共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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说起报春花科植物就令人感到欣喜。这一科的近千种植物中,有500多种产于中国。其中种类最多的报春花属,中国产300种左右,占全球种数的五分之三,以致外国植物学者称中国是世界报春花科的分布中心。盛产于我国西南的报春花、点地梅等属,也是著名的高山花卉,尤其是报春花,花繁色艳,花期长,深得园艺学家青睐,一些种已在庭园和居室中广为栽培,给人们带来春天的希望。先说报春花之美报春花是报春花属（Primula）植物的泛称。这一届的植物几乎都是多年生草本。叶片基生呈莲座状,叶多有柄。花葶上方具一顶生的伞形花序,有时有2－3层乃… 相似文献
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难忘狼尾花狼尾花,好怪的名字,认识它是4O余年前的事了。一次初夏的香山植物分类实习,五颜六色的山花令人心醉,～种总状花序高高跃出草丛的开白色小花的草本植物,尤其引人注目。它的花尚未开放时,花序很短,随着众多小花由下向上纷纷绽开,花序越伸越长,下粗上细如弓背似的向下弯曲,尖部又略向上翘起,远远望去犹如动物的尾巴。原来,这就是报春花科珍珠菜属植物狼尾花。奇特的花序形态,有趣的植物名称,自此令人难忘。狼尾花忆ysi。ach。abarys－ta。Ily。）株高40一！00厘米,全株被柔毛。叶长圆技针形,长5—10厘米。花的形态… 相似文献
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本文报道了山东樟科植物的种类及其地理分布。山东的樟科植物计有5属8种,主要分布在山东半岛和鲁中南的山地丘陵区。 相似文献
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八角科植物的地理分布 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
林祁 《热带亚热带植物学报》1995,3(3):1-11
本文依据八角科的系统分类和地理分布,结合古植物、古地理和古气候资料,分析和推论八角科的起源地点在劳亚古陆,很可能是在劳亚古陆中南部的温暖湿润山地。八角科的起源时间早于白垩纪末期,很可能在白垩纪中期。八角科的迁移扩散途径是沿山地进行,从西欧进入北美,从北往南,从内陆往沿海。世界现代八角科植物是以东亚成分为主,东亚的横断山至华东一带（２０—３０°Ｎ,９８—１２３°Ｅ）为八角科的现代分布中心、现代分化中心和东亚八角科现代原始类群分布中心。八角科曾为古热带湿润山地分布型,现代为东亚－北美分布型;现代分布格局形成的原因在欧美是因为海浸和冰川作用,在亚洲则是寒化（冰川）和旱化的综合作用,而物种丰富程度则是由于东亚较北美有更多的地理隔障机制。 相似文献
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梧桐科植物的地理分布 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
梧桐科植物全世界有60属约1546种,主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,只有少数种类可分布至温带地区,由于梧桐科是多型的科,科的范围较大,对有些属是否应隶属于该科,国内外学者的意见很不一致。本文基本上按照J.Hutchinson系统和参考有关文献对一些属的分类位置作了调整,把梧桐科分为12族,根据A.Takhtajan的世界植物区系区划的原则,将梧桐植物在世界上的分布区,划分为6区8亚区23地区,并指出各属在中国各省区的地理分布,现在中国梧桐科植物连引种栽培的在内共有25属99种7变种,其中野生的有18属85种7变种,引种栽培的有8属14种,对梧桐科植物的起源和发展作了一些探讨。 相似文献
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珍稀植物景东报春的地理分布和生态生物学特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Primula interjacens Chen, an endemic and rare species to China, is restrictively distributed in Mt. Wuliangshan of Yunnan Province. Only three populations are found. The species has been fallen into endangered condition. Its present state of distribution, biological and ecological characteristics are investigated. In addition, the factors causing this species endangered and conservation strategies are analyzed briefly. 相似文献
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桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
本文对桦木科植物的研究历史作了详细的总结。在钻研文献的基础上,补充了部分系统学资料,使得花序、花、芬粉、叶表皮等各类性状能够在属间进行比较。根据外类群比较、和谐性分析等原则确定了性的演化极性,利用最大同步法和最小平行演化法对桦木科植物进行了分支分析。对各属的现代分布和地史分布作了描述,在此基础上,讨论了桦木科植物的分布中心、起源地、起源的时间和散布途径。作者试图回到遥远的晚白垩纪和早第三纪,从描绘 相似文献
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安息香科植物共12属,约150种,分布于亚洲和美洲的热带亚热带地区及欧洲南部的温暖地区。亚洲是现代安息香科植物的主要分布区,有11个属,集中分布于中国南部和西南部附近。中国南岭山地及其附近汇集了8属20多种,包括中国特有的陀螺果属、秤锤树属和长果安息香属以及东亚北美间断分布的银钟花属。这些呈星散分布的残余成分是从当地起源的。中国西南地区的安息香科植物仅云南一地就达8属30余种,其中不少为局部分化形成的狭域分布特有种。这里是安息香科植物的分化中心,茉莉果属和歧序野茉莉属可能即是由此发端的。后者和安息香属经中南半岛一直分布到热带亚洲地区,并在马来西亚地区形成一次生分化中心。欧洲安息香科植物可能来自亚洲,并于第三纪得到发展。安息香科植物在欧洲的衰落,可能是遭到第四纪冰川严重破坏的结果。北美安息香科植物和欧亚大陆的有着共同起源,主要分布于东南部,并通过中美向南美发展。南美安息香科植物达50余种,集中分布于亚马逊河流域。这里是安息香科植物的另一次生分化中心。特产巴西的花弄蝶属即是从当地分化出来的。 相似文献
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山毛榉科植物的起源和地理分布 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
