抗菌肽Cecropin B-人溶菌酶融合蛋白表达载体的构建

目的是构建抗菌肽B(Cecropin B)和人溶菌酶(hLyso)的融合蛋白表达载体。从pUC118～hLyso上卸下人溶菌酶基因后,通过重叠区扩增法人工合成抗菌肽B基因,并将其融合到人溶菌酶基因的5’端。将抗菌肽B基因和人溶菌酶基因按正确的阅读框架定向克隆至大肠杆菌高效表达载体pET32a,终止子位于人溶菌酶基因的3’端。PCR鉴定及序列分析表明,所转化的BL21(DE3)菌落中含有插入Cecropin B-hLyso基因的重组质粒pET32a-CB-hLyso。     

人溶菌酶基因的克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆人溶菌酶基因并进行生物信息学分析及构建其原核表达载体方法:采用RT-PCR法扩增人溶菌酶基因,运用相关生物信息学软件对其理化性质、疏/亲水性、功能结构域及蛋白质二级结构等进行分析.将该基因克隆入载体pET32a,PCR、双酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定.结果:获得约400bp的人溶菌酶基因,其序列与GenBank中公布序列完全一致.生物信息学分析显示人溶菌酶基因编码130个氨基酸,分子量为14.7kDa,理论等电点为9.28,含有一个功能结构域,二级结构主要由α-螺旋、无规则卷曲、延伸链和β-转角组成.经PCR、双酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定,表明重级表达质粒构建成功.结论:该基因的克隆、生物信息学分析及原核表达质粒的构建为进一步研究其功能奠定了基础.     

棉蚜溶菌酶基因AgLYS的克隆与表达分析

【目的】克隆棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover溶菌酶基因并进行原核表达,分析其在不同日龄和不同寄主植物上棉蚜体内的表达特征,为进一步研究溶菌酶的功能及其与棉蚜共生菌间的关系奠定基础。【方法】以无翅棉蚜成虫总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR与RACE方法获得棉蚜溶菌酶基因的cDNA全长序列;将信号肽序列剪切后的棉蚜溶菌酶基因片段连接到原核表达载体pET-30a,并转化到大肠杆菌Eschericha coli中进行诱导表达;采用定量PCR方法测定该基因在不同日龄(1-19日龄)以及西葫芦、黄瓜和豇豆等不同寄主植物上棉蚜体内的相对表达量。【结果】克隆获得棉蚜溶菌酶基因,命名为AgLYS(Gen Bank登录号:KY575341),cDNA全长为680 bp,开放阅读框为516bp,编码172个氨基酸残基。AgLYS的N-末端含有长度为36个氨基酸残基的信号肽序列。系统发育分析表明,棉蚜溶菌酶属于i型溶菌酶,并且与豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum i型溶菌酶基因的氨基酸序列一致性达90%。AgLYS可在大肠杆菌中诱导表达,表达蛋白分子量为20 k D左右。AgLYS在1-19日龄的棉蚜体内均有表达,但在1-9日龄棉蚜体内表达量较低,11日龄后的棉蚜体内表达量极显著升高(P0.01)。同时,在西葫芦上饲养的棉蚜体内AgLYS的表达量极显著高于在黄瓜和豇豆上饲养的棉蚜体内的表达量(P0.01)。【结论】从棉蚜中克隆获得了i型溶菌酶基因AgLYS,并在大肠杆菌中诱导表达。棉蚜AgLYS基因的表达量受蚜虫日龄及所取食寄主种类的影响,推测棉蚜i型溶菌酶AgLYS可能与棉蚜体内共生菌种群密度的调控相关。     

