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西南地区家猪和野猪mtDNA遗传多样性研究 总被引:30,自引:3,他引:30
本实验用ApaI、AvaI、BamHI、BclI、BglII、BglII、ClaI、EcoRI、EcoRV、HindIII、Hpal、KpnI、PstI、PvuII、SacI、SalI、ScaI、SmaI、XbaI和XhoI等20种限制性内切酶分析来自中国西南地区的家猪和野猪的mtDNA群体遗传多样性。结果表明:在全部28只个体中,共检出26种限制性态型(morph),归结为6种不同的限制性类型,限制性类型的差异主要来源于少数几个限制性位点的偶然突变。利用现代分子群体遗传学方法,对这些猪的遗传多样性进行评估,结果表明中国西南地区猪的mtDNA变异度很低,遗传多样性贫乏,提示西南地区的猪起源于一个共同的祖先,在品种形成的早期可能受到创立者效应的制约。 相似文献
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采用水平淀粉胶蛋白电泳技术分析了云南文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛的33种血液蛋白及同工酶,共计37个遗传座位,其中6个座位检测到多态性。文山黄牛的多态座位百分比P=0.1389,平均杂合度H=0.0610,迪庆黄牛P=0.1667,H=0.0691。通过Nei氏遗传距离计算,运用PHYLIP3.5C软件包中的“UPGMA”,“CONTML”和“NEIGHBOR”法,结合前人报道的数据对10个黄牛品种进行聚类分析。结果得出:文山黄牛可能主要起源于瘤牛(Bosindicus),迪庆黄牛可能主要起源于普通黄牛(Bostaurus)。我们的结果提示,云南黄牛可能是由当地人驯化的野生牛群与外来的驯化牛群相结合并适应当地气候和环境逐渐形成的,因而在蛋白水平上具有较为丰富的多样性。 相似文献
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采用简单重复序列区间(ISSR,Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat)分子标记技术,对采自广东省的濒危植物兰花蕉(Orchidantha chinensisT.L.Wu)的7个居群137个个体进行遗传变异分析。用10个ISSR引物共扩增出清晰谱带101条,其中58条具有多态性,总多态位点百分率为57.43%。居群水平相对较低,多态位点百分率在6.93%-35.64%之间,平均为18.24%。经POPGENE1.31数据处理,结果表明:在物种水平上Nei基因多样性为0.1254±0.1686;Shannon信息指数为0.2000±0.2429;Nei基因分化系数为0.5481,表明54.81%的遗传变异分布在居群间,45.19%的遗传变异分布在居群内。物种居群间的遗传一致度在0.8855-0.9511之间。我们认为红花潭是其最适合生境,建议在此建立自然保护区;鉴于兰花蕉居群间出现了一定程度的分化,为最大限度地保护兰花蕉的遗传多样性,建议在自然居群间进行相互移栽,以提高群体间的基因交流。 相似文献
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以8个地理类群的90份鹅观草野生种质材料为研究对象,采用A-PAGE(酸性聚丙烯酰胺)凝胶电泳技术进行蛋白质水平遗传多样性检测.研究结果表明,来源于不同居群的鹅观草共分离出26条谱带,每个材料可以分离出5~26条迁移率不同的谱带, 平均谱带数为16.39条,其中平均多态性谱带为12.65条,多态性比例为77.22%;基于供试材料醇溶蛋白每个位点谱带出现的频率,分别计算了地理类群内多样性指数(0.345)和总多样性指数(0.471),类群间的遗传分化系数为26.8%,表明鹅观草变异的73.2% 来源于类群内;90份供试材料醇溶蛋白的Jaccard遗传相似系数变异范围为0.133 3~1.000,平均遗传相似系数为0.395 7;利用种子醇溶蛋白可将90份材料分为12类,鹅观草种质资源之间的亲缘关系呈现出一定的地域性规律;不同地理类群间的遗传多样性指数从高到低的排列顺序依次为云南>四川>内蒙古>新疆>山西>甘肃>宁夏>河北.因此在进行鹅观草种质资源收集和原地保护时,建议对云南和四川地区的鹅观草种质资源应给予极大关注. 相似文献
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白木香遗传多样性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用ISSR分子标记技术对白木香(Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg)的遗传多样性进行分析.结果表明,白木香物种水平的遗传多样性较高,而居群水平的遗传多样性相对较低,其中广东茂名居群的遗传多样性最高.白木香居群间存在较大的遗传分化,遗传分化系数G_(ST)=0.4425,表明居群内遗传分化大于居群间的分化.UPGMA聚类分析表明白木香分化为两个谱系,其中谱系Ⅰ由广东、福建、海南的5居群组成,谱系Ⅱ由广西、云南的3个居群组成.居群间的基因交流受到阻碍(Nm=0.6633<1),阻碍主要产生于两个谱系间,而谱系内部的居群间在较近的历史时期基因交流频繁(Nm分别为1.4382和1.2333),谱系分化的原因主要是地理因素,两谱系交界处有云开山脉等形成的天然屏障,阻碍物种的扩展和基因交流. 相似文献
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利用cpSSR和AFLP标记,比较了巴山松、黄山松、油松、马尾松以及云南松的遗传多样性与遗传分化结果.发现5种松树都表现出较高水平的遗传多样性与种间分化,但cpSSR比AFLP标记提供了更多的种内种间分化,而展示的遗传多样性相对要少.在对不同方法指标的对比研究后,认为将cpSSR的单倍体关系考虑在内,能够更有效地分析植物居群遗传分化造成的地理结构.对于显性标记AFLP,传统的平方根法会低估遗传参数,而Lynch和Milligen的方法因样本量的限制也可能高估遗传多样性,Bayesian法被认为是最精确的方法,提供了与分子方差分析(AMOVA)近似的遗传分化值. 相似文献
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贵州苏铁遗传多样性研究 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12
贵州苏铁 (Cycasguizhouensis)是我国一级保护植物。尽管其分布区仅限于滇、桂、黔三省交界的南盘江流域 ,却是中国苏铁属植物中分布最广的一个种。同时 ,它也是我国少数几种分布在北回归线以北的苏铁植物之一 ,对古植物和古气候等有着极为重要的研究价值 (杨成华等 ,1 996)。贵州苏铁像其它苏铁植物一样已经经历了两亿多年的沧桑巨变 ,但近几十年以来 ,由于生境片段化和人为的直接破坏 ,其居群和个体数目急剧减少 ,濒危状态日益严重。贵州苏铁的形态、分布、生态和繁殖等方面的研究已有报道 (杨成华等 ,1 996 ;邓朝义 ,1 999) ,但有关其遗… 相似文献
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Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci from Lasiopodomys brandtii have been isolated and characterized. Two to 11 alleles per locus were detected from 52 Brandt's voles samples collected from a single population. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.406 to 0.840. For the majority of loci observed heterozygosities were similar to or greater than the expected heterozygosity. One locus pair appeared to be in linkage disequilibrium. The microsatellite markers will enable the studies of genetic diversity, population structure and relatedness in this species, and perhaps in closely related species of vole. 相似文献
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Daniel C Ciobanu Andrew E Day Alexandru Nagy Richard Wales Max F Rothschild Graham S Plastow 《遗传、选种与进化》2001,33(4):417-432
