五味子甲素对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

目的　探讨五味子甲素体外对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响。方法　用改良的组织块法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞 ,五味子甲素以不同浓度加入细胞培养体系 ,作用不同时间后 ,用MTT法检测成骨细胞的增殖情况 ;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法 (PNPP)测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性 ,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量。 结果　五味子甲素在 0 75× 10 -5mol/L及 0 75× 10 -9mol/L浓度范围内 2 4h ,72h ,0 75× 10 -4 ～ 0 75× 10 -7mol/L 48h促进成骨细胞增殖 ,在 0 75× 10 -5～ 0 75× 10 -6mol/L浓度范围内 48h提高成骨细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性。结论　五味子甲素体外能促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化。     

五味子乙素对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

目的:探讨五味子乙素体外对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响。方法:用改良的组织块法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,五味子乙素以不同浓度加入细胞培养体系,作用不同时间后,用MTT法检测成骨细胞的增殖情况;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法(PNPP)测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量。结果:五味子乙素在0.75×10-4 mol/L 24 h,48 h及72 h,及0.75×10-5mol/L 24 h促进成骨细胞的增殖,在0.75×10-6mol/L24 h提高成骨细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性。结论:五味子乙素体外能促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化。     

补骨脂素加锌对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化影响的实验研究

为探讨补骨脂素加锌对体外培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞增殖、分化作用的影响及其量效关系,用改良的组织块培养法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,在成骨细胞体系中以不同浓度加入补骨脂素与锌,MTT法检测加药后不同时间成骨细胞的增殖情况;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法(PNPP)测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性;用放射免疫法(RIA)测定细胞外骨钙素(BGP)的含量,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量。补骨脂素加锌较单独应用补骨脂素或硫酸锌在48 h和72 h时促体外大鼠成骨细胞增殖的作用更加明显;在24、48 h和72 h时能提高成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,其中在48 h时的效果更为显著;在24 h和72 h时能提高细胞外液中的骨钙素含量;补骨脂素浓度为1×10-9mol/L和锌浓度为1×10-5mol/L两者联合用药较为合适。与单独应用补骨脂素或者锌相比,补骨脂素与锌联合应用能够协同增效,对体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞的增殖与分化作用更加显著。     

补骨脂素对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响

为探讨补骨脂素体外对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响,用改良的组织块法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,补骨脂素以不同浓度加入细胞培养体系,作用不同时间后,用MTT法检测成骨细胞的增殖情况;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量。补骨脂素浓度在1μmol/L 24 h,5~20μmol/L浓度范围内48 h,1、10、20μmol/L浓度范围内72 h促进成骨细胞增殖,在10~15μmol/L范围内48 h及72 h提高成骨细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性。补骨脂素体外能促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化。     

山萘酚对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响

为探讨山萘酚体外对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响及中药菟丝子补肾壮骨作用的物质基础,用改良的组织块法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,山萘酚以不同浓度加入细胞培养体系,作用不同时问后,用MTF法检测成骨细胞的增殖情况;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量。山萘酚在浓度1×10^-5mol／L24h,1×10^-5～1×10^-7mol／L浓度范围内48h促进成骨细胞增殖,在浓度1×10^-9moL／L48h及72h提高成骨细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性。山萘酚体外能促进大鼠成骨细胞的增殖与分化,山萘酚可能是菟丝子补肾壮骨作用的活性成份之一。     

甲氧补骨脂素对大鼠成骨细胞生物活性影响的实验研究

为探讨甲氧补骨脂素对体外培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞增殖与分化作用的影响,用改良的组织块培养法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,在成骨细胞体系中以不同浓度加入甲氧补骨脂素,MTT法检测加药后不同时间细胞的增殖情况;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法(PNPP)测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量;用放射免疫法测定细胞内骨钙素含量。结果显示:与对照组相比,甲氧补骨脂素组在24 h和36 h时促进体外大鼠成骨细胞增殖的作用更明显;在24、48 h和72 h时均能提高成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP)和骨钙素(BGP)的分泌。甲氧补骨脂素对体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞的增殖与分化均有明显的促进作用。     

异补骨脂素加锌对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响

为探讨异补骨脂素加锌对体外培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞增殖与分化作用的影响,用改良的组织块培养法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,在成骨细胞体系中以不同浓度加入异补骨脂素与锌,MTT法检测加药后不同时间成骨细胞的增殖情况;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法(PNPP)测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量.结果显示:异补骨脂素加锌较单纯应用异补骨脂素或硫酸锌在24和48 h时促体外大鼠成骨细胞增殖的作用更加明显;在48和72 h时能促进成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶活性(ALP),其中ALP的测定在72h的活性更为显著.与单纯应用异补骨脂素或者锌相比,异补骨脂素与锌联合应用能够协同增效,对体外培养的成骨细胞的增殖与分化作用更加显著.     

佛手柑内酯对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响

为研究佛手柑内酯对大鼠成骨细胞增殖、分化的影响。原代培养新生大鼠颅骨细胞,利用MTT法、微量酶标法、酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、q PCR等方法分别测定不同浓度佛手柑内酯对大鼠成骨细胞增殖,碱性磷酸酶(ALP),骨钙素(BGP),Ⅰ型胶原mRNA(CollagenⅠmRNA)表达的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,佛手柑内酯作用于细胞24、48、72 h均对成骨细胞的增殖有促进作用(P0.05);作用48、72 h均能促进ALP、BGP、CollagenⅠmRNA表达(P0.05)。表明佛手柑内酯可促进大鼠成骨细胞的增殖和分化,为防治骨质疏松症的新药研究提供理论依据。     

染料木黄酮对成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

目的：研究染料木黄酮对体外培养乳鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞增殖分化的影响。方法：取乳鼠颅盖骨,采用胶原-胰蛋白酶消化法,进行颅骨成骨细胞培养,取第二代成骨细胞,添加10^-5～10^-7mol／L染料木黄酮,在CO2孵箱中培养48h和72h后MTT比色法测定细胞增殖,培养72h采用^3H-TdR和^H-Pro掺入实验测定DNA和胶原合成。用试剂盒检测细胞裂解液碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。结果：染料木黄酮明显增加成骨细胞MTT的吸光度值、^3H-TdR和^3H-Pro的掺入,增加成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶活性。结论：染料木黄酮促进体外培养的乳鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞DNA和胶原的合成,促进增殖和分化。     

锌对铅染毒新生大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

目的:探讨铅锌联合染毒对乳鼠颅骨成骨细胞增殖分化的影响。方法:分离并培养原代成骨细胞,加入不同浓度铅、锌培养48h,检测其对成骨细胞增殖的作用;用碱性磷酸酶试剂盒检测ALP活力。结果:在染铅48h后,当铅浓度≥10μmol/L时,细胞增殖功能下降(P<0.05);加锌干预48h后,铅+锌组细胞增殖功能均高于各自单独染铅组,其中铅(1μmol/L、10μmol/L)+锌(50μmol/L)组、铅(10)+锌(100)组与对照组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。铅干预48h后,100μmol/L铅组的ALP活力显著下(P<0.05),给予锌干预的铅锌联合染毒组,各组ALP活力均有增加,其中铅(1μmol/L、10μmol/L)+锌(50μmol/L)组ALP活力均高于对照组,而铅(100μmol/L)+锌(50μmol/L)组ALP活力低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:铅对成骨细胞有毒性作用,影响其增殖和分化功能;50μmol/L锌在一定程度上可以拮抗铅对成骨细胞增殖和分化功能的损伤,且对ALP活力的作用更显著,为铅中毒骨病的防治提供一定的科学依据。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。