重组人溶菌酶研究进展

与其他来源的溶菌酶相比,人溶菌酶具有独特的优越性和多种多样的药理作用效果,在临床上具有多种重要应用价值。但天然人溶菌酶来源极其困难,利用重组DNA技术进行生产是解决这一难题的有效途径。迄今人们已利用化学合成或从人类细胞组织中制备cDNA等途径获取人溶菌酶基因,并在大肠杆菌、酵母菌和真菌表达系统中进行了表达,最高水平为40mgL,低于人乳中溶菌酶含量(50～250mgL),虽然距离工业化生产仍有一定距离。但重组人溶菌酶发展前景看好。     

两种沼虾溶菌酶基因ORF的克隆和罗氏沼虾溶菌酶基因的组织表达(英文)

分别提取罗氏沼虾和日本沼虾血细胞总RNA,RT-PCR扩增获得特异性cDNA片段,纯化后克隆到T载体上。序列测定表明所克隆的两种沼虾溶菌酶基因的开放阅读框(ORF)为477bp,共编码158个氨基酸,包括溶菌酶成熟肽140个氨基酸残基和信号肽18个氨基酸残基。同源性分析表明,罗氏沼虾和日本沼虾溶菌酶基因的碱基序列及推测氨基酸序列高度同源,分别为99.4%和98.1%。两种沼虾溶菌酶基因的碱基序列和推测氨基酸序列与Gen-Bank上其他对虾溶菌酶的同源性达83.0%和80.0%以上。两种沼虾溶菌酶都具有c-型溶菌酶典型的两个酶活性位点(Glu51)和(Asp68),以及8个保守结构氨基酸残基Cys,且在101、106和107位上缺少Asp,因而推测本实验所克隆的两种沼虾溶菌酶基因属c-型溶菌酶基因的非钙结合亚型。以PCR法制备罗氏沼虾溶菌酶基因的生物素标记探针,斑点杂交检测感染弧菌后溶菌酶基因mRNA在各组织中的转录水平,结果表明受感染6h后在眼、肌肉、鳃、肝胰腺、肠管中的表达量均有升高,其中在肝胰腺中的表达量最高,约为对照组的560%。在不同感染时间里,肝胰腺中该基因表达量有较大的变化:感染后3h表达量最低,24h后表达量升至最高,大约为对照组的430%,48h时的表达量又有所下降,但仍明显高于对照组(约为330%)。受弧菌感染后罗氏沼虾溶菌酶基因转录的上调证明溶菌酶基因在非特异性免疫中的直接作用,同时表明肝胰腺可能在沼虾的免疫防御过程起重要作用。       

海参溶菌酶枯草芽孢杆菌基因工程菌构建

通过基因重组等技术构建重组海参溶菌酶的枯草芽孢杆菌基因工程菌,并对此基因工程菌进行生长曲线的测定和稳定性分析。结果表明,海参溶菌酶基因特异引物在400 bp处扩增出特异性条带,与预期的海参溶菌酶基因大小一致;重组表达质粒pHT43-SjLys经双酶切验证得8 000 bp和400 bp左右的片段;重组海参溶菌酶的枯草芽孢杆菌基因工程菌与原始菌株WB600相比生长趋势基本一致,外源基因的插入对菌体的生理代谢未造成太大影响;在无选择压力的条件下,重组质粒的稳定性良好,连续传5次后的遗传稳定性为94%,并且提取质粒和双酶切验证后发现工程菌没有发现重排或丢失现象。表明重组海参溶菌酶基因工程菌pHT43-SjLys/WB600构建成功。     

噬菌体T7溶菌酶及其融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达

以噬菌体Ｔ７ＤＮＡ为模板,ＰＣＲ扩增Ｔ７溶菌酶基因,插入ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＳＫ载体中,ＤＮＡ序列分析表明,克隆的Ｔ７溶菌酶基因和已报道的序列无氨基酸水平上的差异。将Ｔ７溶菌酶基因分别拼接在烟草病原相关蛋白（ＰＲ１ｂ）信号肽编码序列的３’末端和马铃薯卷叶病毒外壳蛋白（ＰＬＲＶＣＰ）基因靠近３’末端处,构建成两个融合蛋白基因。将Ｔ７溶菌酶及其融合蛋白基因插入大肠杆菌表达载体ｐＢＶ２２１,蛋白电泳及溶菌实验表明,Ｔ７溶菌酶基因在大肠杆菌中高效表达,其产物的表达量占菌体可溶性蛋白的２０％以上,ＰＬＲＶＣＰ的表达量并没有因Ｃ端融合Ｔ７溶菌酶而提高,高等植物的信号肽在大肠杆菌中也能起分泌信号作用。     