本文根据植物类群系统发育与地理分布统一的原理,讨论了山毛榉科植物起源和地理分布。划定了该科植物的分布区类型。确认东亚和东南亚区为该科植物的分布中心;而马德雷区南部和加勒比区则是该科的次生分布区中心。提出了马来西亚区、东亚区和东南亚区的多数特有种带有古特有植物种性质的观点。认为山毛榉科植物可能起源于中国南部、西南部和中南半岛北部的季节性干旱热带山地森林中,它们起源的时间很可能在晚白垩纪早期。山毛榉科植物进入北美洲的迁移路线主要有两条,即从起源地经欧亚大陆、格陵兰群岛进入北美洲,及经欧亚大陆、白令陆桥进入北美洲。南美洲的山毛榉科植物则是从北美洲经中美洲迁移过去的。山毛榉科植物的现代分布格局是由三方面因素形成的,即大陆漂移形成的海陆相应位置的变化,渐新世以后开始的赤道带的向南迁移和第四纪以来冰期与间冰期多次交替出现,以及山毛榉科植物自身的生物学特性和对于环境的适应能力。在综合各类资料的基础上,讨论了山毛榉科属间的系统演化关系。 相似文献
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锦鸡儿属植物分布研究 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
依据每个种的地理分布范围,确定了出六种分布类型,并编制了属的分布密度图。结合各类发布特点及其形态特征,认为东亚西南部为其起源中心,而中亚来其变异分化中心。起源第三纪中期的原始类群Ser.Caragana,在寒旱主要压力下分化适应,形成现代化布格局。 相似文献
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Fang Zhen-Fu 《植物分类学报：英文版》1987,25(4):307-313
1. The distribution of Salix species among the continents. There are about526 species of Salix in the world, most of which are distributed in the Northern Hemispherewith only a few species in the Southern Hemisphere. In Asia, there are about 375 species, making up 71.29 percent of the total in the world, including 328 endemics; in Europe, about 114species, 21.67 percent with 73 endemics; in North America, about 91 species, 17.3 percent with71 endemics; in Africa, about 8 species, 1.5 percent, with 6 endemics. Only one species occursin South America. Asia, Europe and North America have 8 species in common (excluding 4cultivated species). There are 34 common species between Asia and Europe, 14 both betweenEurope and North America and between Asia and North America, 2 between Asia and Africa.Acording to the Continental Drift Theory, the natural circumstances which promoted speciationand protected newly originated and old species were created by the orogenic movement of theHimalayas in the middle and late Tertiary. Besides, the air temperature was a little higher inAsia than in Europe and North America (except its west part) and the dominant glaciers weremountainous in Asia during the glacial epoch in the Quaternary Period. Then willows of Europe moved southwards to Asia. During the interglacial period they moved in opposite direction. Such a to-and-fro willow migration between Asia and Europe and between and NorthAmerica occurred so often that it resulted in the diversity of willow species in Asia. Thosespecies of willows common among the continents belong to the Arctic flora. 2. The multistaminal willows are of the primitive group in Salix. Asia has 28 species ofmultistaminal willows, but Europe has only one which is also found in Asia. These 28 speciesare divided into two groups, “northern type” and “southern type”, according to morphology ofthe ovary. The boundary between the two forms in distribution is at 40°N. The multistaminal willows from south Asia, Africa and South America are very similar to each other andmay have mutually communicated between these continents in the Middle or Late CretaceousPeriod. The southern type willows in south Asia are similar to the North American multistaminal willows but a few species. The Asian southern type willows spreaded all over the continents of Europe, Asia and North America through the communication between them before theQuaternany Period. Nevertheless, it is possible that the willows growing in North Americaimmigranted through the middle America from South America. The Asian northern type multistaminal willows may have originated during the ice period. The multistaminal willows are more closed to populars in features of sexual organs. Theyare more primitive than the willows with 1-3 stamens and the most primitive ones in the genus. 