部队膳食营养调查与评估

目的:了解新的《军人食物定量标准》颁布后驻港澳部队换进干部集训期的膳食营养状况,为今后指导该部队合理膳食提供参考依据。方法:选取2010年入选的237名驻港澳部队换进干部,进行连续3d称重法膳食调查和连续3d生活观察法进行能量消耗测定,以及进行相关的生化检测和体测量。结果:(1)调查对象每人每日的能量消耗为(13.4±2.8)MJ,约(3221.1±658.7)Kcal,属于中等劳动强度,每人每日的能量摄入为5192 Kcal,超过其能量供给量。(2)膳食结构中粮食每人日摄入711.8 g,占新军标的101.7%;其中,畜肉、牛奶、大豆、蔗糖、水果、干菜类均未达到新军人食物定量标准;营养素的供给量基本都达到军标要求。(3)BMI≥24 Kg/m2的占到集训总人数的33.8%,64名进行生化检测的受试者的血清胆固醇高于正常值者占到4.7%,甘油三酯高于正常值者占到3.1%。结论:调查对象的营养供给能满足基本需要,但膳食结构尚需完善,建议加强营养宣教,改善其营养质量。     

北京市丰台区学龄儿童营养状况及膳食摄入调查

目的：了解北京市丰台区某小学学生的膳食结构与营养状况。方法：2013年4月对丰台区某小学1~6年级208名学生进行3d膳食调查,根据《中国居民膳食指南》和“中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量”作出评价。将身高、体重指标与2002年全国营养调查城市儿童数据进行比较,并根据《中国学龄儿童青少年BMI 超重、肥胖筛查分类标准》算出超重、肥胖率。结果：该小学学生身高、体重较2002年全国营养调查有所增长,各年龄组的男女生超重、肥胖现象均很普遍;随年龄增加维生素摄入不足的现象有所增加,维生素A、C摄入不足现象严重;膳食结构不合理,豆类、蔬菜、水果、奶类摄入不足,鱼、虾、肉、禽类输入超过推荐值。结论：该人群超重与肥胖率较高、营养素摄入不均衡、膳食结构不合理,应尽快采取合理的综合干预措施,有效地改善其膳食营养状况。     

亚丁湾海军护航官兵营养状况调查

目的：评价护航官兵的营养健康状况及膳食结构合理性。方法：参与索马里、亚丁湾海域护航任务的某批官兵372人,年龄18~56岁,平均年龄29±7.5岁。采用问卷调查的方式对护航官兵的身高、体重、各类食物摄入、水、营养剂补充、体重丢失及膳食摄入减少情况进行调查和膳食营养状况评价。结果：护航官兵营养不良比例（包括不足与过剩）总计31%,其中营养过剩30%、营养不足1%。返航后,13%护航官兵营养状况受损,医务人员和加强人员营养受损和营养过剩均高于舰员。96%护航官兵主食摄入满足每日需要量,79%护航官兵肉类摄入满足每日需要量。10%护航官兵未摄入蛋类、12%护航官兵未摄入奶类、13%护航官兵未摄入水果类食物。结论：部分护航官兵存在着营养过剩或不足、膳食结构不合理、微量营养素补充剂摄入不足等问题,舰员整体营养健康状况优于医务人员和加强人员。     

2010—2012年中国农民膳食摄入特征及地区差异研究

基于2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据,获取中国农民膳食营养状况,得到中国不同性别、年龄农民的能量、宏量营养素和膳食结构特征,并比较不同省份农民摄入特征的差异,结果发现：中国农民男性和女性随着年龄增加能量和宏量营养素摄入下降;随着城市经济发展水平下降,农民的能量摄入量增加,碳水化合物摄入量及其供能比增加、脂肪摄入量及其供能比下降,蛋白质摄入量略有增加,但是优质蛋白比例大幅下降。中国农民能量和宏量营养素摄入总体充足,东部沿海和长江流域地区农民脂肪供能比超出30%上限,上海、天津、江苏等地农民的脂肪供能比达到35%以上,北方大部分地区农民的优质蛋白比例远低于推荐值。     