融合基因Mdc-hly的构建及原核表达

构建家蝇天蚕素-人溶菌酶(Mdc-hly)融合基因,实现Mdc-hly基因在大肠杆菌中的表达。通过RT-PCR分别扩增出家蝇天蚕素和人溶菌酶的成熟肽基因序列,再利用Gene-SOEing技术构建融合基因,将融合基因克隆至pET32a表达载体,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导得到高效表达,融合蛋白分子量约为38kD。Western blotting杂交证实了表达蛋白的抗原活性。成功构建了融合其因并进行了原核表达,为进一步的生物活性研究打下基础。     

人IL-18的基因克隆、表达及纯化

目的 :克隆人IL 1 8基因 ,并构建高表达人IL 1 8的工程菌 ,纯化获得重组人IL 1 8。方法 :从人肿瘤组织内提取总RNA ,利用逆转录聚合酶链反应扩增人IL 1 8基因 ,在基因的 5′和 3′端分别加上NcoI和EcoRI酶切位点 ,酶切后直接克隆至质粒表达载体pET2 8a( + )内 ,转化大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3) ,挑选转化子 ,IPTG诱导后SDS PAGE筛选高表达人IL 1 8的工程菌。提取表达菌质粒进行DNA序列分析。表达菌大量培养及IPTG诱导后 ,超声破菌收集包涵体 ,十二烷基肌苷酸钠溶解后用阳离子柱和分子筛纯化。结果 :克隆的人IL 1 8基因序列完全正确 ,工程菌表达的人IL 1 8约占菌体蛋白 30 % ,以包涵体形式存在 ,经阳离子柱和分子筛纯化获得了较纯的人IL 1 8。结论 :可用构建的工程菌大量制备人IL 1 8,为开展人IL 1 8药物的临床前研究奠定了基础。     

黑曲霉Z6植酸酶基因phyA的克隆及表达

目的:克隆植酸酶基因phyA,构建毕赤酵母表达载体,转化毕赤酵母,并对重组工程菌的表达产物进行初步酶学性质研究.方法:以植酸酶高产菌株-黑曲霉Z6染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到植酸酶基因phyA,序列鉴定后连接到毕赤酵母穿梭载体pPIC9K上,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-phyA,电击转化毕赤酵母KM71,筛选得到重组转化子.对重组工程菌表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和酶活性研究.结果:phyA序列分析表明该基因具有典型的植酸酶活性位点保守序列ArgHisGlyAlaArgTyrPro,与NC-BI已发表的植酸酶基因同源性较高,达到94%以上.该序列已提交GenBank,序列号为DQ318022.重组工程菌KM71-phyA7的PCR扩增证实了植酸酶基因已整合到酵母基因组中,植酸酶能有效分泌和表达,粗酶液酶活可达875U/mL.结论:植酸酶基因phyA在毕赤酵母中成功表达,为今后的定向改组奠定了基础.     

Production of Cell-Bound Proteinase by Lactobacillus bulgaricus and its Location in the Bacterial Cell

Lactobacillus bulgaricus NCDO 1489 produced a single, cell-bound proteinase during growth on nutrient medium at 45°C. Proteinase activity was optimal at 45–50°C and pH 5.2–5.8. and was inhibited by chelating agents. The enzyme was mainly associated with the cell envelope but could be liberated from cells under conditions favouring autolysis or by treatment of the cells with lysozyme. Its relation to the growth of the organism in milk and possible role in formation of fermented milk products are discussed.     

