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1.
浮游动物可以通过牧食作用来抑制浮游藻类的增长,同时浮游动物排泄的营养盐又可以促进浮游藻类的增长,二者的强弱是浮游动物控制浮游藻类的关键。通过人为去除处理组水体中的浮游动物,研究浮游动物生物量和群落结构的不同对富营养水体中浮游藻类的影响。研究结果显示处理组浮游动物总生物量低于空白组,且缺乏大型枝角类溞属(Daphnia sp.);去除浮游动物显著降低了水体中的总氮和总磷浓度以及浮游藻类生物量(叶绿素a),同时增加了附着藻的生物量;并且影响了浮游藻类群落结构:对照组是空星藻(Coelastrum sp.)为优势种而处理组则为湖丝藻(Limnothrix sp.)和四集藻(Palmella sp.)。结果表明浮游动物排泄营养盐产生的上行效应大于牧食作用产生的下行效应。  相似文献   

2.
九龙江口红树林鹧鸪菜藻体自生固氮细菌   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
初步研究了福建九龙江口秋茄(Kandelia candel)红树林红藻鹧鸪菜(Caloglossa leprieurii)藻体异养自生固氮菌数量的季节变化和微生物区系。结果表明:鹧鸪菜上异养自生固氮细菌数量以春季最多(1.033×104cfu.g-1),冬季最少(0.567×104cfu.g-1),固氮菌的季节变化模式表现为春季>秋季>夏季>冬季;鹧鸪菜藻体氮含量也以春季最高(22.08g.kg-1),冬季最低(16.63g.kg-1),二者差异显著(P<0.05),且藻体含氮量的季节变化模式与固氮细菌数量一致;这与鹧鸪菜的生长和物质积累密切相关,鹧鸪菜与其藻体上的自生固氮菌可能存在着互惠互利的关系,这种关系同时也受到环境温度和水分等因子的综合影响;对9株固氮菌的初步鉴定结果显示,它们分属于固氮菌属(Azotobacter)与拜叶林克氏菌属(Beijerinckia)。  相似文献   

3.
在南水北调中线干渠两个水工构筑物沙河渡槽与穿黄工程渠段分别设置沙河渡槽上游明渠、沙河渡槽入口、沙河渡槽出口、穿黄工程入口、穿黄工程出口、穿黄工程下游明渠和穿黄工程下游沁河倒虹吸7个监测位点, 对着生藻类群落与水质指标进行了原位同步监测。结果表明: 监测位点的蓝藻优势种有鞘丝藻(Leptolyngbya sp.)、聚球藻(Synechococcus sp.)、眉藻(Calothrix sp.)、席藻(Phormidium sp.)、集胞藻(Synechocystis sp.)和拟色球藻(Chroococcidiopsis sp.)等; 真核藻类优势种有链带藻(Desmodesmus sp.)、土佐牧野藻(Makinoella sp.)、芒球藻(Radiococcus sp.)、盘星藻(Monactinus sp.)、卵囊藻(Oocystella sp.)、菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)、针杆藻(Synedra sp.)和肘形藻(Ulnaria sp.)等。经过渡槽后藻类生物量下降50%, 藻类种类数下降16%; 经过穿黄工程后藻类生物量下降80%, 藻类种类数下降18%。经过沙河渡槽后, 真核藻类中链带藻(Desmodesmus sp.)相对丰度由26.4%增至77.4%, 针杆藻(Synedra sp.)相对丰度由10.4%降至0.4%, 肘形藻(Ulnaria sp.)相对丰度由2.3%降至0.4%; 经过穿黄工程后, 鞘丝藻(Leptolyngbya sp.)相对丰度由82.6%降至56.5%, 胶须藻(Rivularia sp.)相对丰度由6.2%增至61.8%。水工构筑物通过影响水流条件和水质改变微生境从而对着生藻类群落结构产生显著影响, 研究有助于深入了解着生藻类群落特点及水工构筑物对其具体影响。  相似文献   