Analysis of the genetic variation of an endangered population is an important component for the success of conservation. Animals from two local Romanian pig breeds, the Mangalitsa and Bazna, were analysed for variation at a number of genetic loci using PCR-based DNA tests. Polymorphism was assessed at loci which 1) are known to cause phenotypic variation, 2) are potentially involved in trait differences or 3) are putative candidate genes. The traits considered are disease resistance, growth, coat colour, meat quality and prolificacy. Even though the populations are small and the markers are limited to specific genes, we found significant differences in five of the ten characterised loci. In some cases the observed allele frequencies were interesting in relation to gene function and the phenotype of the breed. These breeds are part of a conservation programme in Romania and marker information may be useful in preserving a representative gene pool in the populations. The use of polymorphisms in type 1 (gene) markers may be a useful complement to analysis based on anonymous markers. 相似文献
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Assessing temporal and spatial variation in wild populations of Atlantic salmon with particular reference to Asturias (Northern Spain) rivers 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The extent of genetic variation and levels of temporal and spatial heterogeneity was investigated, at six polymorphic protein‐coding loci, in wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar populations from six rivers of Asturias (Northern Spain). Also, stocks from northern Europe that were among those introduced to repopulate Asturian Rivers, and other wild Spanish and European populations were characterized. The lack of temporal variation observed suggests that effective population sizes of Asturian populations are sufficiently large to prevent extreme levels of genetic drift and that the introduced fish had a negligible contribution to the fisheries of Asturian rivers. 相似文献
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翘嘴红鲌苏州和宜兴养殖种群的遗传多样性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:对翘嘴红鲌养殖种群遗传多样性进行分析,以科学地评价它们的种群遗传结构。方法:采用RAPD技术,对翘嘴红鲌苏州和宜兴养殖种群的遗传多样性进行分析。结果:苏州养殖种群的多态位点比例为25%,种群平均杂合度为0.1654,Shannon多样性指数为0.671;宜兴群体的多态位点比例为22.4%,群体平均杂合度为0.1446,Shannon多样性指数为0.0594。苏州群体内各个体之间的遗传相似度度为0.9378,遗传距离为0.0622;宜兴群体内各个体之间的遗传相似度度为0.9444,遗传距离为0.0556;两群体之间的遗传距离为0.0146。结论:两种群具有较低的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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湖北省三品种猪27个微卫星座位的遗传变异 总被引:41,自引:2,他引:41
采用国际动物遗传学会(ISAG)和联合国粮农组织(FAO)共同推荐的27个微卫星标记,对湖北省3个主要地方猪种(通城猪、清平猪和阳新猪)的遗传变异进行了检测。计算出各个品种的基因杂合度、各个座位的多态信息含量及品种间的遗传距离。结果表明,3个地方猪种的平均基因杂合度分别为0.7489、0.6987和0.6273,遗传多样性比较丰富;通城猪和清平猪亲缘关系较近,而两者与阳新猪亲缘关系略远。 相似文献
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In the context of a general survey on genetic variation of isozyme-gene systems which function in the carbohydrate degradation
and conversion, we detected a reciprocal relationship between genetic diversity at the hexokinase (HEK-A) and phosphoglucose
isomerase (PGI-B) loci in Scots pine populations. Further studies on Norway spruce, Douglas-fir and Siberian stone pine revealed
that this relationship appears to be a more general phenomenon in conifers such that increasing diversity at one locus is
correlated with a decrease in diversity at the other locus. Since the two gene loci are not structurally linked but are encoding
enzymes of two sucessive metabolic steps in the glucose conversion towards glycolysis, it is assumed that some sort of selection,
especially during germination and early embryo development, may be the causal explanation. A metabolically-based model incorporating
selective advantage and disadvantage of alternate two-locus genotypes at HEK-A/PGI-B was presented in order to elucidate the
possible adaptive nature of this reciprocal relationship.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Previous studies of the correlations between the languages spoken by human populations and the genes carried by the members of those populations have been limited by the small amount of genetic markers available and by approximations in the treatment of linguistic data. In this study we analyzed a large collection of polymorphic microsatellite loci (377), distributed on all autosomes, and used Ruhlen's linguistic classification, to investigate the relative roles of geography and language in shaping the distribution of human DNA diversity at a worldwide scale. For this purpose, we performed three different kinds of analysis: (i) we partitioned genetic variances at three hierarchical levels of population subdivision according to language group by means of a molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA); (ii) we quantified by a series of Mantel's tests the correlation between measures of genetic and linguistic differentiation; and (iii) we tested whether linguistic differences are increased across known zones of increased genetic change between populations. Genetic differences appear to more closely reflect geographic than linguistic differentiation. However, our analyses show that language differences also have a detectable effect on DNA diversity at the genomic level, above and beyond the effects of geographic distance. 相似文献
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8个亚洲水牛群体的遗传结构分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
应用13个微卫星标记结合荧光–多重PCR技术, 对德昌水牛、兴隆水牛、富钟水牛、温州水牛、东流水牛、福安水牛和两个引进品种摩拉水牛、尼里-拉菲水牛进行遗传结构分析。结果表明: 8个水牛群体在13个微卫星座位中共检测到157个等位基因, 其中7个群体具有各自的特有等位基因, 其和为23; 8个群体的有效等位基因数在2.2908~4.2308之间, 杂合度在0.4951~0.7194之间, 多态信息含量在0.4495~0.6776之间; 有11个座位为高度多态座位, 是适合分析水牛遗传多样性的多态标记; 聚类分析表明富钟水牛和东流水牛先聚在一起, 再与兴隆水牛聚在一起, 然后与温州水牛和福安水牛聚在一起, 德昌水牛独自聚为一类; 两个引进品种聚为一类。 相似文献
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Bosiljka Krtinić Ljubinka Francuski Dušan Petrić Vesna Milankov 《Journal of vector ecology》2013,38(1):154-162
Genetic diversity was studied at allozyme loci in two Palearctic and one Nearctic population of Aedimorphus (=Aedes) vexans, a species of public health and veterinary importance. The population from Serbia was the most polymorphic (P= 35%) with the highest observed heterozygosity (Ho= 0.027). The lowest observed heterozygosity (Ho= 0.010) was obtained for the Nearctic population. All analyses based on individual (STRUCTURE analysis) and population level (pairwise FST,Nm values, AMOVA, Nei's D value) revealed significant structuring between Nearctic and Palearctic populations, indicating a lack of gene flow and thus, the presence of independent gene pools. Taxon‐specific alleles at the diagnostic Ao, Hk‐2, Hk‐3, Hk‐4, Idh‐1, and Idh‐2 loci were used for identification and separation of Nearctic and Palearctic populations. Population genetics study provided valuable information on the correct distinction of Am. vexans populations and their adaptive potential that could find a future use in the studies of vector competence and development of vector‐control strategies. 相似文献
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P. Morán J. Perez† J. Dumas‡ E. Beall‡ E. GarcíaVázquez†§ 《Journal of fish biology》2005,67(S1):185-199
Genetic variation at 24 enzymatic loci was investigated in eight south European Atlantic salmon populations from the rivers Nivelle, Cares, Sella, Narcea, Esva, Navia, Porcia and Eo. In these rivers, management based on supplementation of native populations with foreign stocks was carried out for more than one decade. Population genetic patterns expressed in terms of allele frequencies, mean heterozygosity and conformity to Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium, were significantly different between populations. Relevant temporal changes of genetic variability were reported. Evidence that foreign stocking has disturbed the genetic patterns of some of the studied populations is presented. 相似文献