Heterologous protein secretion by Aspergillus niger growing in submerged culture as dispersed or aggregated mycelia

The secreted production of a heterologous enzyme, hen egg-white lysozyme, by Aspergillus niger was studied in shake flasks containing media of different initial viscosities. Raising the viscosity of the medium by addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) brought about a transition in the form of growth from aggregated mycelia (pellets) to dispersed mycelia. The specific yield of lysozyme in cultures containing an initial concentration of 5% (w/v) starch was 8 mg lysozyme/g dry weight. Addition of 2% (w/v) PVP to the medium resulted in a specific yield of 14 mg lysozyme/g dry weight.     

工程菌人溶菌酶的纯化和性质

将人溶菌酶工程菌株在发酵培养、菌体经超声破碎、变性和复性后所得的粗酶液经ExpressIon S阳离子交换柱层析,得到电泳纯的酶,比活达到48KG*4]000u/mg。此酶的最适pH为6.5;等电点为8.91;对溶壁微球菌的米氏常数Km=0.0311mg/mL;60℃保温30〖KG*4]min,酶活力剩余48.3%。N末端氨基酸序列除了第一个Met,其余4个与预期相符。一些重金属离子对酶的活性影响不尽相同,在0.01     

链霉菌G4溶菌酶的产生条件及特性

对链霉菌G4的产酶发酵条件和溶菌特性进行研究结果表明:蔗糖30 g/L、大豆蛋白胨12.5 g/L、牛肉膏2 g/L,对产酶最为有利;G4溶菌酶最适培养温度33 ℃,培养时间72 h,培养基初始pH 8.G4溶菌酶的最适作用温度和最适作用pH分别是55 ℃和6.5,多数金属离子会抑制G4溶菌酶的活性,其中Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、 Pb2+几乎可以使其完全失活;对几种细菌、酵母菌的研究表明,G4溶菌酶对卵清溶菌酶不能作用的变形链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的溶解活性.     

凝胶法生长溶菌酶晶体的研究

凝胶介质可以排除或削弱晶体生长过程中重力引起的对流和沉淀现象,用凝胶法生长生物大分子晶体是一种新的探索。使用类似于悬滴汽相扩散的方法,凝胶中生长出单个较大的外形发育完善且高度对称的鸡蛋清溶菌酶晶体。ＭＰＤ在凝胶中对溶菌酶结晶与溶液中具有相似的抑核作用。排循照像实验表明,凝胶法生长的晶体具有较强的衍射能力。     

Digestive function of lysozyme in synanthropic acaridid mites enables utilization of bacteria as a food source

The activity of lysozyme, the enzyme that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan in G⁺ bacterial cell walls, was detected in whole mite extracts (WME) and in spent growth medium extracts (SGME) of 14 species of synanthropic mites (Acari: Acaridida). The adaptation of lysozyme for digestive activity and bacteriophagy was based on: (i) high lysozyme activity in SGME, and (ii) the correlation of maximum lysozyme activity at acidic pH values, corresponding to pH in the ventriculus and caeca. We show that the digestion of fluorescein-labeled Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells began in ventriculus and continued during the passage of a food bolus through the gut. The fluorescein was absorbed by midgut cells and penetrated to parenchymal tissues. Eight species showed a higher rate of population growth on a M. lysodeikticus diet than on a control diet. The lysozyme activity in SGME was positively correlated to the standardized rate (r _s) of population growth, although no correlation was found between r _s and lysozyme activity in WME. The lysozyme activity in WME was negatively correlated to that in SGME. The highest activity of digestive lysozyme was found in Lepidoglyphus destructor, Chortoglyphus arcuatus and Dermatophagoides farinae. All of these findings indicate that lysozyme in acaridid mites possesses both defensive and digestive functions. The enzymatic properties of mite lysozyme are similar to those of the lysozymes present in the ruminant stomach and in the insect midgut.     