4.
为全面了解着生藻类在建群中群落变化的生态学特性,揭示着生藻类的建群规律,在以丝状藻类为优势藻的生态塘中,采用花岗岩和瓷砖为附着材料,设置水体底部和中部为附着位点,进行频次为10d的采样分析。结果表明,生态塘中共检出8门73属117种着生藻类,其中以硅藻、蓝藻、绿藻为优势类群。同时不同人工基质和不同空间层次条件下着生藻类的建群特征较一致,早期以单细胞硅藻如舟形藻(Navicula sp.)、脆杆藻(Fragilaria sp.)、曲壳藻(Achnanthes sp.)等为优势,后期以丝状藻类如鞘丝藻(Lyngbya sp.)、颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)等为优势;研究结果发现不同人工基质(花岗岩和瓷砖)对着生藻类的种类组成、细胞密度、生物量和藻类多样性无显著影响,花岗岩和瓷砖上附着的着生藻类具有较高的相似性;但不同的空间层次对着生藻类建群特征影响明显,水体底部具有更多的硅藻种类数,中部具有更多的绿藻,随着建群时间的发展,蓝藻比例不断增加;就生物量而言,底部的着生藻类叶绿素a显著高于水体中部,但两者的细胞密度无显著性差异;随着建群过程的发展,水体底部的着生藻类生物量达峰值所需的时间比中部更长。通过相关性分析,生态塘中着生藻类的生长主要受总磷的影响。  相似文献   

5.
 通过2005和2006年夏季两次对新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部荒漠土壤中藻类植物进行采样、培养、鉴定和生物量测定,分析了该区沙漠沙垄不同部位藻类物种组成、优势种和生物量的垂直变化。结果表明:1)在不同地貌部位的不同层次中,藻类的种类组成均有所差异。2)藻类优势物种主要集中在0~2 cm层次中,2 cm以下的土层中藻类细胞很少,绝大部分土层以具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)为第一优势种,有些部位的土层中第一优势种是伪双点颤藻(Oscillatoria pseudogeminata),如垄间低地和迎风坡的1~2 cm中。此外,大型集胞藻(Synechocystis crassa)、舟形藻 (Navicula sp.)、卵圆双眉藻(Amphora ovalis)数量也较多。3)除垄顶外,藻类生物量在其它3个部位不同层次的差异呈极显著水平(p<0.01),生物量由表及里锐减;在同一土层,藻类生物量基本表现为垄间低地最高,迎风坡与背风坡居中, 垄顶最低,不同地貌部位对藻类生物量影响呈显著或极显著水平。  相似文献   

6.
采用收获法和改进的Zieman标记法,测定了2007年11月广西北海竹林海草床二药藻(Halodule uninervis)、矮人叶藻(Zostera japonica)和喜盐草(Halophila ovalis)三个种群的生物量和叶片生产力.结果表明:(1)总生物量是二药藻(198.99±22.19 g DW m-2)>矮大叶藻(184.89±21.24gDW m-2)>喜盐草(110.71 ±12.23 g DW m-2);(2)二药藻、矮大叶藻、喜盐草地下部分生物量占各自总生物量的比例分别为69.68%,47.59%,56.33%;(3)幼叶、成熟叶、衰老叶的生物量分别是矮大叶藻9.99 ±0.33 g DW m-2,26.24 ±2.34g DW m-2,38.02±1.94g DW m-2;喜盐草7.31±1.50g DW m-2,21.19±6.25 g DW m-2,19.85±3.05 g DW m-2:(4)矮大叶藻的叶片生产力(2.05±0.15 g DW m-2·d-1)大于二药藻(0.34±0.37 g DW m2·d-1).提出了根据幼叶和衰老叶生物量比值预测种群消长的建议.  相似文献   

