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1.
银杉遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:44,自引:0,他引:44       下载免费PDF全文
用随机扩增多态 DNA(RAPD)标记方法对银杉(Chthaya argyrophylla)75个个体(采自湖南和四川)进行了遗传多样性检测. 21个 10 mer -的寡核苷酸引物共检测106个位点,其中多态位点34个,占32%.相对于其它裸子植物,银杉的遗传变异水平偏低.湖南居群和四川居群的多态位点百分率分别为 18%和 25%,两居群间的遗传变异量占总变异量的 7. 99%,这一数值高于裸子植物居群间遗传差异的平均值(6.8%).同时,发现遗传变异水平的高低与生境的复杂程度有一定的相关性.由于点突变和随机遗传漂变,银杉的部分亚居群间有较强烈的分化,亚居群间的遗传差异最高可达 16. 23%.此外,提出了度量遗传多样性水平的分化指数概念及其计算方法,并指出低水平的遗传多样性可能是银杉濒危的原因之一.  相似文献   

2.
利用RAPD分子标记对5个栲树(Castanopsis fargesii Franch.) 天然群体共计188个个体的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析.41个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测到385个位点,其中多态位点157个,占40.78%.物种水平的Shannon多样性指数I=0.459 7,Nei基因多样度h=0.296.遗传变异分析表明,栲树群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,利用Shannon多样性指数估算的分化(Hsp-Hpop)/Hsp=0.047 6,遗传分化系数Gst =0.042 9,分子方差分析(AMOVA)也证实了这一结论,群体内的变异组分占了94.97%,群体间变异只占5.03%.AMOVA分析结果的显著性检验也表明,群体间及群体内个体间均呈现出显著分化(P<0.001).  相似文献   

3.
不同采样策略对细距堇菜遗传多样性估算的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
李昂  葛颂 《Acta Botanica Sinica》2000,42(10):1069-1074
采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对分布于北京金山、檀枯寺、香山樱桃沟的细距堇菜(Viola tenuicornis W.Beck.)的遗传变异和群体分化进行了初步研究。对8个酶系统11个等位酶位点的检测表明,该种在上述地区的遗传变异水平明显高于多年生草本的平均值,多成位点百分率P=72.7%,等位基因平均数A=2.4,平均期望杂合度He=0.243;群体间的遗传分化略小于多年生草本的平均值,杂和性基因多样  相似文献   

4.
应用ISSR标记技术分析来自北部湾的拟穴青蟹6个地理群体(清化、党江、钦州湾、流沙湾、珍珠湾、闸口)的遗传变异和遗传结构,8条ISSR引物扩增111个个体,分析其中的66个位点,56个位点表现出多态性,表明拟穴青蟹在物种水平上的多态位点百分率是84.85%.拟穴青蟹6个群体的多态位点百分率为51.52% ~63.64%,平均为57.58%.群体的遗传多样性按自高至低顺序排列为清化群体>党江群体>钦州湾群体>流沙湾群体>珍珠湾群体>闸口群体.拟穴青蟹在种水平或群体水平上的多态位点百分率和Shannon信息指数表明,拟穴青蟹遗传多样性在甲壳类动物中处于较高层次,但比甲壳类以外的几类经济海产动物遗传多样性低.总的遗传分化系数GST值为0.1841,表明,总遗传变异的绝大部分存在于群体内,群体间的遗传分化程度较大.但是,绝大部分两两群体间的遗传分化系数值在0.0689 ~0.1276,为中等程度的遗传分化.AMOVA分析表明,群体内遗传变异占87.97%,群体间遗传变异占12.03%,群体间遗传分化程度中等但分化显著.Mantel test结果表明,拟穴青蟹6个群体间的遗传距离与地理距离之间的相关性不显著.聚类分析表明,来自广西沿海的4个群体聚成一支.  相似文献   

5.
栲树天然群体遗传结构的RAPD分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
利用RAPD分子标记对 5个栲树 (CastanopsisfargesiiFranch .)天然群体共计 188个个体的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析。 4 1个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测到 385个位点 ,其中多态位点 15 7个 ,占 4 0 .78%。物种水平的Shannon多样性指数I=0 .4 5 97,Nei基因多样度h =0 .2 96。遗传变异分析表明 ,栲树群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内 ,利用Shannon多样性指数估算的分化 (Hsp_Hpop) /Hsp=0 .0 4 76 ,遗传分化系数Gst =0 .0 4 2 9,分子方差分析 (AMOVA)也证实了这一结论 ,群体内的变异组分占了 94 .97% ,群体间变异只占 5 .0 3%。AMOVA分析结果的显著性检验也表明 ,群体间及群体内个体间均呈现出显著分化 (P <0 .0 0 1)。  相似文献   

