贵州三叠纪海龙类化石-新材料

记述了贵州关岭晚三叠世早期法郎组瓦窑段新的海龙标本一个基本完整的侧向挤压头骨及下颌(中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所标本编号V11860).根据图版,它与尹恭正等(2000)建立并归入鱼龙目Cymbospondylidae科的孙氏“新铺鱼龙”(Xinpusaurussuni)极为相似.但是由于从文章中得不到头部关键性状的描述,并且本文第一作者到贵阳也不被允许观察标本,目前只有依据与正模图版的对比将V11860标本暂定为孙氏新铺龙相似种(XinpusauruscfXsuni).由于系统分类位置的改变,建议将该属的中文名称由“新铺鱼龙”改为新铺龙.迄今为止,在所有海龙类头骨中此标本提供了最多可以观察到的性状,包括脑颅侧面的特征.这是一类小型的海龙,吻部中等长度,微微向腹面倾斜;上颌骨前端背向弯曲,此处牙齿扩大且向前平伏;头骨前部的牙齿(前颌骨、上颌骨前部、齿骨)圆锥形,较突出,而靠后部的牙齿可能较圆钝(保存不完整);前颌骨与上颌骨牙齿间无明显间隙;犁骨和翼骨具齿;下颌细长,齿骨联合部窄.长的齿骨大约占下颌长度的2/3.基于18个性状进行了初步的支序分析,结果表明新铺龙与北美的Nectosaurus关系最近.但受海龙类化石保存所限,提供性状较少,支序分析对此结果的支持较弱.目前只能说海龙类是一个化石发现尚少的广布类群.关岭动物群目前包括海龙类、鱼龙类及楯齿龙类.其中中国豆齿龙(Sinocyamodus)(李淳,2000)是中国第一个楯齿龙类,安顺龙(Anshunsaurus)(刘俊,1999)是海龙类在中国的首次发现.     

新铺龙(爬行纲:海龙目)的分类(英文)

比较了已经描述的新铺龙(Xinpusaurus)的三个种,确定以往确立的种间鉴别特征是无效的。吻部比例以及齿骨形态都不能用来区分它们,戈氏种(X.kohi)的头后骨骼鉴别特征基础不牢,大多因标本保存欠佳不能明确其有效性。因此,建议废除巴毛林种(X.bamaolinensis)以及戈氏种,新铺龙属仅保留属型种——孙氏新铺龙(X.suni)——为有效种。文中还进一步阐明了本属种脑颅的形态。     

贵州三叠纪海龙类化石一新材料(英文)

记述了贵州关岭晚三叠世早期法郎组瓦窑段新的海龙标本：一个基本完整的侧向挤压头骨及下颌（中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所标本编号Ｖ １１８６０）。根据图版,它与尹恭正等（２０００）建立并归入鱼龙目Ｃｙｍｂｏｓｐｏｎｄｙｌｉｄａｅ科的孙氏“新铺鱼龙”（Ｘｉｎｐｕｓａｕｒｕｓ　ｓｕｎｉ）极为相似。但是由于从文章中得不到头部关键性状的描述,并且本文第一作者到贵阳也不被允许观察标本,目前只有依据与正模图版的对比将Ｖ１１８６０标本暂定为孙氏新铺龙相似种（Ｘｉｎｐｕｓａｕｒｕｓ ｃｆ． Ｘ ｓｕｎｉ）。由于系统分类位置的改变,建议将该属的中文名称由“新铺鱼龙”改为新铺龙。 迄今为止,在所有海龙类头骨中此标本提供了最多可以观察到的性状,包括脑颅侧面的特征。这是一类小型的海龙,吻部中等长度,微微向腹面倾斜;上颌骨前端背向弯曲,此处牙齿扩大且向前平伏;头骨前部的牙齿（前颌骨、上颌骨前部、齿骨）圆锥形,较突出,而靠后部的牙齿可能较圆钝（保存不完整）;前颌骨与上颌骨牙齿间无明显间隙;犁骨和翼骨具齿;下颌细长,齿骨联合部窄。长的齿骨大约占下颌长度的２／３。 基于１８个性状进行了初步的支序分析,结果表明新铺龙与北美的Ｎｅｃｔｏｓａｕｒｕｓ?     