7.
除草剂扑草净和阿特拉津对海草与大型藻类的毒性比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陆地径流等可引起海域中除草剂浓度升高, 从而威胁海洋大型植物——海草和大型藻类的生长。以叶绿素荧光为主要指标测定除草剂阿特拉津和扑草净的低、中、高(1、5和25 μg/L)浓度对4种常见海草:大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)、丛生大叶藻(Z. caespitosa M.)、矮大叶藻(Z. japonica Aschers. & Graebn.)、红须根虾形藻(Phyllospadix iwatensis M.)和2种常见大型藻类:孔石莼Ulva lactuca L.和海索面Nemalion helminthoides的光合抑制。结果显示, 低浓度1 μg/L的扑草净和5 μg/L的阿特拉津即对矮大叶藻、孔石莼和海索面产生了显著的光合抑制, 抑制率约而7.54%—12.97%; 大叶藻、丛生大叶藻和红须根虾形藻的扑草净和阿特拉津的显著作用浓度为5 μg/L, 在相同浓度下, 扑草净的光合抑制较阿特拉津更强, 同时, 矮大叶藻及两种大型藻类较其他3种海草成体对除草剂作用更为敏感。  相似文献   

8.
茅埏岛大型底栖动物次级生产力时空变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2012年11月—2014年7月,分季度对茅埏岛潮间带不同生境大型底栖动物进行调查,对其物种组成、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值进行了比较分析。结果表明:大型底栖动物的生物量在生境间为红树林(16.58±6.21 g·m~(-2))互花米草(14.16±13.87 g·m~(-2))光滩(9.97±6.43 g·m~(-2)),各生境的生物量冬季时均最低;生物量在3种生境间差异不显著(P0.05),在季节间差异显著(P0.05);在站点中以南滩村红树幼林最高(52.22±28.00g·m~(-2)),电站互米花草最低(5.44±2.68 g·m~(-2));生物量在10个站点间差异极显著(P0.01),在季节间差异显著(P0.05);次级生产力在生境间为红树林(10.60 g AFDW·m~(-2)·a~(-1))光滩(9.00 g AFDW·m~(-2)·a~(-1))互花米草(8.99 g AFDW·m~(-2)·a~(-1)),3种生境次级生产力均在冬季时最低;P/B值为光滩(0.90)红树林(0.64)=互花米草(0.64);P/B值在春冬两季均高于夏秋两季;茅埏岛潮间带引种秋茄红树,形成的红树林生境具有较高的次级生产力,以人工红树林取代互花米草是治理其入侵的有效措施。  相似文献   

9.
白洋淀附着藻类的初级生产力及其与水质的关系   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
附着藻类是湖泊中主要的生产者,尤其是草型湖泊。但与浮游藻类相比,针对附着藻类初级生产的研究还相对较少。采用原位调查与实验模拟相结合的方法测定2014—2015年间白洋淀附植藻类和附泥藻类的现存量和初级生产力,并对附着藻类初级生产与白洋淀水体理化参数的关系进行分析。结果表明,不同采样季节的附植藻类和附泥藻类的叶绿素a分别为34.83—245.22μg/cm~2和26.08—297.40μg/cm~2,无灰干重分别为0.46—5.21g/m~2和0.61—5.81g/m~2。两种附着藻类的生物量都在8月最高,4月和11月最低。空间分布上,南刘庄、府河入口的附着藻类生物量显著高于采蒲台和枣林庄。白洋淀附植藻类和附泥藻类的年均总初级生产分别为494.20mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和474.45mg C m~(-2)d~(-1),呼吸速率为522.63mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和508.98mg C m~(-2)d~(-1),净初级生产为-28.44mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和-34.52mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)。白洋淀附着藻类初级生产力具有明显的时空分布规律,8月最高,6月次之,4月和11月最低,空间分布呈自西向东递减的趋势,在府河入淀口和南刘庄处最高,枣林庄和采蒲台最低。水质较好的区域的净初级生产力为正值,表明这些区域附着藻类以自养型群落为主,水质较差区域的净初级生产力为负值,则该区域以异养型群落为主。运用冗余分析法(RDA)探讨附着藻类与水质因子之间的关系,并采用向前引入法对水质因子进行逐步筛选,Monte Carlo置换检验结果显示,总磷、浮游植物叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、水温、透明度、溶解氧和氮磷比是影响附着藻类生物量和初级生产的关键水质因子。附着藻类的总初级生产与水体富营养化程度呈正相关关系。  相似文献   

