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1.
淡水驯化对桐花树光合生理特性的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
刁俊明  孙卿  陈桂珠 《植物研究》2010,30(4):416-423
以实验地全光照条件下淡水和人工海水培养种植的桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)幼苗为材料,采用Li 6400光合测定仪对不同月份桐花树幼苗的光合生理生态特性日动态进行测定,研究了桐花树的光合生理生态特性。结果表明:在7、10月份桐花树的净光合速率日变化呈双峰型,均出现“光合午休”现象。在7月份人工海水组和淡水组的最大净光合速率(Pmax)分别为9.97和11.95 μmol·m-2·s-1;而10月份的Pmax分别为12.2和12.9 μmol·m-2·s-1。而且淡水驯化下,桐花树的净光合速率较人工海水组高。由光响应曲线可知,桐花树人工海水组的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)和表观量子效率(AQY)分别为7 μmol·m-2·s-1,1 477 μmol·m-2·s-1,30 μmol·m-2·s-1,0.031 3;而淡水组为8.69 μmol·m-2·s-1,980 μmol·m-2·s-1,40 μmol·m-2·s-1,0.011。在所测的生理生态因子中,光合有效辐射和气孔导度是影响桐花树光合作用最为强烈的因子,与桐花树的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均有极显著的相关关系(p<0.01)。试验说明淡水驯化的桐花树对光强的利用范围变窄,但有较高的净光合速率,表明桐花树对淡水环境具有较强的适应性。  相似文献   

2.
不同土壤水分条件下紫藤叶片生理参数的光响应   总被引:24,自引:3,他引:21  
测定了不同土壤湿度下2年生紫藤叶片光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及水分利用效率(WUE)等生理参数的光响应过程,探讨了紫藤正常生长发育所需的土壤水分和光照条件.结果表明:紫藤叶片的Pn、Tr及WUE对土壤湿度和光照强度的变化具有明显的阈值响应.维持紫藤正常生长(同时具有较高Pn和WUE)的土壤湿度范围为:体积含水量(Wv)15.3%~26.5%、相对含水量(Wr)46.4%~80.3%,最佳土壤湿度约为Wv 23.3%、Wr 70.6%.紫藤叶片对光照环境的适应性较强,在光合有效辐射强度(PAR)为600~1 600 μmol·m-2·s-1时,Pn和WUE具有较高水平,饱和光强在PAR为800~1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1.紫藤叶片光合作用非气孔限制的发生与土壤湿度与光照强度密切相关,Wv为18.4%~26.5%、Wr为55.8%~80.3%时,光合作用主要受气孔限制,光照强度的影响较小;超出此范围后,其受光照强度的影响较大,出现由气孔限制转变为非气孔限制的PAR临界值.紫藤正常生长允许的最低土壤湿度约为Wv 11.9%、Wr 36.1%,允许最高PAR约为1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1,是紫藤叶片光合机构受到破坏的临界点.  相似文献   

3.
遮光对三叶鬼针草光合作用和叶绿素含量的影响   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
采用盆栽试验,研究了遮光对三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)光合参数的影响。结果表明:遮光处理提高了三叶鬼针草叶绿素a+b含量,但叶绿素a/b的比值没有什么改变;高光强条件下生长的三叶鬼针草的最大光合速率和饱和光分别是遮光处理的379和271倍;遮光处理的初始斜率比对照高,而表观量子效率却比对照低;遮光处理的三叶鬼针草在光合有效辐射低于100 μmol·m-2·s-1时,其光合速率比对照组要高;当光合有效辐射超过650 μmol·m-2·s-1时,光合速率随光强的增加而下降;对照组在光强约为1780 μmol·m-2·s-1时才出现光合速率随光强的增加而降低的现象;遮光处理不利于三叶鬼针草的生长。  相似文献   