妊娠糖尿病患者营养素摄入情况及影响因素分析

目的：通过调查妊娠糖尿病孕妇在孕中期能量及营养素的摄入量,探讨孕期膳食结构、孕前体重、孕期体重增长等对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响,为进一步针对孕期营养指导和干预提供科学依据。方法：选取北京友谊医院营养门诊就诊的170例妊娠糖尿病患者作为调查对象,使用24 h膳食回顾调查法和食物频度法,分析其每天膳食中热能及营养素的摄入量,并将相关指标进行Pearson相关分析,探讨孕期膳食、孕前体重、体重增长情况对妊娠期糖尿病发病的影响。结果：患妊娠糖尿病孕妇孕中期每日膳食中水果与油脂类的摄入量高于推荐摄入量;每日总能量摄入略低,蛋白质供能比例为14.2%、脂肪供能比为33.9%;每日饮食中,除钾、维生素E的摄入量高于推荐量外,其他矿物元素和维生素的摄入量均偏低;孕期增重与孕期摄入的总能量成正相关（r=0.157,P＜0.05）,口服葡萄糖耐量试验（DGTT）2h血糖值与孕期摄入的总能量成正相关（r=0.2,P＜0.05）,与摄入的脂肪量成正相关（r=0.17,P＜0.05）,空腹血糖值与孕前体质指数成正相关（r=0.209,P＜0.05）。结论：妊娠糖尿病患者在孕中期饮食结构不合理,脂肪摄入过多,妊娠期间应合理控制饮食,做到营养均衡合理,同时应加强妊娠期妇女的孕期营养健康教育及围产期保健,控制体重的合理增长,降低妊娠妊娠糖尿病的发病率,提高母婴健康水平。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎入境筛查患者膳食营养调查

目的：了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）入境筛查患者膳食状况,为改善其营养状况提供科学依据。方法：采用食物频率法调查2020年3月25日—2020年6月18日于定点医院就诊的18~50岁COVID-19入境筛查患者（包括可疑症状患者及无症状感染者）的饮食状况,计算能量及营养素摄入量,并与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较。结果：调查共纳入247人,其中可疑症状患者211人、无症状感染者36人。筛查患者水产类、蔬菜、水果、大豆类存在不同程度的摄入不足;畜禽类、蛋类摄入过量;膳食纤维、硫胺素、钙摄入不足;无症状感染者水产类摄入量高于可疑症状患者（P<0.05）;男性无症状感染者膳食纤维及维生素E摄入量高于可疑症状患者,女性无症状感染者维生素E及钾摄入量高于可疑症状患者（P<0.05）。筛查患者蛋白质供能比及优质蛋白比例合理,无症状感染者脂肪供能比偏高、碳水化合物供能比偏低。结论：入境筛查患者膳食结构不合理,应对其进行营养宣教,并根据人群特点调整饮食结构。     

天津市糖尿病人群夏季膳食营养状况及类黄酮摄入量调查与评价

目的：评价天津市糖尿病人群膳食营养状况及类黄酮物质的摄入量,为其健康饮食提供指导。方法：采用连续5d的24h膳食回顾法,对糖尿病病人进行膳食营养调查,结合中国居民膳食营养素的推荐摄入量（recommended nutrition intake,RNI）、适宜摄入量（adaptive intake,AI）以及中国居民平衡膳食宝塔（Balance Diet Pagoda）对其膳食营养状况做出评价;根据膳食调查的结果,计算类黄酮物质的摄入量。结果：本次调查显示,糖尿病病人能量摄入量均偏低,脂肪的供能比例偏高。男性仅维生素C和烟酸的摄入量达标,女性维生素的摄入量均不达标。糖尿病病人存在钙摄入严重不足而钠摄入量严重超标的现象,且与男性相比,女性矿物质的摄入量要普遍偏低。除了钙以外,男性其余种类矿物质摄入量均达标;女性除了磷、钠、铁、锰的摄入量达标以外,其余种类均不达标。糖尿病病人类黄酮的主要食物来源为玉米、土豆、西瓜以及甜瓜等,男性每日类黄酮的摄入量为38.23mg、女性为38.27mg。糖尿病病人摄入的膳食种类主要包括粮谷类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉类、蛋类、豆制品、牛奶及奶制品、食用油以及食盐。其中水果类、鱼虾以及奶制品的摄入量偏低,蛋类以及食盐摄入过多;男性的畜禽肉摄入过多。结论：糖尿病病人能量摄入偏低,脂肪供能比偏高,维生素和钙摄入不足,而钠摄入偏高;类黄酮的主要食物来源为谷物、季节性水果蔬菜等;膳食结构存在不合理现象,水果、鱼虾、奶制品的摄入量过低,而畜禽肉、蛋类以及食盐的摄入量过多。     