吉林省中部早白垩世泉头组-原始鸟脚类恐龙

报道了在松辽盆地白垩纪沉积中首次发现的原始鸟脚类恐龙化石,并根据其头部特征建立一新属新种——娇小长春龙(Changchunsaurus parvus gen.etsp.nov.)。化石产于吉林省公主岭市刘房子镇山前泉头组上部紫红色含砾泥质砂岩中,同一层位还产有兽脚类、鳄类、恐龙蛋、哺乳类等化石。娇小长春龙是一种混合了原始的和衍生性状的小型鸟脚类恐龙。它具有某些比多数鸟脚类和头饰龙类要原始的特征,例如,5颗前上颌齿、前上颌骨吻部只有很短一段齿缺、前上颌骨与上颌齿之间的间隙较小、颊齿两侧的釉质对称、前上颌骨腹侧边缘与上颌骨腹侧边缘基本处于同一水平线等。同时,娇小长春龙也具有一些与真鸟脚类类似的进步特征,比如眶前孔小、外下颌孔缺失。娇小长春龙具有颧骨突,这在鸟脚类恐龙中较为罕见,它的颧骨突表面具有鲕状构造,这一特征未见于其他已知鸟脚类。娇小长春龙的前齿骨形态与角龙类接近,腹支明显长于侧支,前齿骨与齿骨的愈合方式同角龙类相似。娇小长春龙的确切系统分类位置需要进一步的工作来确定。     

贵州中三叠世安顺龙(爬行纲:海龙目)一新种

中国的海龙类以前仅发现于法郎组瓦窑段,包括安顺龙和新铺龙两属。最近在法郎组竹杆坡段也发现了海龙化石(完整的骨架,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所标本编号V 13782),被归入安顺龙属。标本产自贵州兴义乌沙,时代是中三叠世拉丁期。此标本小于黄果树安顺龙两个已知标本,但是根据以下特征判断应该是个成年个体：头骨相对较小,许多骨缝愈合,髓椎线(neurocentral suture)封闭,肱骨上各种结构已经显著分化,掌骨和跗骨骨化程度高。根据以下特征建立一新种,乌沙安顺龙(Anshunsaurus wushaensis sp．nov．)：头骨相对较小(相对肩臼至髋臼长度);轭骨后突短,向后延伸不超过下颞孔之半;后背区的神经棘高度小于宽度,其背缘有垂向沟、脊;间锁骨十字形,前突基部宽;肱骨外髁沟明显,内髁很发育,在内腹侧有脊但无孔;第五掌骨比第四掌骨稍长;第四指失去一个指节;髂骨板向后背向展开;7个跗骨骨化。     

四川自贡中侏罗世峨眉龙—新种

记述了产自四川自贡大山铺中侏罗世峨眉龙属一新种——焦氏峨眉龙(Omeisaurus jiaoisp.nov.)。新种为大型蜥脚类恐龙,以如下特征区别于其他蜥脚类:前、中部背椎为典型的后凹型,后部背椎为双平型,背椎神经棘呈高大棒状,不分叉;尾椎为弱双凹型,第一尾椎不具扇形尾肋;第一脉弧短小且与第一尾椎关联;锁骨长大;肱骨和股骨细长而圆实;肱骨与股骨长度之比为0.83,尺骨与肱骨长度之比为0.72,胫骨与股骨长度之比为0.63。     

巴山酋龙的颌骨

巴山酋龙 (Datousaurus bashanensis Dong and Tang ,1984)是四川盆地大山铺中侏罗世蜥脚类恐龙 ,亦称大头龙。其主要特征之一为硕壮的头骨。文中对保存于重庆自然博物馆的酋龙上下颌骨新材料进行较详细的记述。保存的前上颌骨长、高 (前端 )、厚分别为 120mm ,125mm和 40mm ;上颌骨长为 280mm ;下颌齿骨高为145mm。估计每侧上、下颌齿数分别为 14和 12枚。牙齿粗大 ,勺状 ,排列紧密。推测头骨长可达 6 7cm ,是已知蜥脚类恐龙中最硕大的。与大山铺同一地点其它蜥脚类相比 ,巴山酋龙的颌骨也不尽相同 ,这为进一步探讨其食性及古环境提供新的线索。     