10.
本文首次报道了贵州寒武系黔东统都匀阶早期杷榔组宏观藻类化石,包括4属4种藻类,其中2未定种,1新属,1新种,即江古宽带藻(新属、新种)Latizonuphyton jiangguensis gen.et sp.nov.,球状玛拉利亚藻Moraniaglobosa Walcott,1919,中华细丝藻(未定种)Sinocylindra sp.和?约克那斯藻(未定种)?Yuknessia sp.。其中,Latizonuphyton jiangguensis gen.et sp.nov.最为丰富。该组合中大多分子见于澄江、凯里和布尔吉斯等生物群,具有全球广泛分布的特征。  相似文献   

11.
Growth and different phases in the life histories of Bos-trychia tenella (Vohl.) J. Ag., Caloglossa leprieurii (Mont.) J. Ag., and Catenella impudica (Mont.) J. Ag. were estimated for 23 months from January 1986 to December 1987 in the Gautami Godavari estuary of lndia. Seasonal data on hydrographical conditions, biomass, and plant length were collected from three stations in this estuary. Biomass was minimum in August and September and maximum in January and February, as was frond length of tetrasporic and vegetative plants. Temperatures of 24°–27°C and salinities of 5–20 ppt coincided with optimal growth for all three algae. In all three species, tetrasporophytes were present in all months of the year without any seasonal periodicity, and nearly 50% of the plants were tetrasporophytes. The gametophytes of B. tenella and C. leprieurii and cystocarpic plants of C. impudica occurred from October to May, with greatest abundance in January. The abundance of spermatangial and cystocarpic plants in the populations of B. tenella and C. leprieurii ranged from 3 to 15%. Spermatangial plants of Catenella impudica could not be identified, and the abundance of cystocarpic plants was very low.  相似文献   

12.
Caloglossa species are widely distributed in mangroves and salt marshes around the world and their life history patterns are being investigated in laboratory culture. In Australia all isolates of C. monosticha , C. postiae and C. ogasawaraensis have Polysiphonia -type (P-type) sexual life histories. Among the 70 C. leprieurii isolates from Australia and New Zealand P-type sexual reproduction also is dominant. However, ten isolates of C. leprieurii from the Spencer Gulf and the Gulf of St. Vincent in South Australia give rise to successive tetrasporphyte generations without gametophytes. Moreover, one isolate from Queensland is asexual. Only one South Australia isolate, obtained from Lake Alexandrina at the mouth of the Murray River, is sexual. South Australia and Pacific Mexico are two regions in which asexual reproduction is dominant. In another mangrove dwelling red alga Bostrychia moritiziana (Rhodomelaceae) non-sexual reproduction also is frequent in Australia, New Caledonia and Bali (Indonesia). This asexual reproductive pattern of tetrasporophytic recycling appears to have arisen independently among individual populations of various red algal species in different regions. Investigations are underway on the molecular phylogeny of the Caloglossa leprieurii isolates.  相似文献   

13.
Zonation of macroalgae in the intertidal zone has been well documented. However, studies of zonation of macroalgae have predominantly examined the distribution of different species rather than the distribution of variants within a species. This study investigated the spatial variation of plastid haplotypes of the mangrove red alga Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh at a site in eastern Australia and tests for physiological differences (growth, photosynthesis) between those haplotypes. RUBISCO spacer plastid haplotypes were scored using single-stranded comformational polymorphism, and the population structure at two sites was examined using a nested sampling design comparing between sites, among transects within sites, and among quadrats within transects. Growth rates at various salinities and light intensities and the photosynthesis–irradiance curves of the three main haplotypes were compared. The two sites showed a high degree of genetic differentiation across a short distance, suggesting limited gene flow. The distribution of haplotypes was patchy and did not reflect a zonation pattern along the intertidal gradient. The three haplotypes were physiologically differentiated with haplotype A, with a lower growth rate and a lower photosynthetic efficiency at higher light intensities. There is some evidence of physiological differentiation between life history phases in C. leprieurii with sporophytes having a higher growth rate than females under most conditions. Our results suggest a correlation between our culture results and our population data. Haplotypes (haplotype A) and life history phases (gametophytes) with lower performance (growth and photosynthetic efficiency) under our culture conditions were correlated with a minor representation in the field. This is the first study to integrate population-level data with physiological parameters toward an understanding of the distribution and relative abundance of red algal genetic variants.  相似文献   