甘肃省定西市六县区居民膳食调查结果分析

目的：了解西部贫困地区定西市六县区居民的营养素摄入水平及膳食模式,以为精准扶贫、精准脱贫提供科学依据。方法：采用分层随机整群抽样的方法从甘肃省定西市安定区、临洮县、陇西县、岷县、通渭县、漳县各随机抽取200名居民进行膳食调查。采用24h膳食回顾法记录连续3d所有摄入的食物名称及摄入量。采用CDGSS 2.0营养素分析软件计算每人每日热量及营养素的摄入量。结果：六县区居民平均每标准人日摄入水果、水产类、奶类等食物偏低;维生素A和钙的摄入水平普遍偏低;脂肪供能百分比偏高;膳食铁90%以上来自植物性食物,吸收利用率低。结论：居民的膳食结构仍以多种营养素摄入不足为主要问题,饮食结构有待进一步合理化,应增加维生素A和钙、铁等的摄入,建议加强居民营养健康知识教育,改变其不合理的饮食习惯。     

50例食管癌住院患者营养状况评价及影响因素分析

目的：了解食管癌住院患者营养状况及其影响因素,为改善其营养状况提供临床依据。方法：收集2015年3—5月期间新桥医院胸外科食管癌住院患者共50例,患者入院后2d内对其进行连续3d 24h膳食回顾调查、SGA评价、人体测量和实验室检查等。结果：参照中国居民膳食营养素推荐摄入量（DRIS）,被调查患者能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、VA当量、VE、VC、VB1、VB2、VB3、Ca、Fe、Zn、Se等营养素的摄入量严重不足;SGA 分级营养良好A级13例（26%）,轻、中度营养不良B级27例（54%）,重度营养不良C级10例（20%）;不同营养状况分级患者与血清前白蛋白、白蛋白、BMI相关性较好（P＜005）,与皮褶厚度、上臂围、总蛋白、淋巴细胞计数等相关性较差,差异无统计学意义（P>005）。结论：食管癌住院患者营养不良的发生率为74%,亟需进行营养干预,同时,SGA可作为一种相对简便行之有效的评价工具用于临床评价肿瘤患者营养状况和预后。     

126例维持性血液透析患者膳食调查

目的：通过膳食调查了解维持性血液透析患者饮食结构和膳食摄入量,评估各膳食营养素摄入量对血液透析患者营养需求的满足程度,为合理营养干预提供依据。方法：本课题以我国慢性肾脏病蛋白营养治疗共识（2005）及欧洲肠外肠内营养学会（ESPEN）的膳食指南为推荐量,采用24h膳食回顾法调查血透患者连续3d膳食摄入情况,分析食物来源和饮食结构,评价每日食物及每日营养素摄入量,比较各营养素摄入量与推荐量的差异性。结果：根据食物分类,血透患者日均摄入量排在前三位分别是蔬菜类（247.5g,占34%）、谷类（209g,占28.7%）和水果类（71.5g,占9.8%）,排在末三位分别是鱼类、豆类、蛋类（13.7g,占1.9%;22.2g,占3.0%;27.6g,占3.9%）;动物性食物是蛋白质摄入的主要食物来源（占62%）,植物性食物是钙、铁摄入的主要食物来源（占53%和69%）;与推荐量相比,血透患者除了维生素E和钠的摄入量大于推荐量外,日均总热卡和三大产热营养素（蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物）摄入量低于推荐量;部分维生素（维生素C、维生素B1、B2、B6）和部分矿物质（锌、硒、铁等）摄入量低于推荐量（P＜0.05）。结论：血透患者普遍存在膳食摄入不足的问题,大部分膳食营养素摄入量不能满足血透患者营养需求,建议加强饮食指导和营养支持。     