6.
利用ISSR和RAPD技术对4个夏蜡梅种群25个单株的遗传多样性进行研究。从60条简单重复序列引物中筛选出了10条引物在25个个体中共检测到62个可重复的位点,其中多态位点为41个,总的多态位点百分率为65.60%;从60条寡居核苷酸引物中筛选出了10条引物共扩增出52个位点,其中多态性位点31个,多态性位点的百分率为57.50%。Shannon指数估算的夏蜡梅群体总遗传多样性为0.3737,各群体平均遗传多样性为0.1645。Nei’s指数估算的夏蜡梅群体总遗传多样性为0.2528,各群体平均遗传多样性为01117;物种水平的有效等位基因数为1.4473,平均值为1.1972。4个自然群体的基因分化系数Gst=05297,即总的变异中有52.97%的变异存在于群体间,而群体内的遗传变异占总变异的47.03%,群体间遗传距离平均值0.2187。也表明了夏蜡梅4个群体间出现了遗传分化。夏蜡梅群体间的基因流较低,Nm=04450。聚类分析将4个种群聚为2支,且聚类结果表现出明显的地域性特征。作为狭域分布种,夏蜡梅各群体间存在遗传分化和多样性程度不高,对夏蜡梅种群多样性的就地和迁地保护势在必行。  相似文献   

7.
九种杜鹃属植物的遗传分化研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
高连明  张长芹  王中仁   《广西植物》2000,20(4):377-382+393
采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术 ,对 9种杜鹃属 ( Rhododendron)植物的遗传分化进行了初步研究。对 10个酶系统的 14个等位酶位点的检测表明 ,9种杜鹃花在种内个体间的遗传变异水平较高 ,多态位点比率数为 P=2 8.6%~ 57.1% ,等位基因平均数 A=1.3~ 1.9,平均预期杂合度 He=0 .111~ 0 .319,平均观察杂合度 Ho=0 .0 83~ 0 .381。种间的多态位点比率非常高 P=10 0 % ,这说明杜鹃属种间的遗传分化较高 ,具有丰富的遗传多样性。杂合性基因多样化比率 Fst=0 .683,表明各种间存在明显的遗传分化现象  相似文献   

8.
中国野生大豆的遗传多样性和生态特异性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
野生大豆(Glycine soja)是栽培大豆的祖先,为东亚特有种,大部分分布在中国。我们采用52对SSR引物和10个植物学性状,以遗传丰富度和Simpson多样性指数为指标,对来自中国3个地理生态区域涉及24个省区的196份野生大豆所构成的代表性样本的遗传变异进行了研究,以期从分子水平和表型水平两个层面上揭示中国野生大豆遗传多样性和地理生态特异性。结果表明:中国野生大豆群体SSR位点的等位基因平均丰富度(NA)和平均Simpson多样性指数(H)分别为16.1和0.852,高于栽培大豆(NA=11.4,H=0.773),野生群体的遗传多样性明显高于栽培群体。3个地理生态群体中南方群体多样性最高(NA=12.9,H=0.842),黄淮海群体最低(NA=11.4,H=0.805),东北群体居中(NA=12.5,H=0.834)。群体间存在遗传分化,不同群体具有不同的特异等位基因,位点AW132402(A2连锁群)、Satt522(F)、satt150(M)、Sat_332(D1a)、Satt046(K)、sct_190(K)等的一些等位基因只在特定群体出现,表现出群体分化后的生态特异性。中国野生大豆植物学性状的群体变异丰富,平均Simpson多样性指数为0.710。地理群体间存在分化,最明显的是生育期性状的分化,反映了地理、光照和温度等生态因子的选择作用,其中南方地理群体多样性最高(H=0.671)。SSR分子标记和植物学性状所获结果相对一致,表明中国野生大豆地理群体间性状分化有其遗传分化的基础。  相似文献   