14.
Ultraviolet sunscreen compounds in epiphytic red algae from mangroves   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Karsten  Ulf  Sawall  Thomas  West  John  Wiencke  Christian 《Hydrobiologia》2000,432(1-3):159-171
Epiphytic red algae of the order Ceramiales from mangroves and salt marshes (nine species from Bostrychia, three from Stictosiphonia and four from Caloglossa) produce varying levels of the UV-absorbing compounds mycosporine-glycine, shinorine, porphyra-334, palythine, asterina-330 and palythinol, a suite of substances chemically assigned as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Mean MAA levels varied from 0.02 to 12.8 mg g–1 DW in field-collected and laboratory cultured specimens. While in field samples of Bostrychia montagneiHarvey, Bostrychia radicans (Montagne) Montagne and Caloglossa apomeiotica J.West et G.Zuccarello MAA concentrations were generally higher compared to cultured plants of the same taxa, Bostrychia tenella(Lamouroux) J.Agardh did not show such a difference. Catenella caespitosa (Withering) L.Irvine, Catenella impudica (Montagne) J.Agardh and Catenella nipae Zanardini (Gigartinales, Caulacanthaceae) produce two novel UV-absorbing compounds: MAA-1 (1.4–4.3 mg g –1 DW) and MAA-2 (0.1–1.0 mg g–1 DW), which absorb at 334 nm and 320 nm, respectively. In laboratory culture of Bostrychia moritziana when photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was increased from 20 to 40 mol photons m–2 s–1, the total level of palythinol increased by 85% (from 2.0 to 3.7 mg g–1 DW). In a culture of Caloglossa leprieurii when PAR was increased from 40 to 80 mol m–2 s–1the porphyra-334 content increased by 77% (from 3.1 to 5.5 mg g–1 DW). Extremely high MAA contents of >30 mg g–1 DW were detected in mature tetrasporangial sori prepared from two isolates of laboratory-cultured reproductive Caloglossa apomeiotica compared to vegetative plants (about 10 mg MAAs g–1 DW) indicating tetraspores loaded up with UV-sunscreens. All data demonstrate that mangrove red algae contain high MAA concentrations, particularly the reproductive structures, and hence these compounds may act as biochemical photoprotectants against exposure to UV-radiation.  相似文献   

15.
The macroalgal communities associated with pneumatophores, basal area of tree trunks and sediment surface in the mangrove forest at Sementa, Selangor consisted of nine main species. Biomass, frequency of occurrence and relative cover of the species along a belt transect, showed two major trends, a decrease in these parameters in the landward direction for Colpomenia sp. Gracilaria blodgettii and Gracilaria crassa and an increase in the landward direction for Dictyota dichotoma, Catenella nipae, Rhizoclonium sp. and Bostrichia radicans. Algal dominance varied with substratum. Pneumatophores were dominated by Caloglossa lepreurii and sediment surface by D. dichotoma. The 40 cm zone at the base of tree trunks was dominated by two algal species. The 0–20 cm region above the sediment surface was colonized by C. nipae, while the 20–40 cm region was dominated by Rhizoclonium sp. The study identified the importance of substrate in macroalgal colonization.  相似文献   

16.
The biomass of the benthic marine macroalgae from the inner Potter Cove was studied along a depth profile across different substrates during Antarctic summer. Macroalgal associations were identified by means of cluster analysis. Twenty-two species were found in the study site, approximately half of the species present in the area. This paucity may be explained by the strong preponderance of the brown algae Desmarestia anceps and D. menziesii, which are able to exclude other species by competition for light. The mean biomass of all macroalgae was 1,390 g DW/m2ǃ,787 g DW/m2. Nine macroalgal associations were identified with different preferences for depth, substrate and the degree of exposure. Overall, there was a tendency for macroalgae to grow on fine substrates with increasing depth. Species richness decreased at 20 m depth, probably due to limiting light conditions. The results are discussed with respect to previous studies in East and West Antarctica.  相似文献   