中国第一个完整的锯齿龙头骨

中国已经命名了7种锯齿龙,但是没有一个有完整的头骨。本文描述一个产自鄂尔多斯盆地孙家沟组的新材料,包括一个近于完整头骨及关连的下颌。根据下列特征将其归入埃尔金龙科(Elginiidae):头骨的膜质骨突起形成长而尖的角,面颊上装饰有显著的锥型角,上颞骨角从头骨一角向侧后方伸出,副基蝶骨细长且腹面中间有凹沟,案骨加大并在中间相互接触,使后顶骨不参与形成头骨边缘。该标本与矮小三川龙(Sanchuansaurus pygmaeus)有下列共同特征:鼻孔后的上颌骨前背支有小的突起,上颌齿齿冠扇形,9—11个齿尖;但是有以下特征区别于后者:眶下神经两个外开口距离更近且更接近上颌骨腹缘,齿冠不重叠,只有14个牙槽。与柳林黄河龙(Huanghesaurus)共有以下特征:下颌腹缘直、光滑,隅骨突位于后缘,下颌齿有中脊,17个齿尖;不过其下颌前部厚度比后部大。新标本表明三川龙和黄河龙关系接近,两者都应可能属于埃尔金龙科。根据新标本建立一个新种并暂时归入石千峰龙属,即完整石千峰龙(Shitienfenia completus);但是目前不能排除这个标本属于二叠石千峰龙的可能性。     

贵州上三叠统一新的海龙(爬行纲:双孔亚纲)

根据头骨和下颌建立了海龙一新属新种——短吻贫齿龙(Miodentosaurus brevis gen.et sp.nov.)。其正型标本是采自贵州三叠纪法郎组的一具骨架(台中自然科学博物馆标本编号NMNS-004727/F003960)。虽然头后骨胳还没有修理,但是几近完好的头骨和下颌显示出许多与众不同的特征,足以确定该标本代表了一新的海龙属种。短吻贫齿龙是个体较大的海龙,其全长超过4 m,头骨背部最长约为33 cm。吻直且极短是其最显著的特征之一。其他主要特征有:前颌骨沿前背中央有一隆嵴;上颌仅前颌骨有6枚圆锥形齿,无上颌骨齿;上颌骨沿前腹侧缘有一沟槽;下颌齿骨齿都集中在前端且至多不超过6枚。依据上述这些特征很易把短吻贫齿龙与其他已知海龙相区别。短吻贫齿龙头骨顶面松果孔大且很前位,头骨腭面的锄骨和翼骨均无齿,它的颈较长(至少可以辨认出13个颈椎)。这些特征显示短吻贫齿龙可能与包括中国安顺龙属(Anshunsaurus)在内的Askeptosauroidea超科有相近的系统关系。     

云南罗平中三叠世意外裸鱼的再研究

意外裸鱼(Gymnoichthys inopinatus)于2010年由Tintori等首次记述并归入基干新鳍鱼类。依据在云南省曲靖地区罗平县大凹子村中三叠世关岭组二段发现的新材料,对意外裸鱼进行了补充描述,并重新讨论了其系统发育关系。在意外裸鱼的新标本上,可见其续骨前端很可能与关节骨相关节,并有确切无疑的单一辅上颌骨,表明意外裸鱼应为鲱亚部(Halecomorphi)鱼类。此外,意外裸鱼的体表无鳞、椎体未骨化、髓棘和髓弓的结构和排列方式以及牙齿和尾脉棘的形状都与金尾鱼超科鱼类(caturoids)一致。系统发育分析结果表明意外裸鱼属于金尾鱼超科的基干类群。之前金尾鱼类主要见于欧洲和北美的侏罗系,现在公认的金尾鱼超科鱼类主要包括Liodesmidae中的Liodesmus属和金尾鱼科(Caturidae)中的Caturus和Amblysemius两属。意外裸鱼的发现不仅使金尾鱼类的出现提前了40Ma,而且填补了我国相关材料的空缺。     