Body build related body composition and nutrition in adulthood--a comparison of skinfold thickness measurement and bioelectric impedance analysis

The objective of the present study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of body build, body composition and nutritional status. The study sample consists of 498 men and women aged from 35 to 65 years. Subjects underwent a detailed anthropometric examination incompassing thirty-one body measurements, eleven skinfold thickness measurements, and bioelectrical impedance analysis for determination of body composition. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was clearly associated with age and body build. Somatometric differentiation by use of the metric index showed that percentage of body fat was significantly higher in pycnomorphic compared to leptomorphic subjects, whereas reported dietary energy intake was lower. Comparison of estimates of body fat showed considerably deviating results for skinfold thickness measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis depending on the equations used. This was especially pronounced in obese subjects, where, on an average, bioelectrical impedance analysis resulted in higher values for percentage of body fat compared to skinfold thickness measurements. We conclude that for assessment of nutritional status body composition should be investigated taking into account body build in addition to age and sex.     

某军医大学学生2013年营养及体能状况调查

目的:探讨某军医大学学生2013年某一时段营养及体能情况,以提高军校医学生身体素质。方法:选取2013年1月~2013年2月某军医大学在学校餐厅集体就餐的学员682人,采用称重法调查膳食,测定学员体重、身高,计算体重指数(BMI),对学员的体能状况进行测试。结果:调查学生蛋类、食用油摄入过多,而禽肉、豆类、蔬菜、牛奶、水果等均低于军标;Vit A、Vit C以及钙元素每日摄入量明显不足;学生每日获得热能的分配比例较好,均已达到军标;调查学生中男生体能状况优于女生(x2=22.035,P0.001),女生的超重人数明显多于男生(x2=20.142,P0.001)。结论:建议该校对餐厅炊事人员增加供应学生的食物品种,特别是水产、牛奶等富含优质蛋白的食品;强化学生体育锻炼的监督和指导工作,帮助他们增强自身体质,为国防现代化服务。     

Adequacy of food rations in soldiers during exercise in hot, day-time conditions assessed by doubly labelled water and energy balance methods

The energy requirements of people doing physical work in hot climates are not clearly understood. In particular, we know little about the combined effects of heat stress and muscular work on energy requirements. During military exercises in the African bush soldiers are supplied with standard rations, the adequacy of which is unknown. We have now assessed the adequacy of these food and water rations in 12 male Zimbabwean soldiers during 12 days of strenuous, heat-stress exercise in the field. We used two methods to measure energy expenditure: the double-labelled water method (DLW) and the energy balance method (i.e. comparing dietary energy with changes, if any, in body energy stores). Two groups were studied: one group (eight subjects) carried out field exercises; the control group consisted of four soldiers doing normal work. Mean daily energy expenditure as assessed by the DLW method was [mean (SE)] 23 (1.5) MJ · day⁻¹ for the field group and 14 (0.5) MJ · day⁻¹ for the control group (P<0.001). By the energy balance method, daily energy expenditure was calculated to be 26 (0.7) MJ · day⁻¹ and 15.5 (0.4) MJ · day⁻¹ for the field group and control group, respectively. Body mass loss was 3 (0.1) kg [4.6 (0.3)% of body mass] for the field group, but the control group gained 1.1 (0.1) kg. Mean daily fluid intake was 11 (0.5) 1 · day⁻¹, suggesting that the standard ration supplied was inadequate. Body mass loss was caused by both the energy deficit and total body water loss. These results suggest strenuous work in hot, dry field conditions imposes extra energy requirements. Accepted: 21 January 1997     

Dietary analysis of young professional soccer players for 1 week during the competitive season

