植物激素的受体和诱导基因

植物激素在植物生长发育的诸多方面发挥着重要作用。近年来，随着植物分子遗传学和分子生物学的发展，有关植物激素信号转导分子机制的研究取得了较大的进展。本文介绍了生长素、赤霉素、脱落酸和乙烯四种植物激素信号转导途径中的受体和诱导基因的研究进展，并展望了用生物信息学方法研究植物激素诱导基因的前景。     

植物培养细胞遗传学——一个最新开拓的研究领域

最近有机会到美国、瑞士、英国进行了一年多的访问和学习。接触到国际上正在开拓的一个新的研究领域——植物培养细胞遗传学。它是由植物分子遗传学、细胞学和植物激素生理等几个学科交织起来的一门新学科。它的内容是用分子生物学的研究技术,以植物培养细胞为材料,研究植物细胞的DNA,重复顺序(rcpetitive sequence),基因重组(recombination),激素作用机理,激素对基因     

植物叶发育调控机理研究的进展

在植物的营养生长阶段,叶原基从植物地上部分顶端分生组织的周边区形成,在一系列细胞分裂和分化程序的指导下,最终发育成叶。近年来,通过遗传学和分子生物学研究已经鉴定和克隆了一批参与叶发育调控的关键基因,植物激素在叶原基的诱导和叶形态建成中也起十分重要的作用。目前这个领域的主要研究工作是鉴定调控叶发育的新基因并且解释叶调控基因之间的相互作用,同时了解基因调控和植物激素作用之间的关系。     

生长素受体ABP-Ⅰ,NPA,sABP的生物化学和分子生物学

植物激素引起特异的生理或生化反应,这种识别机制是由激素受体完成的。本文介绍了近十年生长素受体ABP-Ⅰ,NPA,sABP的生物化学和分子生物学研究进展,并提出植物激素受体今后的研究方向。     

植物叶发育调控机理研究的进展

在植物的营养生长阶段,叶原基从植物地上部分顶端分生组织的周边区形成,在一系列细胞分裂和分化程序的指导下,最终发育成叶。近年来,通过遗传学和分子生物学研究已经鉴定和克隆了一批参与叶发育调控的关键基因,植物激素在叶原基的诱导和叶形态建成中也起十分重要的作用。目前这个领域的主要研究工作是鉴定调控叶发育的新基因并且解释叶调控基因之间的相互作用,同时了解基因调控和植物激素作用之间的关系。     

中国植物激素研究: 过去、现在和未来

为了迎接2006年10月在北京召开的“植物激素与绿色革命”香山会议, 使其更具影响力, 本刊组织了一期“植物激素专辑”。本文作为此专辑的序言, 对我国在该领域研究作了概述和评论, 以帮助读者全面地了解我国在该领域的研究历史、现状和未来发展趋势。本文回顾了中国植物激素研究在二十世纪八十年代之前的工作发展历程中的重要成果, 主要集中在生理学研究方面的成果。随着植物分子遗传学技术与原理的不断成熟以及我国经济的飞速发展, 特别是研究队伍的迅速成长, 我国科学家近年来在植物激素代谢调控、转运及激素信号转导等领域取得了重要进展, 特别是激素受体基因分离鉴定、激素控制株型以及激素间的相互作用等方面取得的突破性进展。基于国际植物激素总体研究前沿和我国优势领域, 我们展望提出了我国在植物激素研究领域的未来发展方向与趋势。     

中国植物激素研究:过去、现在和未来

为了迎接2006年10月在北京召开的“植物激素与绿色革命”香山会议,使其更具影响力,本刊组织了一期“植物激素专辑”。本文作为此专辑的序言,对我国在该领域研究作了概述和评论,以帮助读者全面地了解我国在该领域的研究历史、现状和未来发展趋势。本文回顾了中国植物激素研究在二十世纪八十年代之前的工作发展历程中的重要成果,主要集中在生理学研究方面的成果。随着植物分子遗传学技术与原理的不断成熟以及我国经济的飞速发展,特别是研究队伍的迅速成长,我国科学家近年来在植物激素代谢调控、转运及激素信号转导等领域取得了重要进展,特别是激素受体基因分离鉴定、激素控制株型以及激素间的相互作用等方面取得的突破性进展。基于国际植物激素总体研究前沿和我国优势领域,我们展望提出了我国在植物激素研究领域的未来发展方向与趋势。     