Revision of Iquius nipponicus Jordan 1919 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Miocene of Iki Island, Nagasaki, Japan and its phylogenetic position

Iquius nipponicus Jordan 1919 was described on the basis of a single specimen from the Miocene of Iki Island, Nagasaki, Japan, and was tentatively assigned to the family Clupeidae. The holotype consists of the anterior portion of the body (lacking the anal and caudal fins and most of the caudal vertebrae), and is re-examined. The species is re-described based on additional specimens from the type locality. This species possesses an extremely stout third dorsal spine-like fin ray with a smooth posterior edge, an expanded anterior portion of the maxilla covering approximately half of the bone, 13 branched anal fin rays, and 22 abdominal and 16 caudal vertebrae. A phylogenetic study using the character matrix from a previous study suggests that the species forms a clade with xenocyprinins, but it differs from xenocyprinins in the form of the maxilla and the dentary and the numbers of branched anal fin rays and vertebrae. The present study concludes that the genus Iquius does not belong to the family Clupeidae. Iquius is a distinct and valid genus that is closely related to cultrins and xenocyprinins of the family Cyprinidae.     

A NEW RAUISUCHIAN (ARCHOSAURIA, SUCHIA) FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC OF THE ARGANA BASIN, MOROCCO

Abstract:  In the 1970s the Upper Triassic strata of the Argana Basin yielded archosaurian remains that were tentatively attributed to the rauisuchian Ticinosuchus . Restudy of this material together with new remains reveal new anatomical data and show that it in fact belongs to a new taxon, Arganasuchus dutuiti gen. et sp. nov. The systematics of the Rauisuchia are still unresolved; nevertheless, a monophyletic suprageneric group can be defined within the probable non-monophyletic rauisuchians. Arganasuchus dutuiti differs from all adequately known rauisuchians in three autapomorphies: acetabular rim on pubis runs anteroventrally parallel to pubic shift rather than being terminal and perpendicular to it; large contribution of pubis to acetabular depression; palatal process of maxillary low and confluent with interdental crest, rather than separated from it by a large area. The maxilla of Arganasuchus resembles those of Batrachotomus and Fasolasuchus in having a Y-shaped rather than a U-shaped form. As in rauisuchids, Arganasuchus dutuiti has short cervical vertebrae and a dorsal border of the proximal extremity of the pubis that is convex in lateral view. It shares one derived character state with Batrachotomus and Postosuchus (a tear-shaped and anteriorly orientated rugosity on the lateral side of the pubis, lying on a deep, longitudinal depression) and one more derived character state with Batrachotomus (narrow ante-acetabular part of the pubis; hence, the anterior border of the proximal extremity of the pubis is almost contiguous with the actabular rim).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cocotropus keramaensis</Emphasis>, a new species of the family Aploactinidae (Teleostei) from the Kerama Islands,southern Japan

A new species of aploactinid, Cocotropus keramaensis, is described based on a single specimen collected off the Kerama Islands, southern Japan. This new species is separable from other known congeners in the following combination of characters: XII, 10 dorsal fin rays; II, 7 anal fin rays; 13 pectoral fin rays; 26 vertebrae; 4+8=12 gill rakers; five distinct preopercular spines; upper jaw longer than the lachrymal; single papilla on the posterior portion of the maxilla; outer edge of the lower jaw with four distinct papillae; first sensory pore of the lower jaw on both sides fused; anterior tip of the isthmus reaching to the fifth sensory pore of the lower jaw; and anterior four dorsal spines anterior to the third neural spine.     