17.
厦门凤林红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
为摸清厦门集美凤林红树林湿地的大型底栖动物群落结构及其多样性现状,2002年1、4、7和10月在厦门集美凤林红树林区进行大型底栖动物调查,4个季度共获得大型底栖动物42种。生物量优势种是软体动物门的珠带拟蟹守螺(Cerithideacingulata)和节肢动物门的弧边招潮(Ucaarcuata)。密度优势种是软体动物门的短拟沼螺(Assimineabrevicula)和环节动物门的沼蚓(Limnodriloidessp.)。集美凤林红树林区大型底栖动物年平均密度和年平均生物量分别为1,990ind./m2和139.0g/m2。密度的季节变化是:1月>4月>10月>7月,生物量的季节变化是1月>10月>4月>7月。聚类分析和数量分布表明,优势种珠带拟蟹守螺、短拟沼螺、弧边招潮和沼蚓的季节变化各不相同。与2002年10月深圳湾福田红树林区大型底栖动物群落的物种多样性指数平均值(0.56)比较,厦门凤林红树林区的平均值较高(2.66)。文中分析了影响大型底栖动物多样性的环境因素。  相似文献   

18.
Caloglossa intermedia , sp. nov. is described from estuaries and salt marshes of Atlantic North America. This species is related to C. leprieurii (Montagne) G. Martens based on the position of rhizoids, whereas it is more similar to C. monosticha Kamiya in the number of cell rows at the nodes. Rhizoidal development of this alga also shows an intermediate characteristic between C. leprieurii and C. monosticha. Crosses were successful between the strains of C. intermedia from Georgia and South Carolina, but neither strain was interfertile with morphologically related species. C. intermedia from Georgia, New Jersey, and South Carolina had identical DNA sequences in the Rubisco spacer and flanking regions of rbc L and rbc S. This alga was more closely related to C. leprieurii in a molecular phylogenetic analysis. The evolution of each morphological character is discussed.  相似文献   

19.
In this study, we combined remote sensing data and in situ observations to explore the potential habitats of macroalgae at Libukang Island, Indonesia. High-resolution satellite images from the GeoEye-1 were used to estimate and to map the geomorphological structures together with macroalgal species in the study area. Seasonal variations of percentage cover and biomass of macroalgae associated with substrates were investigated in May and November 2014, and June 2015, using quadrats as sampling unit. A total of nine common genera were found in the study area with three dominant genera: Sargassum, Padina, and Turbinaria. Most of macroalgae was observed in the eastern part of the Island, on several substrate types and particular oceanographic conditions (wave and current). Mean biomasses of Sargassum and Padina were high in May (1189.6 ± 455 and 166.7 ± 15.4 g DW.m?2, respectively), while the biomass of Turbinaria was high in November (3245 ± 599.8 g DW.m?2). The map accuracy of image classification for all typology substrates was 74.19%. Overall, approximately 62.3% of the total study area can be considered as potential for natural macroalgae habitats. Spectral response characteristic of shallow water substrates at study area based on GeoEye-1 is also presented. The results of this study exhibit a potential utilization of natural macroalgae in the study area, and provide information for a possible diversification of the use of macroalgae in Indonesia. The method could be useful for habitat management and future biomonitoring in the study area or other similar areas in Indonesia.  相似文献   

20.
广西红树林蜘蛛群落研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
韦绥概  周放 《蛛形学报》2000,9(1):33-37
广西红树林区及其近邻非红树林生境共采集到蜘蛛82种,隶属于13科49属,其中红树林区有13科32属55种。红树林区以园蛛科、非红树林区以猫蛛科和狼蛛科种类所占比例较高。角腹艾蛛是红树林区的优势种。物种多样性和丰富度红树林区比非红树林区高。  相似文献   

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