9.
我国草鱼野生群体D-Loop序列遗传变异分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用线粒体DNA的D-Loop区序列,对来自长江水系(邗江、吴江、九江、石首、木洞和万州)、珠江水系(肇庆)和黑龙江水系(嫩江)的8个草鱼野生群体开展了遗传变异分析。在424尾鱼中检测到34个变异位点,34个单倍型,单倍型多样性介于0.474—0.708。群体间Kimura双参数遗传距离介于0.0020—0.0049。长江下游3个群体间遗传距离最近,遗传分化不显著(P0.05);肇庆群体与长江上游3个群体遗传距离较近,与九江群体遗传分化不显著(P0.05);嫩江群体与长江上游2个群体遗传距离较近,与万州群体遗传分化不显著(P0.05)。遗传距离与地理距离存在极显著正相关(R=0.61,P0.01)。分子方差分析显示,不同流域间遗传变异占总变异26.24%,差异极显著(P0.01)。34个单倍型分为2个分支,分化极显著(FST=0.644,P0.01),推测分化时间为第四纪更新世纪晚期。  相似文献   

10.
天然红松群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
夏铭  周晓峰  赵士洞 《生态学报》2001,21(5):730-737
用RAPD技术分析了分布于中国东北的3个红松(Pinus koraiensis Seib.et Zucc.)天然群体的遗传多样性及群体间的遗传分化。38个随机引物共检测到241个可重复的位点,其中多态位点139个,占总位点的57.68%。Shannon信息指数和Nei指数的统计结果都表明,红松种内的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,凉水群体的遗传多样性水平高于黑河、虎林群体。群体内遗传相似度为0.927,群体间为0.845。红松现阶段对偏低的遗传多样性水平与第四纪冰期所遭受的严重打击和人类近期的干扰有较大关系。  相似文献   

11.
长白红景天天然种群遗传多样性及遗传分化   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
颜廷芬  周福军 《植物研究》1999,19(2):189-194
本研究利用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对分布于黑龙江省大海林业业局平顶山及吉林省的长白山北坡的四个海拔梯度的长白红景天的遗传多样性及遗传分化进行了初步分析,  相似文献   

12.
选取湖南大围山和八面山3处典型的香果树(Emmenopterys henryi)群落,通过分析香果树种群的重要值、物种多样性、年龄结构,绘制生命表和生存曲线图,并与其他不同地区3处香果树群落进行比较,探讨不同纬度、不同立地生境对香果树种群的年龄结构和演替动态的影响。结果表明:(1)大围山上游香果树群落的优势种群为多脉榆(Ulmus castaneifolia)、香果树和青钱柳(Cyclocaryapaliuru);大围山下游香果树群落的优势种群为黄檀(Dalbergia hupeana)、香果树和油茶(Camellia oleifera);八面山香果树群落的优势种群为野核桃(Juglans cathayensis)、香果树和小叶青冈(Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia)。(2)大围山上游香果树群落共有维管植物60科96属118种,大围山下游香果树群落共有维管植物76科120属163种,大围山上游和下游香果树群落地理成分均表现为温带成分高于热带成分;八面山香果树群落共有维管植物61科95属108种,地理成分表明热带成分高于温带成分。(3)根据年龄结构和生存分析,香果树种群在不同的群落中所处演替阶段不同,大围山上游为衰退型种群,大围山下游为稳定型种群,八面山为增长型种群,均具有代表性。(4)经分析对比,纬度位置、岩石裸露度、郁闭度、群落内优势种群的生长状况和人为破坏程度等是影响香果树种群生长趋势的因素,建议对大围山的2个香果树群落应加强后续监测,并参照八面山的香果树种群生存状况针对岩石裸露度、郁闭度等进行适当人工干扰和管理,以保障香果树种群的健康生长。  相似文献   

13.
The macaque population of the Shimokita Peninsula represents the northernmost distribution of this species and is isolated from other populations in the Tohoku region of Japan. A previous protein-based study revealed a high level of genetic variability in this population and considerable differentiation from other populations. In order to reassess the genetic features of the Shimokita macaques, we examined 11 autosomal microsatellite loci and three Y chromosomal microsatellite loci. We observed considerable differentiation from other Japanese populations of macaques, but in contrast to the previous results, we observed significantly lower genetic variability in this population. There was a weak indication of a population bottleneck, suggesting a decay over time from an excess of heterozygotes that might be expected in the initial stages of a bottleneck. This may indicate that an ancient bottleneck occurred during the warm period after the last glacial period rather than a recent bottleneck due to hunting in modern times. The frequencies of private alleles were exceptionally high in the Shimokita population, suggesting that the difference in variability as determined in various studies was due to accidental sampling of marker loci with low power to resolve genetic variations in the protein-based studies. The assessments of interpopulation differentiation as determined using autosomal and Y chromosomal markers were highly correlated, and using both types of markers the Shimokita population was found to be the most differentiated of the study populations, probably due to infrequent gene flow with surrounding populations.  相似文献   