A new species of the fish genusIdiastion (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) from the Kyushu-Palau Ridge,western Pacific

Idiastion pacificum is described as a new, and second, species of the genusIdiastion. This species is the first of the genus from the Indo-Pacific region. It is characterized by having 25 rather than 24 vertebrae, branched pectoral rays, humpbacked body outline, no occipital pit, a small slit behind the fourth gill arch, a swimbladder, teeth on the palatines and well developed spines on head. It is distinguished fromI. kyphos Eschmeyer recorded from Atlantic by having ctenoid scales on nape and maxilla, and cycloid scales on isthmus, breast, anterior part of belly and membranes of anal, lower part of pectoral and pelvic fins.     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

早白垩世热河生物群一新的有尾两栖类

描述了内蒙古宁城下白垩统义县组下部一新的有尾两栖类：奇异热河螈（新属、新种）Ｊｅｈｏｌｏｔｒｉｔｏｎ ｐａｒａｄｏｘｕｓ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．。标本保存了完好的相关节的骨架印痕,头骨中的翼 骨具有一个不与上颌骨相连,而与头骨中部相连的前内侧突,这使它区别于其他早期有尾类。     

Pethia sanjaymoluri,a new species of barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the northern Western Ghats,India

Pethia sanjaymoluri, a new cyprinid, is described from the Pavana and Nira tributaries of Bhima River, Krishna drainage, Maharashtra, India. It can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of characteristics that includes an incomplete lateral line, absence of barbels, upper lip thick and fleshy, 23–25 lateral series scales, 7–12 lateral‐line pored scales, 10 predorsal scales, 11–14 prepelvic scales, 17–20 pre‐anal scales, 4½ scales between dorsal‐fin origin and lateral line, four scales between lateral line and pelvic‐fin origin, 8–15 pairs of serrae on distal half of dorsal‐fin spine, 12–14 branched pectoral‐fin rays, 4 + 26 total vertebrae, 4 + 5 predorsal vertebrae, 4 + 13 abdominal vertebrae, 13 caudal vertebrae and a unique colour pattern comprising a humeral spot positioned below the lateral line and encompassing the third and fourth lateral‐line scales and one scale below, one caudal spot on 17th–21st lateral‐line scales with a yellow hue on its anterior side and apical half of dorsal fin studded with melanophores making the fin tip appear black. Genetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence suggests that the species is distinct from other known species of Pethia for which data are available.     

Pseudobagrus brachyrhabdion, a new catfish (Teleostei: Bagridae) from the middle Yangtze River drainage, South China

Pseudobagrus brachyrhabdion sp. nov., from the Yuan Jiang and Xiang Jiang of the middle Yangtze River drainage in Hunan and Guizhou Provinces, South China, is described herein. It is distinguished from all other Pseudobagrus species with a truncate or slightly emarginated caudal fin by an unique combination of the following characters: supraoccipital plate and nuchal plate broadly interspaced and covered with skin; nasal barbels only at most reaching anterior margin of eye; maxillary barbels reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of eye; outer mandibular barbels extending to posterior margin of eye; dorsal fin with a somewhat convex distal margin, origin nearer to pectoral-fin insertion than to pelvic-fin insertion; dorsal-fin spine shorter than pectoral spine, with a somewhat serrated posterior margin; pectoral-fin spine with a smooth anterior margin; anal fin with 20–23 rays, base length 23.8–32.0% of standard length, posterior end of anal-fin base anterior to posterior end of adipose fin base; no longitudinal black band extending along flank; eyes large, diameter 16.3–23.7% of head length; and number of vertebrae 5 + 43–46.     

A New Sail-Backed Styracosternan (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Morella,Spain

A new styracosternan ornithopod genus and species is here described based on a partial postcranial skeleton and an associated dentary tooth of a single specimen from the Arcillas de Morella Formation (Early Cretaceous, late Barremian) at the Morella locality, (Castellón, Spain). Morelladon beltrani gen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by eight autapomorphic features. The set of autapomorphies includes: very elongated and vertical neural spines of the dorsal vertebrae, midline keel on ventral surface of the second to fourth sacral vertebrae restricted to the anterior half of the centrum, a posterodorsally inclined medial ridge on the postacetabular process of the ilium that meets its dorsal margin and distal end of the straight ischial shaft laterally expanded, among others. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the new Iberian form is more closely related to its synchronic and sympatric contemporary European taxa Iguanodon bernissartensis and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, known from Western Europe, than to other Early Cretaceous Iberian styracosternans (Delapparentia turolensis and Proa valdearinnoensis). The recognition of Morelladon beltrani gen. et sp. nov. indicates that the Iberian Peninsula was home to a highly diverse medium to large bodied styracosternan assemblage during the Early Cretaceous.