Lysozyme stimulates immunoglobulin production by human-human hybridoma and human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Lysozyme [EC 3.2.1.17] derived from hen egg white stimulated immunoglobulin production by human-human hybridoma, HB4C5 cells producing human lung cancer specific monoclonal IgM. IgM production by HB4C5 cells was enhanced more than 13-fold by the addition of lysozyme at 380 μg/ml in a serum-free medium. The immunoglobulin production stimulating effect of lysozyme was observed immediately after inoculation and maintained for 5 days. Lysozyme enhanced immunoglobulin production by the hybridoma line without growth promotion. This enzyme also accelerated IgM and IgG production of human peripheral blood lymphocytes 5.3-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. These results suggest that lysozyme stimulates immunoglobuling production of not only specific hybridoma line, but also non-specific immunoglobulin producers. However, although the enzymatic activity of lysozyme was almost lost by heat-treatment at 100 °C for 30 min, the IPSF activity was retained. This fact suggests that IPSF activity of lysozyme does not come from its enzymatic activity or reaction products. All these findings clearly indicate that lysozyme has a novel function as an immunoglobulin production stimulating factor. GAPDH - glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Ig - immunoglobulin; IPSF - immunoglobulin production stimulating factor; PBL - peripheral blood lymphocytes; HPLC - high-performance liquid chromatography. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

降解菊粉担子菌的分离鉴定及其酶的产生

从菊芋地的腐木上分离到一株在以菊粉为唯一碳源和能源的培养基上生长良好,具有较高菊粉酶活性的担子菌菌株,经鉴定为采绒革盖菌（Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｕｓｖｅｒｓｉｏｌｏｒ）。该菌的菊粉酶大部分是胞外酶,此酶对菊粉的专一性高,其Ｉ／Ｓ比值在发酵过程中不断变化。菊粉酶活性平行地随菌体生长而增加。该酶的合成受菊粉诱导,受果糖抑制。当果糖浓度大于２．７ｍｇ／ｍｌ时,菊粉酶活性为零。菌体的匀质化可使生长加快从而获得大量菊粉酶。     

Phorbol myristate acetate-induced release of granule enzymes from human neutrophils: inhibition by the calcium antagonist, 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated the extracellular release of the granule-associated enzyme lysozyme from human neutrophils. The extrusion of lysozyme was not accompanied by the release of β-glucuronidase or the cytosol enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. A time dependent PMA-induced release of lysozyme occurred in the absence of extracellular calcium and when neutrophils were preincubated with EGTA. 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8), an antagonist of intracellular calcium, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of lysozyme release from neutrophils exposed to PMA in a calcium-free medium. This effect of TMB-8 could be reversed by the addition of calcium to the extracellular medium. These studies indicate that TMB-8 represents a valuable pharmacologic tool used to define the dependence of a secretagogue such as PMA on intracellular as opposed to extracellular calcium.     

Preparations of immobilized lysozyme with reversibly soluble polymer for hydrolysis of microbial cells

Hen egg white lysozyme was immobilized by carbodiimide method to form amide bonds with a polymer (AS-L) showing reversibly soluble-insoluble characteristics with pH change. The immobilized enzyme (LY-AS) was soluble above pH 6 and precipitate below pH 4.5, offering advantages in that it can carry out hydrolysis of microbial cells in a soluble form yet be recovered after precipitation at low pH. The maximum specific activity of LY-AS was 66% of that of free lysozyme with M. lysodeikticus cells as substrate, which is much higher than the values reported in the literature using water-insoluble materials as carriers. The effects of pH and temperature on the activity of LY-AS were studied and compared with those of free lysozyme. With repeated pH cycles between 6.6 and 4.5, the operation half-life of immobilized enzyme activity was nine cycles. Repeated batch lysis of microbial cells could be carried out with intermittent enzyme precipitation and recovery steps. In such an operation the insoluble residual cells should be recovered together with the immobilized enzyme to minimize enzyme loss arising from adsorption to cells.