拟南芥乙烯信号传递途径

植物激素乙烯早在一百多年前就已经被确认,相关的研究使得乙烯广泛地被应用于农业上.一直到十年前第一个植物激素乙烯受体拟南芥ETR1基因被发现之后,人们对于乙烯信号传递的研究并才真正开始有所突破.以遗传学为基础对乙烯反应突变体所做的分析,使得乙烯信号传递已经成为目前植物信号传递领域中被研究得最清楚的信号传递途径之一.该文着重于回顾乙烯信号传递途径上各个元件的发现和确认,以及如何利用遗传学的方法将现有的突变体相关基因构建出目前广为接受的信号传递的遗传模式.最后,该文就目前所知的乙烯信号传递理论及相关研究,做了总结和深入的讨论.     

种子胎萌机制研究进展

种子胎萌是内在的遗传基础和外部环境共同作用的结果,受许多基因的调控和植物激素的影响。近些年来,随着分子生物学的快速发展,种子胎萌研究已经深入到分子水平。分子生物学技术的运用,特别是基因的克隆与表达、植物激素的生物合成与信号转导和分子遗传学等手段已成为研究种子胎萌的新工具和新方向。现从种皮色泽基因R、矮杆基因Rht3以及Viviparous(Vp)基因家族等方面就种子胎萌相关基因与胎萌关系进行了综述;并对植物激素脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)的生物合成或信号转导在种子胎萌的调控中的作用等方面进行综述。     

《新发现的植物激素》书评

植物激素是植物体内合成的一批微量信号分子,通过整合不断变化的外界环境与内部发育信号,从分子、细胞、组织和器官水平上调控植物的生理生化反应和形态建成,确保植物正常的生长发育。近年来,有关植物激素作用机理的研究十分活跃,并在植物激素受体和信号转导途径等研究领域取得了重要进展,植物激素已由＂经典＂的5大类（生长素类、赤霉素类、     

Hormonal input in plant meristems: A balancing act

Plant hormones are a group of chemically diverse molecules that control virtually all aspects of plant development. Classical plant hormones were identified many decades ago in physiology studies that addressed plant growth regulation. In recent years, biochemical and genetic approaches led to the identification of many molecular components that mediate hormone activity, such as hormone receptors and hormone-regulated genes. This has greatly contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying hormone activity and highlighted the intricate crosstalk and integration of hormone signalling and developmental pathways. Here we review and discuss recent findings on how hormones regulate the activity of shoot and root apical meristems.     

Comparison of phytohormone signaling mechanisms

Plant hormones are crucial signaling molecules that coordinate all aspects of plant growth, development and defense. A great deal of attention has been attracted from biologists to study the molecular mechanisms for perception and signal transduction of plant hormones during the last two decades. Tremendous progress has been made in identifying receptors and key signaling components of plant hormones. The holistic picture of hormone signaling pathways is extremely complicated, this review will give a general overview of perception and signal transduction mechanisms of auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroid, and jasmonate.     

A comparative genomic analysis of plant hormone related genes in different species

Plant hormones are small molecules that play important roles throughout the life span of a plant,known as auxin,gibberellin,cytokinin,abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,salicylic acid,and brassinosteroid.Genetic and molecular studies in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed the individual pathways of various plant hormone responses.In this study,we selected 479 genes that were convincingly associated with various hormone actions based on genetic evidence.By using these 479 genes as queries,a genome-wide search for their orthoiogues in several species(microorganisms,plants and animals) was performed.Meanwhile,a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate their evolutionary relationship.Our analysis revealed that the metabolisms and functions of plant hormones are generally more sophisticated and diversified in higher plant species.In particular,we found that several phytohormone receptors and key signaling components were not present in lower plants or animals.Meanwhile,as the genome complexity increases,the orthologne genes tend to have more copies and probably gain more diverse functions.Our study attempts to introduce the classification and phylogenic analysis of phytohormone related genes,from metabolism enzymes to receptors and signaling components,in different species.     