4.
采用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统(Li-Cor Inc., USA)对显脉金花茶光合特性进行研究。结果表明:(1)在夏季,显脉金花茶叶片的Pn日变化呈单峰曲线,最高峰出现在中午11:00。其最大净光合速率(Pmax)为3.81 μmol·m-2·s-1、光饱和点(LSP)为459.9 μmol·m-2·s-1、光补偿点(LCP)为6.9 μmol·m-2·s-1。显脉金花茶的光饱和点和光补偿点都比较低,表明其是一种阴生植物。(2)在控制光照强度和温度的条件下,CO2浓度小于800 μmol·mol-1Pn几乎呈直线上升,升高CO2浓度可使显脉金花茶的净高合速率增大,提高了叶片对光能的利用率。其叶片CO2饱和点(CSP)大约在1 200 μmol·mol-1左右,CO2的补偿点(Г*)为70.1 μmol·mol-1,最大羧化速率(Vcmax)为17.5 μmol·m-2·s-1,最大电子传递速率(Jmax)为40 μmol·m-2·s-1。  相似文献   

5.
太白山红桦种子的萌发特性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
 红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)广布于我国太白山中高海拔地区, 普遍存在着更新障碍。为了给红桦林的自然更新提供新的解释与证据, 我们对2 400粒红桦种子进行了去果皮观察并计数发芽率, 观察了红桦种子在不同光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) 和不同光照时间(强光照: PAR为 464.7 μmol photons·m-2·s-1, 12 h·d-1; 中光照: PAR为233.8 μmol photons·m-2·s-1, 12 h·d-1; 弱光 照: PAR为233.8 μmol photons·m-2·s-1, 0.5 h·d-1)、不同昼夜温差(25/20 ℃、20/15 ℃、15/10 ℃)和去果皮处理下的发芽率, 以及无光 照处理下的发芽率。此外, 还观察了种子在不同覆盖物(阔叶、针叶、针阔混合)和不同基质(土、沙)中以及在落叶(阔叶、针阔混合)中的发芽 率。红桦种子成熟时, 大约54.29%为饱满具活力的种子。种子在25/20 ℃的昼夜温差下发芽率最高, 而在15/10 ℃的昼夜温差下极少萌发。中 光照下, 种子发芽率略高于其它两种光照, 无光照则完全抑制了种子萌发。去果皮处理可促进其萌发, 各种覆盖物会导致种子发芽率下降。不 同的萌发基质对萌发无影响。以上结果暗示, 自然条件下太白山红桦种子的萌发将依赖于自然的扰动。  相似文献   

6.
在自然条件下,测定了中华七叶树(Aesculus chinensis)、黄花七叶树(A. octandra)和大花七叶树(A. hybrida)植物叶片的气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数,并对其进行比较。结果表明,3种植物的光补偿点差异较大,其中中华七叶树最低,为12.53 μmol·m-2·s-1、明显低于其它2个种(分别为36.11和46.41 μmol·m-2·s-1);3种植物的光饱和点也存在较大差异,其中中华七叶树为1 475 μmol·m-2·s-1;明显高于其它2个种(分别为1 366.67和1 025 μmol·m-2·s-1);3种植物的最大净光合速率同样存在显著性差异,其中中华七叶树为9.47 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,显著高于其它2个种(分别为5.91和2.30 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1),说明了中华七叶树具有较强的光合能力。中华七叶树的表观电子传递速率(ETR)为55.800,分别是黄花七叶树和大花七叶树的1.33、1.44倍;中华七叶树的PSⅡ总的光化学量子产额(Yield)为0.470,分别是黄花七叶树和大花七叶树的1.21、1.15倍;中华七叶树的光化学淬灭(qP)为0.975,分别是黄花七叶树和大花七叶树的1.10、1.10倍。3项荧光指标在不同树种之间差异性达显著水平,说明中华七叶树具有较高的电子传递活性和光能转化效率。  相似文献   