14.
祁连山两侧中国沙棘不同居群的遗传多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用RAPD技术研究了祁连山中段中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoidoes ssp.sinensis)4个居群和1个对照居群的遗传多样性水平,探讨中国沙棘边缘居群的遗传变异以及天然屏障祁连山对中国沙棘居群遗传结构的影响。结果显示,祁连山地区中国沙棘居群水平的Nei’基因多样度(h)和Shannon多态信息指数(I)分别为0.2070和 0.297 4,基因分化系数(Gst)为0.319 3,均高于中国沙棘整个分布区的平均值,表明该地中国沙棘边缘居群遗传多样性水平及居群间的遗传分化都有增加的趋势;居群间每代迁移数(Nm=1.065 9)显著低于异交风媒植物(Nm= 5.380),表明祁连山的隔离对中国沙棘居群间的基因交流有限制作用,造成了该地中国沙棘边缘居群间较高的遗传分化。  相似文献   

15.
华山新麦草自然居群沿海拔梯度的遗传分化   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
华山新麦草为我国特有种 ,仅分布于陕西华山 ,是国家一级珍稀濒危植物和急需保护的农作物野生亲缘种。应用 RAPD技术 ,选取 8条引物对华山新麦草自然分布区的 3个山峪(种群 ) 1 1个样方 (亚居群 ) 79个华山新麦草个体的总 DNA进行随机扩增 ,共得到 65个RAPD位点。统计分析表明 ,在华山的 3个山峪 (居群 )中 ,黄埔峪 (居群 )与其它 2个山峪 (居群 )发生较显著的遗传分化 ;华山峪 6个亚居群的个体平均 RAPD位点数有随海拔的升高而下降的趋势 ;6个亚居群间的相似性系数也有随海拔的升高而下降的趋势 ;华山峪的高海拔亚居群和低海拔亚居群间表现出明显差异。主成分分析结果进一步证明了黄埔峪居群与华山峪居群和仙峪居群间、以及华山峪的高海拔亚居群与低海拔亚居群间已发生一定程度的分化。研究结果暗示海拔差异是导致华山新麦草自然居群遗传分化的主要因素 ,海拔差异造成的有限的基因流可能才是影响居群和亚居群遗传分化的主要因子 ,而亚居群内遗传变异程度则与该亚居群的所处的特定生境有关  相似文献   

16.
本研究选取国内主要种质采集区-滇东南石灰岩地区7个不同干扰居群为研究对象,旨在对其居群内和居群间遗传变异进行比较研究,以期对其保护措施的提出提供理论依据。通过利用SRAP标记对167个体的遗传多样性和遗传结构研究,结果表明:10对SRAP引物共扩增出288个位点,多态位点比率(PPB)达81.25%,香侬指数(I)为0.3709,在种水平上的具有较高遗传多样性;而居群水平上的多态位点比率仅为47.92%, 香侬指数为0.2348, 居群间平均Nei’s遗传距离为0.1268。经分子遗传变异方差分析(AMOVA)表明,有66.27%的遗传变异来源于居群内,居群间变异占总变异33.73%,此结果与遗传分化系数(Gst=0.3568)结果吻合,居群间基因流(Nm)为0.902, 不同地区间硬叶兜兰居群存在较高的遗传分化; 7个居群的UPGMA聚类在遗传相似性系数达0.863,聚为两支;经Mantel检测(r =0.298, P>0.05),表明居群间遗传距离与地理距离无显著相关性。居群当前较高的遗传分化与其交配系统有关,其次,外在因素:人为采集、生境破坏和片断化造成居群内遗传多样性的丧失,加剧居群间的遗传分化,再次,遗传漂变也是另一重要影响因素;此外,适应性进化亦可能加剧了居群间的遗传分化,而基因流对遗传分化的影响不大。  相似文献   