植物激素糖基化修饰研究进展

植物激素对植物的生长发育有重要的调节作用。由于激素的作用依赖于其浓度,所以植物内源活性激素的水平必须受到严格控制,而糖基化修饰被认为是调控激素活性水平的重要方式之一。随着植物激素糖基化修饰相关糖基转移酶基因不断被克隆与鉴定,多种植物激素的糖基化修饰机制和功能作用逐渐被揭示。该文重点介绍了近年来植物生长素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸、油菜素内酯、水杨酸、茉莉酸等植物激素的糖基转移酶活性鉴定与功能研究进展。同时,对植物激素糖基化修饰领域存在的问题和发展前景进行了讨论。     

Ligand–receptor interactions in plant hormone signaling

Small-molecule plant hormones principally control plant growth, development, differentiation, and environmental responses. Nine types of plant hormones are ubiquitous in angiosperms, and the molecular mechanisms of their hormone actions have been elucidated during the last two decades by genomic decoding of model plants with genetic mutants. In particular, the discovery of hormone receptors has greatly contributed to the understanding of signal transduction systems. The three-dimensional structure of the ligand–receptor complex has been determined for eight of the nine hormones by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and ligand perception mechanisms have been revealed at the atomic level. Collective research has revealed the molecular function of plant hormones that act as either molecular glue or an allosteric regulator for activation of receptors. In this review, we present an overview of the respective hormone signal transduction and describe the structural bases of ligand–receptor interactions.     

Rhizobacterial mediation of plant hormone status

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are commonly found in the rhizosphere (adjacent to the root surface) and may promote plant growth via several diverse mechanisms, including the production or degradation of the major groups of plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development. Although rhizobacterial production of plant hormones seems relatively widespread (as judged from physico-chemical measurements of hormones in bacterial culture media), evidence continues to accumulate, particularly from seedlings grown under gnotobiotic conditions, that rhizobacteria can modify plant hormone status. Since many rhizobacteria can impact on more than one hormone group, bacterial mutants in hormone production/degradation and plant mutants in hormone sensitivity have been useful to establish the importance of particular signalling pathways. Although plant roots exude many potential substrates for rhizobacterial growth, including plant hormones or their precursors, limited progress has been made in determining whether root hormone efflux can select for particular rhizobacterial traits. Rhizobacterial mediation of plant hormone status not only has local effects on root elongation and architecture, thus mediating water and nutrient capture, but can also affect plant root-to-shoot hormonal signalling that regulates leaf growth and gas exchange. Renewed emphasis on providing sufficient food for a growing world population, while minimising environmental impacts of agriculture because of overuse of fertilisers and irrigation water, will stimulate the commercialisation of rhizobacterial inoculants (including those that alter plant hormone status) to sustain crop growth and yield. Combining rhizobacterial traits (or species) that impact on plant hormone status thereby modifying root architecture (to capture existing soil resources) with traits that make additional resources available (e.g. nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilisation) may enhance the sustainability of agriculture.     

Hormone balance and abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants

Plant hormones play central roles in the ability of plants to adapt to changing environments, by mediating growth, development, nutrient allocation, and source/sink transitions. Although ABA is the most studied stress-responsive hormone, the role of cytokinins, brassinosteroids, and auxins during environmental stress is emerging. Recent evidence indicated that plant hormones are involved in multiple processes. Cross-talk between the different plant hormones results in synergetic or antagonic interactions that play crucial roles in response of plants to abiotic stress. The characterization of the molecular mechanisms regulating hormone synthesis, signaling, and action are facilitating the modification of hormone biosynthetic pathways for the generation of transgenic crop plants with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance.     

Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*

Plant hormones are small molecules that play versatile roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Classic methodologies, including genetics, analytic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, have contributed to the progress in plant hormone studies. In addition, chemical regulators of plant hormone functions have been important in such studies. Today, synthetic chemicals, including plant growth regulators, are used to study and manipulate biological systems, collectively referred to as chemical biology. Here, we summarize the available chemical regulators and their contributions to plant hormone studies. We also pose questions that remain to be addressed in plant hormone studies and that might be solved with the help of chemical regulators.     

A comparative genomic analysis of plant hormone related genes in different species

Plant hormones are small molecules that play important roles throughout the life span of a plant,known as auxin,gibberellin,cyto-kinin,abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,salicylic acid,and brassinosteroid.Genetic and molecular studies in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed the individual pathways of various plant hormone responses.In this study,we selected 479 genes that were convincingly associated with various hormone actions based on genetic evidence.By using these 479 genes as querie...