7.
毒莴苣是我国东南沿海地区的新入侵杂草,也是国家进境植物的检疫对象.调查发现,毒莴苣植株高大,易在入侵地形成群落优势种;常见的伴生杂草有小飞蓬、野塘蒿、鬼针草、裂叶月见草、裂叶牵牛、狗尾草、野胡萝卜、苍耳、一年蓬、山莴苣、葎草、龙葵和钻形紫菀等.应用LCA 4光合蒸腾测定系统对毒莴苣进行净光合速率测定,结果表明:该种实测净光合速率高达21.22±0.45 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,比入侵性杂草一年蓬、野塘蒿稍低,比藜、北美车前、山莴苣等高,是一种高光效植物;根据毒莴苣的光合-响应曲线,该外来入侵种的理论光补偿点为37.58 μmol·m-2·s-1, 光饱和点为1 480 μmol·m-2·s-1,理论最大净光合速率20.81 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1;毒莴苣的光合作用具有午休现象,是由于高光照和高温导致气孔阻力增加、气孔关闭,影响了植株对外的气体交换;影响净光合速率的主要因素是气孔导度、叶面光合有效辐射和叶片的蒸腾.  相似文献   

8.
对镇江北固山湿地优势植物——〓草的光合作用进行了试验研究。结果表明,春夏季晴天〓草净光合速率(Pn)的日变化为双峰曲线,有明显的光合“午休”现象;多云天〓草的Pn主要受光强制约,随光合有效辐射(PAR)变化而变化。经统计学验证,〓草的Pn与PAR、气孔导度(Gs)有显著正相关关系,而与细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)呈显著负相关。用一元二次方程拟合了〓草的光响应曲线,得到光补偿点为38.572 μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点为2 087.5 μmol·m-2·s-1。  相似文献   

9.
对10个样地中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、Cd、As、Sb和 Hg 11种土壤重金属含量及样地内豚草叶片和果实气体交换特性进行测定.结果表明,样地内豚草叶片的净光合速率在1.88~9.41 μmol·m-2·s-1,而果实的净光合速率最高可达2.81 μmol·m-2·s-1.叶片的呼吸速率、气孔导度、光合速率和水分利用效率的平均值分别为1.81 μmol·m-2·s-1、75.7 mmol·m-2·s-1、6.05 μmol·m-2·s-1和4.72 μmol·mmol-1,分别是果实的5.26、0.64、1.31和1.69倍,说明非同化器官幼嫩果实具有与叶片相当,甚至更强的呼吸、光合能力和水分利用效率;研究地点重金属Ni达到轻微污染水平,其它重金属含量都接近或者显著低于重金属污染的阈值.相关分析和多元回归分析显示,大部分土壤重金属(如Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Sb和Hg)含量的高低对豚草气体交换特性没有显著影响,仅部分重金属含量与豚草的叶片、果实气体交换特性密切相关,如Ni和Cr对豚草叶片、果实的气孔导度及水分利用效率显著相关;Cr与豚草叶片饱和光合速率显著相关;而As与豚草果实的气孔导度显著相关.表明大部分土壤重金属对叶片和球果的气体交换没有直接影响,而Ni、Cr和As可以在轻微污染甚至没有达到污染水平时影响豚草的气体交换特性.  相似文献   

10.
遮光处理对西葫芦幼苗形态特征及光合生理特性的影响   总被引:19,自引:4,他引:15  
研究了不同遮光处理对西葫芦幼苗形态及光合生理特性的影响.结果表明,在60%透光率条件下,西葫芦幼苗具有较高的相对生长率、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、单叶水分利用效率、饱和蒸汽压、表观量子效率和叶绿素含量,而胞间CO2浓度较低;西葫芦幼苗具有较高的光饱和点(1 125 μmol·m-2·s-1)、较低的光补偿点(15.2 μmol·m-2·s-1).弱光下西葫芦幼苗较耐低浓度CO2,而强光下的幼苗较耐高浓度CO2.60%透光率下西葫芦幼苗叶片丙二醛和脯氨酸含量最低,而过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性则最高.  相似文献   