3. The center of origin and development of willows Based on the above discussion it is reasonable to say that the region between 20°-40°N in East Asia is the center of the origin anddifferentiation of multistaminal willows. It covers Southern and Southwestern China and northern Indo-China Pennisula. 相似文献
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藜科植物的起源、分化和地理分布 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
全球藜科植物共约130属1500余种,广泛分布于欧亚大陆、南北美洲、非洲和大洋洲的半干旱及盐碱地区。它基本上是一个温带科,对亚热带和寒温带也有一定的适应性。本文分析了该科包含的1l族的系统位置和分布式样,以及各个属的分布区,提出中亚区是现存藜科植物的分布中心,原始的藜科植物在古地中海的东岸即华夏陆台(或中国的西南部)发生,然后向干旱的古地中海沿岸迁移、分化,产生了环胚亚科主要族的原始类群;起源的时间可能在白垩纪初,冈瓦纳古陆和劳亚古陆进一步解体的时期。文章对其迁移途径及现代分布式样形成的原因进行了讨论。 相似文献
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金粟兰科的起源,演化及其分布 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
本文利用形态解剖,孢粉学及化石资料,讨论了金粟兰科的系统;并对其起源,演化和现代分布格局形成等问题做了合理推测,主要结果如下：（１）Ｓａｒｃａｎｄｒａ和Ｃｈｌｏｒａｎｔｈｕｓ的亲缘关系最接近,而Ａｓｃａｒｉｎａ和Ｈｅｄｙｏｓｍｕｍ的系统位置最靠近。Ｓａｒｃａｎｄｒａ是金粟兰科中最原始的属,而Ｈｅｄｙｏｓｍｕｍ则是最进化的属。（２）金粟兰科可能于白垩纪最早期起源于木质部无导管的,具简单两性虫媒花的祖 相似文献
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Zhu Ge-lin 《植物分类学报：英文版》1996,34(5):486-504
Numbers of species and genera,endemic genera,extant primitive genera,relationship and distribution patterns of presently living Chenopodiaceae(two subfamilies,12 tribes,and 118 genera)are analyzed and compared for eight distributional areas,namely central Asia,Europe,the Mediterranean region,Africa,North America,South America, Australia and East Asia． The Central Asia,where the number of genera and diversity of taxa are greater than in other areas,appears to be the center of distribution of extant Chenopodiaceae．North America and Australia are two secondary centers of distribution． Eurasia has 11 tribes out of the 12,a total of 70 genera of extant chenopodiaceous plants,and it contains the most primitive genera of every tribe． Archiatriplex of Atripliceae,Hablitzia of Hablitzeae,Corispermum of Corispermeae,Camphorosma of Camphorosmaea,Kalidium of Salicornieae,Polecnemum of Polycnemeae,Alexandra of Suaedeae,and Nanophyton of Salsoleae,are all found in Eurasia,The Beteae is an Eurasian endemic tribe,demonstrating the antiquity of the Chenopodiaceae flora of Eurasia．Hence,Eurasia is likely the place of origin of chenopodiaceous plants． The presence of chenopodiaceous plants is correlated with an arid climate．During the Cretaceous Period,most places of the continent of Eurasia were occupied by the ancient precursor to the Mediterranean,the Tethys Sea．At that time the area of the Tethys Sea had a dry and warm climate．Therefore,primitive Chenopodiaceae were likely present on the beaches of this ancient land．This arid climatic condition resulted in differentiation of the tribes Chenopodieae,Atripliceae,Comphorosmeae,Salicornieae,etc．