼种群进行了年龄结构和生长特性的研究.结果表明,巨须裂腹鱼的雅鲁藏布江种群由2～14龄和16龄共14个龄组组成.其中优势龄组为4～6龄(占74.85%).群体总性比为(♀:♂)=1:0.881.体长与体重的关系方程分别为:W♀=0.023L2.904(♀),W♂=0.018L2.962(♂),属于匀速生长类型.用von aertalanffy方程描述的生长方程分别为♀:Lt=65.676[1-e-0.053(t+3.305],Wt=4520.633[1-e-0.053(t+30305)]2.904;♂:Lt=49.622[1-e-0.074(t+4.017)],Wt=2034.481[1-e-0.074(t+4.017)]2.962.雌、雄个体生长的拐点年龄分别为16.6龄和10.7龄,对应的体长及体重分别为43.06 cm、1326.75 g(♀)和32.86 cm、600.31 g(♂).     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.