17.
应用同工酶分析方法,测定北京市东灵山区两个分别代表干旱和湿润生境的辽东栋(QuercusliaotungensisKoiz.)群体的遗传结构。共分析统计了13 个酶系统30 个位点。结果表明:辽东栎群体内部存在丰富的遗传变异(多态位点百分率为86.6% ,等位基因平均数为2.25)。两群体遗传结构的相似性程度很高(D= 0.029, GST= 0.048);但在个别位点上仍存在较大差异,这些差异的产生可能与对小生境的适应有关。对不同年龄段的初步分析结果显示,基因频率的动态变化可能有其适应意义  相似文献   

18.
Genetic diversity and population structure of 113 chicken populations from Africa, Asia and Europe were studied using 29 microsatellite markers. Among these, three populations of wild chickens and nine commercial purebreds were used as reference populations for comparison. Compared to commercial lines and chickens sampled from the European region, high mean numbers of alleles and a high degree of heterozygosity were found in Asian and African chickens as well as in Red Junglefowl. Population differentiation (FST) was higher among European breeds and commercial lines than among African, Asian and Red Junglefowl populations. Neighbour‐Net genetic clustering and structure analysis revealed two main groups of Asian and north‐west European breeds, whereas African populations overlap with other breeds from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean region. Broilers and brown egg layers were situated between the Asian and north‐west European clusters. structure analysis confirmed a lower degree of population stratification in African and Asian chickens than in European breeds. High genetic differentiation and low genetic contributions to global diversity have been observed for single European breeds. Populations with low genetic variability have also shown a low genetic contribution to a core set of diversity in attaining maximum genetic variation present from the total populations. This may indicate that conservation measures in Europe should pay special attention to preserving as many single chicken breeds as possible to maintain maximum genetic diversity given that higher genetic variations come from differentiation between breeds.  相似文献   

19.
In natural populations of Festuca pratensis Huds. from the islands of Onega Lake, the level of genetic diversity was evaluated. In three populations variability of 64 RAPD loci was tested. The level of genetic diversity (P 95% = 30.2; H exp = 0.093) was low for a cross-pollinating plant species. Furthermore, genetic similarity between the plants from insular populations was found to be high (I N = 0.887). It was demonstrated that genetic variation among the population accounted for at most 5.3% of total genetic diversity, which, however, was higher than the F ST values for continental populations (F ST = 0.022). It was suggested that specific features of the genetic structure of insular population, i.e., low gene diversity within the populations along with high differentiation among the populations, were caused by the gene flow attenuation, as a result of isolation, and intensification of inbreeding. These features had negative effect on total population adaptation.  相似文献   

20.
Michalski SG  Durka W 《Molecular ecology》2007,16(22):4715-4727
The mating system of a plant is the prime determinant of its population genetic structure. However, mating system effects may be modified by postzygotic mechanisms like inbreeding depression. Furthermore, historical as well as contemporary ecological factors and population characteristics, like the location within the species range can contribute to genetic variability. Using microsatellite markers we assessed the population genetic structure of the wind-pollinated Juncus atratus in 16 populations from peripheral and nearly central areas of the distribution range and studied the mating system of the species. In three peripheral populations, outcrossing rates at seeds stage were low (mean t(m) = 5.6%), suggesting a highly autogamous mating system. Despite this fact, on adult stage both individual heterozygosity (mean H(O) = 0.48) and gene diversity (mean H(E) = 0.58) were high even in small populations. Inbreeding coefficients were consistently low among all populations (mean F(IS) = 0.15). Within the three peripheral populations indirect estimates of lifetime inbreeding depression were surprisingly high (delta(eq) = 0.96) and inbreeding depression could be shown to act mostly on early seedling establishment. Similar conditions of autogamy combined with high inbreeding depression are typical for plants with a large lifetime genomic mutation rate that cannot avoid selfing by geitonogamy. However, the results presented here are unexpected for small-statured, herbaceous plants. Substantial genetic differentiation among all populations was found (mean F(ST) = 0.24). An isolation-by-distance pattern was apparent on large scale but not on local scale suggesting that the overall pattern was largely influenced by historical factors, e.g. colonization, whereas locally genetic drift was of greater importance than gene flow. Peripheral populations exhibited lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding coefficients when compared with subcentral populations.  相似文献   

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