,the main primitive tribes of the subfamily Cyclolobeae. Then following continental drift and the Laurasian and Gondwanan disintegration, the Chenopodiaceae were brought to every continent to propagate and develop, and experience the vicissitudes of climates, forming the main characteristics and distribution patterns of recent continental floras. The tribes Atripliceae, Chenopodieae, Camphorosmeae, and Salicornieae of recent Chenopodiaceae in Eurasia, North America, South America, southern Africa, and Australia all became strongly differentiated. However, Australia and South America, have no genera of Spirolobeae except for a few maritime Suaeda species. The Salsoleae and Suaedeae have not arrived in Australia and South America, which indicates that the subfamily Spirolobeae developed in Eurasia after Australia separated from the ancient South America-Africa continent, and South America had left Africa. The endemic tribe of North America, the tribe Sarcobateae, has a origin different from the tribes Salsoleae and Suaedeae ofthe subfamily Spirolobeae. Sarcobateae flowers diverged into unisexuality and absence of bractlets. Clearly they originated in North America after North America had left the Eurasian continent. North America and southern Africa have a few species of Salsola, but none of them have become very much differentiated or developed, so they must have arrived through overland migration across ancient continental connections. India has no southern African Chenopodiaceae floristic components except for a few maritime taxa, which shows that when the Indian subcontinent left Africa in the Triassic period, the Chenopodiaceae hadnot yet developed in Africa. Therefore, the early Cretaceous Period about 120 million years ago, when the ancient Gondwanan and Laurasian continents disintegrated, could have been the time of origin of Chenopodiaceae plants.The Chinese flora of Chenopodiaceae is a part of Chenopodiaceae flora of central Asia. Cornulaca alaschnica was discovered from Gansu, China, showing that the Chinese Chenopodiaceae flora certainly has contact with the Mediterranean Chenopodiaceae flora. The contact of southeastern China with the Australia Chenopodiaceae flora, however, is very weak. 相似文献
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罂粟科植物的分类,进化与分布 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
罂粟科有38属约700种,作者通过对科内各属的研究,根据其主要器官(雌蕊、雄蕊,花被、果和种子)的进化趋势,重新排列科内的分类系统,在3个亚科下,包括8个亚族。在此基础上,讨论各属可能的演化关系,分析它们的分布规律,最后探讨本科的起源。 相似文献
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The genus Calligonum L. includes a total number of 35 species in theworld, of which 24 are in China. They are grouped into four sections, of which Sect. Calliphysae (Fisch. et Mey.) Borszcz. is the most primitive and Sect. Medusae Sosk. etAlexender. is the most progressive. The Calligonum L. is an ancient genus in the arid desert flora, and central Asia isthe place of its origin. Some species migrated to the Middle Asia and Iran, developinginto a second center there. Also, some newly occurred species of the Middle Asia emigrated eastwards to central Asia, so the genus Calligonum L. in China comprises components of both central Asia and the Middle Asia. The genus Calligonum L. is distributed in North Africa, south Europa and Asia,and China is the eastmost part of the distribution range. They grow in Nei Monggol,Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang. There are 12 species in the Zhuengar Basin, covering 50percent of the total number of species in China, amd thus the genus is the most abundantthere. 相似文献