Limited data exist concerning the dietary practices of young professional soccer players that compete within the United Kingdom. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional and activity habits of professional male soccer players (n = 10; age: 17 ± 1 years, height: 1.72 ± 0.01 m, mass: 67.5 ± 1.8 kg, estimated maximal aerobic capacity: 57.8 ± 0.9 ml·kg·min) who played for the youth team of a UK-based Championship club. All players recorded their 7-day dietary intake and activity habits during a competitive week that included a match day, 4- training days, and 2 rest days in the first half of the 2009/2010 playing season. The intake of carbohydrates (5.9 ± 0.4 g·kg·d), proteins (1.7 ± 0.1 g·kg·d), and fats (1.5 ± 0.1 g·kg·d) represented 56 ± 1, 16 ± 1, and 31 ± 1% of the mean daily energy intake respectively. The intake of fiber was found to be significantly lower than Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) values (67% of RNI, p < 0.001), whereas all other analyzed micronutrients met or exceeded recommended values. A mean daily energy deficit of 788 ± 174 kcal existed because daily energy expenditures exceeded that of intake (3,618 ± 61 vs. 2831 ± 164 kcal, p = 0.001). The mean daily fluid intake was 3.2 ± 0.3 L. Consequently, the nutritional practices of the sampled group of professional youth soccer players were inadequate to sustain optimized performance throughout training and match play. Youth soccer players should therefore seek to ensure that their diets contain adequate energy through increased total caloric intake, while also optimizing the proportion of energy derived from carbohydrates and ensuring that enough fiber-rich foods are consumed.     

Prediction of body volume by a stepwise linear regression technique

Body volume and 35 anthropometric measurements were obtained from 88 active soldiers using standard techniques. These anthropometric measurements were examined for their possible relationships to body volume using stepwise linear regression analysis. Four measurements (Body weight, anterior thigh skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness and suprailiac skinfold thickness) accounted for 99.7% of the variation in body volume and the introduction of each of these measurements in the equation was significant. The regression equation for predicting body volume from these 4 anthropometric measurements had a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.9987 (P less than 0.001). Body weight alone was correlated with body volume to the extent of 0.9966. An attempt has therefore been made to develop a multiple linear regression equation without incorporation of body weight in the regression analysis. Nine measurements were selected by stepwise linear regression analysis for predicting body volume. These nine measurements accounted for 97.1% of the variation in body volume. These equations have been validated on another small sample of 22 soldiers. The analysis has also revealed that a direct regression of body density from the anthropometric variables gives more accurate results than when estimated body volumes are utilized for calculating body density.     

Making a nutritional assessment.

The assessment of nutritional deficiencies depends on both clinical and laboratory diagnosis. The standard physical examination should be supplemented by nutritional anthropometry, consisting of accurate growth and skinfold measurements. A careful dietary history, preferably taken by a dietitian, is necessary to construct a record of past nutrient intake. Since biochemical abnormalities often appear before clinical signs of nutritional deficiency a battery of biochemical tests is sometimes needed. In unusual cases newer techniques of assessing body composition or immunologic or physiologic function may be required. In all cases the patient''s physical state, nutritional intake and biochemical status must be related to age and sex standards.     

Field use of D2 18O to measure energy expenditure of soldiers at different energy intakes

To test the application of doubly labeled water under adverse field conditions, energy expenditures of 16 special operations soldiers were measured during a 28-day field training exercise. Subjects were matched by fat-free mass and divided equally between an ad libitum ready-to-eat meal diet and a 2,000 kcal/day lightweight ration. Subjects recorded intakes daily, and body composition was measured before and after the exercise. At the beginning of the study, subjects moved to a new northerly location and, therefore, a new water supply. To compensate for this, a group of soldiers who did not receive heavy water was followed to measure isotopic base-line changes. Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water was in agreement with intake/balance (3,400 +/- 260 vs. 3,230 +/- 520 kcal/day). The overall coefficient of variation of energy expenditure by doubly labeled water was half that of intake/balance (7.6 vs. 16.1%). The coefficient of variation of repeat measures with doubly labeled water was 7.3%. Energy expenditure of the ready-to-eat meal group, 3,540 +/- 180 kcal/day, was not significantly different from the lightweight ration group, 3,330 +/- 301 kcal/day. Doubly labeled water was valid under field conditions.     

