中国高冠角蝉族的记述

角蝉科分为7亚科,古北区只有露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae和管尾角蝉亚科Dar-thulinae(我们1979年新设立的)两个亚科。露盾角蝉亚科我国已记载的21属154种,通常划分为7族,高冠角蝉族Hypsauchenini是其中的一个。 高冠角蝉族的最显著特征,是前胸背板有一个竖立的前角突;前足胫节不呈叶状。 本族全世界已记载的8属47种,其中只3属3种分布于我国,其余属种多分布于印     

脊角蝉属的讨论及其中国种记述

脊角蝉属Machaerotypus属角蝉科Membracidae露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae露盾角蝉族Centrotini。属的特征过去不够明确,因之和近缘属很难区别,有些种类是否归入本属,学者意见分歧。 本属分布于亚洲,我国记载的只3种。 本文对属的特征作了讨论与订正;记述了中国种7种,其中3种为新种;1种从近缘属移来。并发现3种为害果树、花卉等经济植物。     

隐盾角蝉亚科Oxyrhachinae在中国的发现及一新种记述：同翅目：角蝉科

中国记录的角蝉原只属于露盾角蝉亚科Centrotinae。在对1991年从云南采集的角蝉标本的鉴定中,我们发现在我国有另一个亚科——隐盾角蝉亚科Oxyrhachinae的种类分布。本文报导了这一新记录亚科,并记述该亚科一新种。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。 隐盾角蝉亚科Oxyrhachinae,中国新记录亚科 该亚科于1929年由Haupt所建立,识别特征是小盾片完全被前胸背板所遮盖,前胸背板下缘和中胸前侧片下方各有一个向下后方伸出的齿突。大多种类分布于非洲,仅少数种类分布于亚洲和澳洲。 隐盾角蝉属Oxyrhachis Germar,中国新记录属 根据Capener(1962)的意见,隐盾角蝉亚科仅包括一个属——隐盾角蝉属Oxyrhachis Germar,该属的异名有Oxyrhachidia Melichar(1903),Xiphistes Stal(1866),Gongroneura Jacobi(1910),Xiphistoides Goding(1931),Kombazana Distant(1908)。中华隐盾角蝉Oxyrhachis sinensis,新种(图1-10) 体中型,雄虫较雌虫体小,体长5.7-6.5mm,上肩角顶端间宽2.6—3.5mm,肩角间宽2.3-2.6mm,红褐色。外形很近似于分布在印度、南非等地的Oxyrhachis tarandus(Fabricius),但区别在于:①成虫的上肩角比较上举,后突起不伸出前翅臀角;②若虫头顶突粗壮,前胸背板前突起顶端钝;③雄虫细胞减数分裂中期X染色体     

亦牛亦羊 解读羚牛与麝牛的秘密

羚牛和麝牛是同属于牛科羊亚科中的两种体型庞大且大小相似、生活环境迥异的物种。这两种动物的演化历史和分类地位已经困扰了世人多年。由麝牛学名中的Ovibos可见,这种动物与牛和绵羊有相似之处,而羚牛学名中的Budorcas的词根有牛和瞪羚的含义,暗示着它与后两者有相似之处。     

中国角蟾亚科精子形态比较及分类学讨论(两栖纲：锄足蟾科)

应用光镜和电镜对角蟾亚科短腿蟾属,拟角蟾属和角蟾属3属18种精子的形态结构进行观察和比较。并通过计算机对其各部位长度进行了测量和计算,结果表明角蟾亚科精子的共同特征是：精子主要由头和尾两部分组成,头部呈螺旋状,尾部为波状或弯曲状,但精子的量度和头部形状在属间和种间存在明显差别,角蟾亚科的精子可分为3类,该亚科精子形态的差异与成体形态学研究结果基本相吻合,精子形态的差异可为该亚科属,种的划分,亲缘关系研究提供新依据。     

雅角蝉属一新种 (同翅目:角蝉科)

从云南省森林昆虫考察的标本中,鉴定出雅角蝉属Dentrochares Stal一新种。雅角蝉属Centrochares属于同翅目角蝉科露盾角蝉亚科雅角蝉族Centroeharesini。该属主要识别特征是:体表粗糙,多刺或瘤齿,上肩角伸张宽阔,小盾片完全露出,前足胫节     

黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义

在形态分类研究的基础上，利用RAPD技术，对黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科植物6属9种共15个种群进行了遗传多样性分析，分析结果表明：（1）假冷蕨属应包括在蹄盖蕨属中（2）角蕨属与蹄盖蕨属，羽节蕨属与冷蕨属亲源关系较近（3）短肠蕨属为独立一属，与其它属亲源关系较远。根据黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科植物的DNA水平的研究结果，再结合其形态学特征，建议将黑龙江省蹄盖蕨科划分为3个亚科：冷蕨亚科(Cystopterioideae)包括2个属：冷蕨属(Cystopteris)和羽节蕨属(Gymnocarpium)。蹄盖蕨亚科(Athyrioideae)包括3个属：蹄盖蕨属(Athyrium)、假冷蕨属(Pseudocystopteris)和角蕨属(Cornopteris)。双盖蕨亚科(Diplazioideae)包括短肠蕨属(Allantodia)。     

STUDY ON HIND WING VENATION OF LUCANIDAE (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEOIDEA) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN SYSTEMATICS

采用Bartolozzi& Sprecher (2006)分类系统,对锹甲科6亚科19属43种个体后翅脉相进行研究,从亚科阶元对翅脉性状进行描述与比较分析,初步探讨了后翅脉相的分类学意义:1)RA4脉与RP1脉是否融合以及RA3+4端部是否反折等特征在不同亚科间差异明显,可作为亚科分类检索的重要特征;2)刀锹甲亚科Dorcinae与锹甲亚科Luncainae代表性属种后翅翅脉特征存在显著不同,表明Holloway (2007)将两者合并的结论并不适用于古北、东洋界种类;3)盾锹甲属Aegus应归入奥锹甲亚科Odontolabinae;柱锹甲属Prismognathus和环锹甲属.Cyclommatus应归入锹甲亚科Lucaninae;4)不同属间后翅脉相特征为探讨疑难属广义刀锹甲属Dorcus(s.l.)的分类问题提供了参考.     

我国罂粟科(Papaveraceae)植物的花粉形态

本文用光学显微镜对我国16属60种5变种罂粟科植物花粉形态进行了系统地观察研究。其中对15属27种进行了扫描观察。本科花粉形态为多类型。3沟为原始的、基本的花粉类型。根据萌发孔的形状、数目和特征,将罂粟科的花粉分为2沟,3沟,4—6沟、散沟、散孔和无萌发孔6个花粉类型。根据孢粉学资料,本文对绿绒蒿属(Meconopsis Vig.)花粉粒和其它器官的进化趋势,罂粟科在进化上的亲缘关系和本科花粉萌发孔的演化趋向等问题进行了讨论。 罂粟种按照Engler(1936)分类系统有43属,600余种,主产北温带,少数种类分布于非州;我国有19属,270余种,各地均产之。 对于罂粟科的研究,不同的分类学家有各种分类系统。Fedde(1936)按照Engler和Diels(1936)的分类系统,认为罂粟目(Rhoeadales)是由7个科组成,其中罂粟科分为3个亚科:角茴香亚科(Hypecoideae)、罂粟亚科(Papaveroideae)和荷苞牡丹亚科(Fumaricideae)。Hutchinson (1921)把罂粟亚科和荷苞牡丹亚科分为两个独立的科,即罂粟科和荷苞牡丹科,而将角茴香亚科作为一个属归在荷苞牡丹科中。Cronquist(1968)的分类系统认为,罂粟目仅仅有两个科组成,角茴香亚科的两个属Hypecoum和Pteridophyllum也许是两科之间连接的环。Heywood(1978)与Cronquist(1968)的分类系统相似,他也把罂     

锹甲科昆虫后翅脉相分析及其分类学意义探讨

采用Bartolozzi & Sprecher(2006)分类系统,对锹甲科6亚科19属43种个体后翅脉相进行研究,从亚科阶元对翅脉性状进行描述与比较分析,初步探讨了后翅脉相的分类学意义:1)RA4脉与RP1脉是否融合以及RA3+4端部是否反折等特征在不同亚科间差异明显,可作为亚科分类检索的重要特征;2)刀锹甲亚科Dorcinae与锹甲亚科Luncainae代表性属种后翅翅脉特征存在显著不同,表明Holloway(2007)将两者合并的结论并不适用于古北、东洋界种类;3)盾锹甲属Aegus应归入奥锹甲亚科Odontolabinae;柱锹甲属Prismognathus和环锹甲属Cyclommatus应归入锹甲亚科Lucaninae;4)不同属间后翅脉相特征为探讨疑难属广义刀锹甲属Dorcus(s.l.)的分类问题提供了参考。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.