11.
The influence of light of different spectral composition and levels of irradiance (2-40 Wm-2) on adventitious root formation (ARF) in birch shoot segments was investigated. Spontaneous rooting of shoot segments occurred in segments with intact apical or axillary meristems. Concerning ARF shoot meristems could be substituted by application of auxin. The very low rooting percentage of shoot segments in darkness was improved considerably by auxin application. Irradiation of cuttings was a requirement for a high percentage of spontaneous rooting. The promoting effect of light was dependent on its spectral composition and was the highest under red followed by white and blue light. The low rooting response under blue light was enhanced almost to the red light level by shielding the root-forming cutting base from light.  相似文献   

12.
The photosynthetic oxygen evolution of Chlorella vulgaris (Beijer.) cells taken from phosphate-deficient (-P) and control cultures was measured during 8 days of culture growth. Under inorganic carbon concentration (50 microM) in the measuring cell suspension and irradiance (150 micromol m(-2) s(-1)), the same as during culture growth, there were no marked differences in the photosynthetic O2 evolution rate between the -P cells and the controls. The much slower growth of -P cultures indicated that the utilization of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the CO2 assimilation and biomass production were in -P cells less efficient than in the controls. Alga cells under the phosphorus stress utilized more of the absorbed PAR in the nitrate reduction than the control cells. However, under conditions of more efficient CO2 supply (inorganic carbon concentration 150 microM, introducing of exogenous carbonic anhydrase to the measuring cell suspension) and under increased irradiance (500 micromol m(-2) s(-1)), the photosynthetic O2 evolution in -P cells reached a higher rate than in the controls. The results suggest that in -P cells the restricted CO2 availability limits the total photosynthetic process. But under conditions more favorable for the CO2 uptake and under high irradiance, the -P cells may reveal a higher photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate than the controls. It is concluded that an increased potential activity of the photosynthetic light energy absorption and conversion in the C. vulgaris cells from -P cultures is a sign of acclimation to phosphorus stress by a sun-type like adaptation response of the photosynthetic apparatus.  相似文献   

13.
外源甜菜碱对水分胁迫下桃树生理响应的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以4年生盆栽“庆丰”桃树为试材,研究了水分胁迫下桃树叶片中甜菜碱含量的变化规律及叶面喷施甜菜碱对水分胁迫下桃树生理响应的影响.结果表明:正常供水情况下,桃树叶片中甜菜碱含量为75.9~80.5 μg·g-1FM , 随着水分胁迫程度的加深,甜菜碱含量逐渐增加,停水第16 天时达278.9 μg·g-1FM ;正常供水时桃叶片细胞质膜透性为8.06%~8.61%,水分胁迫下增至28.62%,叶面喷施100和500 mg·L-1甜菜碱16d后分别为26.25%和21.79%;过氧化氢(H2O2)含量由正常情况下的27.2~32.5 μmol·g-1FM 增至胁迫后的76.4 μmol·g-1FM,叶面喷施100和500 mg·L-1甜菜碱后分别为73.2和68.5 μmol·g-1 FM;水分胁迫下,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsA-POD)活性峰值为0.435 mg·g-1 FM,甜菜碱处理后峰值达到0.490 mg·g-1 FM;游离脯氨酸与可溶性糖在干旱胁迫下逐渐累积, 500 mg·L-1甜菜碱处理分别为2.878 mg·g-1 FM和37.6 mg·g-1 FM,均低于单纯胁迫及100 mg·L-1甜菜碱处理;可溶性蛋白质含量在水分胁迫下呈下降趋势,甜菜碱处理后最小值为4.03 mg·g-1 FM,较单纯胁迫下的最低值(3.14 mg·g-1 FM)高20.3%.表明叶面喷施甜菜碱能在一定程度上减轻桃树的受害程度,提高其抗旱性.  相似文献   

14.
Comparisons between related species with different rooting capacities can provide insights into the mechanisms controlling adventitious root development. The availability of carbohydrates is often considered exclusively as an energetic requirement to drive root development; the major regulatory role in the process is often attributed to phytohormones, particularly auxin. The roles of light quantity (irradiance) and carbohydrate supply available to young aseptic donor-plants on the adventitious rooting response of Eucalyptus globulus (rooting recalcitrant) and Eucalyptus saligna (easy-to-root) were examined. The effects of the type of carbohydrate supply (sucrose or glucose) on the rooting response of cuttings was also evaluated. Light intensity supplied to mother-plants (30 or 60 mol m–2 s–1) had limited influence on the rooting response of both species, whereas dark periods were detrimental, particularly for E. globulus. In E. globulus, rooting was promoted by the absence of sucrose in donor-plant media. Presence of sucrose in donor plant medium promoted root number but did not affect rooting percentage of E. saligna. A positive effect of glucose on cutting rhizogenesis was found if this hexose was supplied during the root induction phase, followed by sucrose in the root formation step, especially for E. globulus. The same effect was not seen with fructose. The beneficial effect of glucose in the induction phase on root number was also evident under suboptimal auxin concentrations.  相似文献   

15.
热带季节雨林冠层树种绒毛番龙眼的光合生理生态特性   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
采用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定仪,对西双版纳热带季节雨林冠层树种绒毛番龙眼成树树冠上、中、下3层叶片进行了测定,分析西双版纳热带季节雨林冠层树木的光合作用.结果表明,绒毛番龙眼成树具有喜光的光合特性,光饱和点较高(1 000~1 500 μmol·m-2·s-1),而光补偿点较低(7.7~15.3 μmol·m-2·s-1),对光环境有较强的适应和调节能力,光合有效辐射是影响绒毛番龙眼光合日进程的关键因子;12月,叶片处于成熟期,生长良好,光合能力较强,树冠上层净光合速率(Pn)日变化为单峰型,最大净光合速率(Amax)约为8.9 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1;4月处于新老树叶更替期,光合能力下降,树冠上层Pn日变化为双峰型,中午出现“午休”现象,树冠上层Amax约为4.3 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1;7月上、中层叶片Pn为单峰型,下层出现“午休”.如人为使CO2浓度在短期内迅速升高,则绒毛番龙眼的Pn会增加,而气孔导度和蒸腾速率降低;CO2浓度从400 μmol·mol-1升高到800 μmol·mol-1时,干季水分利用效率(WUE)提高约50%~100%,雨季WUE较低.  相似文献   

16.
We investigated the effect of temperature and irradiance on leaf respiration (R, non-photorespiratory mitochondrial CO(2) release) of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng). Seedlings were hydroponically grown under constant 20 degrees C, controlled-environment conditions. Measurements of R (using the Laisk method) and photosynthesis (at 37 Pa CO(2)) were made at several irradiances (0-2,000 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) and temperatures (6 degrees C-30 degrees C). At 15 degrees C to 30 degrees C, substantial inhibition of R occurred at 12 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1), with maximum inhibition occurring at 100 to 200 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1). Higher irradiance had little additional effect on R at these moderate temperatures. The irradiance necessary to maximally inhibit R at 6 degrees C to 10 degrees C was lower than that at 15 degrees C to 30 degrees C. Moreover, although R was inhibited by low irradiance at 6 degrees C to 10 degrees C, it recovered with progressive increases in irradiance. The temperature sensitivity of R was greater in darkness than under bright light. At 30 degrees C and high irradiance, light-inhibited rates of R represented 2% of gross CO(2) uptake (v(c)), whereas photorespiratory CO(2) release was approximately 20% of v(c). If light had not inhibited leaf respiration at 30 degrees C and high irradiance, R would have represented 11% of v(c). Variations in light inhibition of R can therefore have a substantial impact on the proportion of photosynthesis that is respired. We conclude that the rate of R in the light is highly variable, being dependent on irradiance and temperature.  相似文献   

17.
A relationship between light conditions, auxin transport and adventitious root formation by hypocotyls of tomato seedling cuttings was demonstrated. Effective rooting of tomato seedling cuttings was observed under continuous white light (WL) irradiation. However, root formation was reduced in darkness or under red (RL) or blue light (BL). At least 3/4-day-long irradiation treatment with (WL) was necessary to increase the number of roots formed in comparison with control cuttings grown in darkness. Light was most effective if applied during the first half of the 13-day-long rooting period. The role of photoreceptor-dependent light perception in the light-regulation of rooting was tested using tomato photomorphogenic mutants: aurea (au) and high pigment (hp). When exposed to WL both mutants generated fewer roots then their isogenic wild type (WT). In darkness or under BL and RL less roots were formed on all plants and no difference was observed between mutants and WT plants. TIBA (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) inhibited rooting in a dose-dependent manner both in darkness and under WL. However, although rooting was suppressed by 0.75 M TIBA in the dark, 8 M TIBA was necessary to block root formation in continuous WL. Inhibition of rooting by TIBA was most efficient when applied at the initial period of rooting, a 1-day-long treatment with TIBA being sufficient to suppress rooting if given during the first 2 days of culture. Later treatment had much less effect on the root formation.  相似文献   

18.
Untreated and indole-3-butyrie acid-treated (IBA) cuttings from 90-day-old Pinus banksiana Lamb, stock plants were propagated under normal greenhouse irradiance (max. 900 $$mol m-2 s-1) and shade (max. 120 $$mol m-2 s-1) to determine effects on adventitious rooting and on reducing sugar and starch concentrations in needles and basal stems. In one experiment, cuttings were assessed at days 15 and 25 of propagation for basal 1-cm stem fresh weight, proportion rooted, number of roots and longest root length. In a second experiment with cuttings, basal 1-cm stem fresh weight and concentrations of reducing sugar and starch in needles and basal stems were measured each day for the first 10 days of propagation. Carbohydrate measurements were also made for seedling stock plants as controls for the second experiment. Carbohydrate data for cuttings were primarily evaluated based on net (cutting minus seedling) concentrations, to correct for changes in cuttings not related to adventitious rooting. Increase of basal stem fresh weight and rooting of cuttings, based on all measured variables, occurred in the order: light + IBA > light > shade + IBA > shade. The best rooting required the greater irradiance. Compared to results from cuttings in the light, shading resulted in lesser accumulations of reducing sugars and starch in needles and basal stems. Reducing sugar: starch concentration ratios were significantly greater in shade- vs light-propagated cuttings, IBA treatment did not offset the effects of shade on rooting or on reducing sugar and starch concentrations or ratios. Overall, the results suggested that decreased reducing sugar and starch concentrations and/or their increased ratios are associated with shade-induced poor rooting of P. banksiana cuttings.  相似文献   

19.
Water stress and root formation in pea cuttings   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The stock plants of pea (Pistum sativium L. cv. Alaska) grown for 11 days at 16 W m?2 38 W m?2 were subjected to different degrees of moisture stress, simulated with polyethyleneglycol (PEG, 6000) for different periods. The cuttings were made at the end of stress treatments, planted in perlite and allowed to root in a mist propagation chamber. The number of adventitious roots formed on the cuttings from non-stressed plants was significantly higher under low (16 W m?2) than under high (38 W m?2) irradiance. However, under the influence of short duration stress the number of roots increased significantly under high but not under low irradiance. There was significantly poor rooting after prolonged stress under both irradiances. The leaf osmotic potential ψπ showed a greater reduction with increasing degree and duration of stress at 38 W m?2 than at 16 W m?2. The differential rooting behaviour as a result of stress levels and irradiances is discussed in the light of available literature on adventitious root formation.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of radiation quality (350 – 740 nm) and darkness (D) on in vitro rooting, and chemical composition of the peach rootstock GF 677 was studied. Shoot explants were exposed for four weeks to cool white (control) (W), red (R), blue (B), green (G) or yellow (Y) radiation from fluorescent tubes. Some of the explants were kept in D during the rooting stage and others were maintained only for the first 2- or 4-d under R, B, G, Y or D, and subsequently were transferred to W. W was the most effective radiation source for adventitious root formation of GF 677 explants. Rooting was inhibited in those plants that remained in continuous D, and R reduced root growth in all treatments. The 2- or 4-d exposure to D, Y or B followed by W helped adventitious root development similarly as did W. G significantly increased Fe concentration in roots.  相似文献   

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