Influence of physical activity and dietary restraint on resting energy expenditure in young nonobese females

An understanding of the physiological and behavioral determinants of resting energy requirements is important to nutritional considerations in females. We examined the influence of endurance training and self-reported dietary restraint on resting metabolic rate and fasting plasma hormones in 44 nonobese females characterized for body composition, maximal aerobic power (VO2 max), and daily energy intake. To examine the association of metabolic rate and dietary restraint with hormonal status, fasting plasma levels of insulin, glucose, and thyroid hormones (total and free fractions of thyroxine and triiodothyronine) were determined. In univariate analysis, resting metabolic rate (kcal.min-1) was positively related to VO2 max (L.min-1) (r = 0.54; p less than 0.01). This relationship, however, was partially dependent on body size, since fat-free mass was also related to resting metabolic rate (r = 0.42; p less than 0.01) and VO2 max (L.min-1) (r = 0.75; p less than 0.01). After controlling for fat-free weight using partial correlation analysis, the relation between RMR and VO2 max was weaker but controlling for fat-free weight using partial correlation analysis, the relation between RMR and VO2 max was weaker but still significant (partial r = 0.38; p less than 0.05). On the other hand, high levels of dietary restraint were associated with higher levels of body fat (r = 0.31; p less than 0.05) and a lower resting metabolic rate (r = -0.29; p = 0.07). These associations persisted after control for differences in fat-free mass. Total energy intake as well as total and free levels of triiodothyronine were not related to resting metabolic rate or level of dietary restraint.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Variations in skinfold thickness during de-acclimatisation and re-acclimatisation to high altitude. Relation to body fat content

Skinfold thickness, body weight, body water, anthropometric measurements and segment volumes were determined in 28 young and healthy Indian soldiers on return to Delhi (200 m) after staying for more than 24 months at high altitude (3500 m). The measurements were made on the 2nd day and after 3 weeks. Ten subjects were then randomly selected from this group and returned by air to the high-altitude station, and the measurements were repeated on the 3rd and 12th day of their reinduction. Though body weight and total body water increased marginally on transfer to the lower altitude, body density remained more or less unchanged. There were significant increases in the thickness of skinfolds, even when body density had increased. During this period hand and foot volumes decreased significantly. Despite significant increases in thoracic skinfold thickness, the torso volume decreased slightly. On returning to high altitude, the soldiers lost body weight, were hypohydrated and showed reduced skinfold thickness. Fat losses calculated on the basis of reduction in skinfold thickness were far in excess of those calculated from losses in body weight and in total body water. As the reduced skinfold thickness was unrelated to changes in body water content at high altitude, it seems that such reductions are due to redistribution of blood in the skin. From the results of these investigations it is concluded that variations in skinfold thickness during acclimatisation to high altitude do not accurately represent the changes in body fat content.     

Energy intake, diet composition, energy expenditure, and body fatness of adolescents in northern Greece

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine energy intake, energy expenditure, diet composition, and obesity of adolescents in Northern Greece. Research Methods and Procedures: Anthropometric measurements were taken for all participants. Height, weight, and skinfold thickness at two sites were measured. BMI and percentage body fat were calculated. Energy intake and macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were determined by a 3‐day weighed dietary diary. Energy expenditure was calculated based on calculated resting metabolic rate (RMR) 1 multiplied by an activity factor based on reported physical activity. Results: Thirty‐one percent of boys and 21% of girls had BMI corresponding to ≥25 kg/m² at 18 years and were classified as overweight. Both overweight boys and girls reported a lower energy intake compared with their non‐overweight counterparts when expressed as kilocalories per kilogram body weight. Overweight children had a higher negative energy balance. Both overweight and non‐overweight adolescents had higher than recommended fat intakes. Mean daily carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake, expressed as grams per kilogram body weight, of overweight adolescents were significantly lower compared with the non‐overweight adolescents. Total daily carbohydrate intake, when expressed in grams, was found to be higher for non‐overweight adolescents. Both overweight boys and girls had lower iron intakes than their non‐overweight counterparts. Overweight boys had statistically lower fiber and niacin intakes than non‐overweight boys. Both overweight and non‐overweight adolescents had lower than recommended iron intakes. Furthermore, overweight adolescents consumed more snacks (potato chips, chocolate bars, pizza, cheese pie, and cream pie), more sugar, jam, and honey, and fewer legumes, vegetables, and fruits than their non‐overweight counterparts. Discussion: Reported energy intake of overweight adolescents was lower than their non‐overweight counterparts. Regarding diet composition overweight subjects had significantly lower intakes of carbohydrates compared with non‐overweight subjects. The food consumption pattern of overweight children showed less adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet.