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1.
长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)为长江上游特有种,由于过度捕捞和大坝建设,其种群生存受到极大威胁。为了解三峡工程蓄水后、金沙江一期工程蓄水前该物种的种群动态,作者利用2007–2009年长江上游江津和宜宾江段调查获取的体长频率数据,评估了其生长和死亡参数、种群数量及资源利用情况。结果表明,长江上游长鳍吻鮈渔获群体体长范围为52–250 mm,体重范围为2.7–307.2 g,平均体长为150.8±40.7 mm,平均体重为72.3±49.7g。江津江段长鳍吻鮈平均体长(168.6±29.5 mm)显著大于宜宾江段(125.6±41.2 mm)。长鳍吻鮈体长–体重关系为:W=6.06×10~(–6)L~(3.20)(R~2=0.98,P0.01,n=436)。由体长频率法拟合出渐近体长(L_∞)为338 mm,生长系数(k)为0.24/yr。由Pauly公式、Gunderson和Dygert公式、Jensen公式等3种方法估算出其平均自然死亡系数为0.43。由长度转渔获物曲线估算出江津和宜宾江段长鳍吻鮈的总死亡系数分别为2.26和2.09。江津和宜宾江段长鳍吻鮈资源开发率分别为0.81和0.79,已超过由Beverton-Holt动态综合模型估算出的最大开发率0.57和0.62。由体长实际种群分析估算出2007、2008和2009年江津江段长鳍吻鮈种群数量分别为68,247、67,432和176,266尾,平均为103,982尾;宜宾江段种群数量分别为22,953尾、46,340尾和34,021尾,平均为34,438尾,表明江津江段种群数量高于宜宾江段。长鳍吻鮈资源已被过度开发,建议加强种群动态监测,延长禁渔期及开展栖息地修复等措施保护这一特有物种。  相似文献   

2.
于2008—2010年在长江上游四川合江和重庆木洞江段共采集圆筒吻鮈样本511尾,研究了其年龄与生长特征,并提出了合理的鱼类资源保护对策。结果表明,所采集的圆筒吻鮈分6个年龄组,2—4龄居多,占95.7%;体长与鳞径为直线正相关,雌雄群体间无显著差异,表达式为L=51.28 R+37.45(r=0.85,n=397);各龄组、雌雄群体的实测体长均值和退算体长均值无明显差异(t=0.751,P>0.05);体长与体重呈幂函数关系,雌雄群体间无显著差异,表达式为W=8×10 6L3.099(r=0.97,n=397),其生长属等速增长类型;生长规律可以用von Bertalanffy方程表示,分别为:Lt=348.78[1 e 0.18(t+1.15)],Wt=603.17[1 e 0.18(t+1.15)]3.099;生长拐点处的年龄为5.12,此时的体长和体重分别为236.23 mm和180.33 g;圆筒吻鮈个体出现小型化现象;根据研究,长江上游圆筒吻鮈处于不合理的开发状态,应限制捕捞、加强保护。  相似文献   

3.
长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongata)为长江上游特有种,由于过度捕捞和大坝建设,其种群生存受到极大威胁,已被《中国物种红色名录》列为易危物种。为了解三峡工程蓄水后该物种的种群动态,利用2007~2009年三峡库区以上江津江段的渔获量和体长频率数据评估了其生长和死亡参数、资源量及资源利用。长江上游江津江段长薄鳅体长范围为76~480 mm,体重范围为5~2 002 g,平均体长为(158.7±54.8)mm,平均体重为(72.4±148.8)g。优势体长组为90~210 mm,约占总数的77.9%(n=277)。长薄鳅体长(L,单位mm)与体重(W,单位g)幂函数关系为:W=7.28×10﹣6L3.09(R~2=0.95,P0.01,n=277)。由体长频率法拟合出长薄鳅渐近体长(L_∞)为555 mm,生长系数(k)为0.17/a。由Pauly经验公式估算出其自然死亡系数(M)为0.37。由长度转渔获物曲线估算出其总死亡系数(Z)为1.23。江津江段长薄鳅资源开发率为0.70,超过了其资源最大开发率0.43,表明其资源已过度开发。由体长结构实际种群分析估算出江津江段2007、2008和2009年长薄鳅年资源量分别为2 544尾/km(0.75 t/km)、2 405尾/km(0.42 t/km)和7 245尾/km(1.63 t/km),平均4 065尾/km(0.93 t/km)。与以往研究相比,本研究记录到了长薄鳅的最大个体(体长480 mm);本研究估算的长薄鳅总死亡系数和资源开发率较高,可能与江津江段的捕捞强度较高有关。建议加强长薄鳅种群动态长期监测,采取禁渔、人工增殖放流等措施促进资源恢复。  相似文献   

4.
长江上游长鳍吻鮈的种群特征及其物种保护   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据2005—2007年对长江上游攀枝花、宜宾、合江、木洞、万州江段渔业资源调查资料,运用体长频率分析法(FiSATⅡ软件)对长鳍吻鮈的生长、死亡参数进行估算。结果表明:长鳍吻鮈的体质量与体长的关系式为W=8×10-6L3.1577;用Shepherd技术拟合vonBertalanffy生长方程的各参数为L∞=530.5mm,K=0.21a-1,t0=-0.5a;根据Pauly经验公式得出自然死亡系数M=0.24,以长度变换渔获曲线法估算总死亡系数Z=2.67,捕捞死亡系数F=2.43;种群补充模式表明,长鳍吻鮈每年5—9月为主要补充期,开发率E=91.2%,长鳍吻鮈处于资源过度利用状态。  相似文献   

5.
2010年7月-2012年7月逐月在长江上游宜宾至万州江段采集圆筒吻鮈(Rhinogobio cylindricus Günther)样本547尾,以耳石为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构与生长特性进行了研究,并对肠道内含物进行了分析.结果表明:耳石优于其他年龄材料,鉴定成功率为93.7%;圆筒吻鮈样本由7个年龄组组成,其中以2~4龄为主(79.89%),体长(L)与体重(W)的关系式为W=8×10-6L2.977(r2=0.955,P<O.01),体长(L)与耳石半径(R)关系式为L=8×10-4 R2.149(r2=0.945,P<0.01);Von Bertalanffy生长方程表达式为Lt=389.37(1-e-0.177(t+0.739)),Wt =515.26(1-e-0.177(t+0.739))2.977;体重生长拐点年龄为ti =5.44龄;圆筒吻鮈全年摄食,主要食物为藻类、软体动物、水生昆虫等,从数量百分比看,藻类和软体动物居多(93.12%),从重量百分比看,藻类、软体动物、水生昆虫占主要(78.38%),为杂食性鱼类.与历史研究对比显示,圆筒吻鮈个体已出现小型化现象,但体重变化不大.对出现的过度捕捞状态,提出了合理的渔业资源保护建议.  相似文献   

6.
长江上游长鳍吻鮈年龄与生长的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据2005~2007年对长江上游攀枝花、宜宾、合江、木洞、万州江段渔业资源调查资料,研究了长鳍吻鮈的年龄与生长特征.结果表明,体重与体长关系雌雄群体间无显著差异,其表达式为 W=6.25×10-6L3.2115(R2=0.932,P<0.01);体长与鳞径关系雌雄群体间无显著差异,其表达式为 L=12.00+0.52R(R2=0.906,P<0.01);用Von Bertalanffy方程拟合各生长参数分别为:L∞=299.42 mm,k=0.24a-1,t0=-0.42a;生长拐点为4.45a;当前长鳍吻鮈资源处于过度利用状态.  相似文献   

7.
2012年7月和2013年6月从大渡河支流脚木足河采集黄石爬(鱼兆)(Euchiloglanis kishinouyei)383尾,以脊椎骨作为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究.黄石爬(鱼兆)体长92~190 mm,其中110 ~ 140mm个体占渔获物总量的74.41%;体重14.70 ~ 119.80 g,其中20~60 g个体占渔获物总量的84.86%;由3~ 13龄11个年龄组组成,5~8龄鱼占渔获物总量的84.07%;种群雌雄性比为1∶1.06.体长(L)与脊椎骨半径(Ro)回归方程为L=67.038+ 50.783Ro(n=325,R2=0.758,P< 0.01).雌雄个体体长和体重生长无显著差异,据体长(L,单位mm)与体重(W,单位g)关系式W=3×10-5L2.9279(n=383,R2=0.807 1,P<0.01),黄石爬(鱼兆)为等速生长类型.据体长、体重生长方程Lt=208.42[1-e-0.089(t+1.20)]、Wt=184.82[1-e-0.089(t+1.20)]2.9279,体长和体重生长速度方程分别为dL/dt=18.549 4 e0089(t+ 1.20)和dW/dt=48.161 0 e-0.089(t+1.20)[1-e-0.089(t+ 1.20)] 1.9279,体长和体重生长加速度方程分别为d2L/dt2=-1.650 9 e-0.089(t+1.20)和d2W/dt2=4.286 3 e-0.089(t+1.20)[1-e-0.089(t+1.20)]0.9279[2.927 9 e-0.089(t+1.20)-1],黄石爬(鱼兆)属于生长缓慢,生命周期较长的鱼类.生长拐点年龄为10.87,落后于性成熟年龄(♀6龄,♂5龄),属于性成熟后生长仍然较快的类型.产卵群体主要以补充群体(5、6龄)和低龄剩余群体(7、8龄)为主,资源已经受到严重破坏,需加大保护力度.  相似文献   

8.
根据551尾标本研究了生活在长江干流中圆筒吻(鱼句)的年龄与生长,并提出了资源合理利用建议.圆筒吻(鱼句)的鳞片可作为年龄鉴定的依据,年轮形成期主要在2~5月.圆筒吻(鱼句)的体长与鳞长呈直线关系,与体重呈幂指数关系,生长适合Von Bertalanffy生长方程.在1~2龄生长最快,为保护圆筒吻(鱼句)资源,应限捕体长200 mm以下的个体.  相似文献   

9.
2012年7月和2013年6月从大渡河支流脚木足河采集黄石爬(Euchiloglanis kishinouyei)383尾,以脊椎骨作为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其年龄结构和生长特性进行了研究。黄石爬体长92~190 mm,其中110~140 mm个体占渔获物总量的74.41%;体重14.70~119.80 g,其中20~60 g个体占渔获物总量的84.86%;由3~13龄11个年龄组组成,5~8龄鱼占渔获物总量的84.07%;种群雌雄性比为1︰1.06。体长(L)与脊椎骨半径(RO)回归方程为L=67.038+50.783RO(n=325,R2=0.758,P0.01)。雌雄个体体长和体重生长无显著差异,据体长(L,单位mm)与体重(W,单位g)关系式W=3×10﹣5L2.927 9(n=383,R2=0.807 1,P0.01),黄石爬为等速生长类型。据体长、体重生长方程Lt=208.42[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]、Wt=184.82[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]2.927 9,体长和体重生长速度方程分别为d L/dt=18.549 4 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)和d W/dt=48.161 0 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]1.927 9,体长和体重生长加速度方程分别为d2L/dt2=﹣1.650 9 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)和d2W/dt2=4.286 3 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)[1﹣e﹣0.089(t+1.20)]0.927 9[2.927 9 e﹣0.089(t+1.20)﹣1],黄石爬属于生长缓慢,生命周期较长的鱼类。生长拐点年龄为10.87,落后于性成熟年龄(♀6龄,♂5龄),属于性成熟后生长仍然较快的类型。产卵群体主要以补充群体(5、6龄)和低龄剩余群体(7、8龄)为主,资源已经受到严重破坏,需加大保护力度。  相似文献   

10.
根据 5 5 1尾标本研究了生活在长江干流中圆筒吻的年龄与生长 ,并提出了资源合理利用建议。圆筒吻的鳞片可作为年龄鉴定的依据 ,年轮形成期主要在 2~ 5月。圆筒吻的体长与鳞长呈直线关系 ,与体重呈幂指数关系 ,生长适合VonBertalanffy生长方程。在 1~ 2龄生长最快 ,为保护圆筒吻资源 ,应限捕体长 2 0 0mm以下的个体  相似文献   

11.
Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.  相似文献   

12.
Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.  相似文献   

13.
The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.  相似文献   

14.
The Drosophila Pax6 homolog twin of eyeless (toy) is so far the first zygotically expressed gene involved in eye morphogenesis in Drosophila. The study of its expression during embryogenesis is therefore informative of the initial events of eye development in Drosophila. We have analyzed how the initial expression domain of toy at cellular blastoderm is regulated. We show that the three maternal patterning systems active in the cephalic region (the anterior, terminal and dorsal-ventral systems) cooperate with zygotically activated gap genes to shape the initial expression domain of toy. Whereas Bicoid, Dorsal and Torso signaling synergistically act as activators, Hunchback, Knirps and Decapentaplegic act as repressors.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Twenty three species in 11 genera were examined in the field to determine hosts. OnlyStriga asiatica andSeymeria cassioides have a narrow host range being restricted to grasses and pines, respectively. These are the only species which cause pronounced and sometimes serious host damage. The other species attach to a great diversity of hosts.  相似文献   

17.
Lactobacilli play a distinctive role in the microbial balance of the chicken gut. In experiments simulating the chicken crop, the antagonism of lactobacilli against Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella typhimurium was demonstrated and was attributed to lactic acid production. Moreover, adhesion to the crop epithelium was a common characteristic of intestinal lactobacilli. As opposed to salmonellas, lactobacilli were sensitive to deconjugated bile salts at 2.5mm. This sensitivity could lower their chance of proliferation in the small bowel of the chicken tract.The authors are at the Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, State University of Gent, Coupure L., 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.  相似文献   

18.
Intracellular cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) play both signaling and effector roles in realizing the program of cell death. Caspases function as proteolytic cascades unique for each cell type and signal triggering apoptosis. All parts of the proteolytic cascades are duplicated and controlled by feedback signals. Amplification cycles between pairs of caspases (the third and the sixth, the ninth and the third, the twelfth and the sixth, and others) help multiply the initial apoptotic signal. The presence of physiological inhibitors of apoptosis that directly interact with caspases creates a multilevel regulatory network of apoptosis in cell. The caspase proteolytic cascades are also regulated by sphingolipid secondary messengers, among them ceramide, sphingosine, and their phosphates. Moreover, an association of the caspase signaling with ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is shown in cells. In particular, the use of extracellular activators and inhibitors of caspases allows irreversible activation of apoptosis in tumor cells or the prevention of apoptosis in cortical neurons under neurodegenerative diseases.  相似文献   

19.
李腾  唐启明  韦玉梅  赵建成  李敏 《广西植物》2021,41(8):1372-1390
通过对采自广西24个县(市)的1 147份青藓科植物标本的逐一鉴定及相关文献的查阅,确认有广西青藓科植物11属、44种,其中包括广西青藓科植物新记录属1属,即拟异叶藓属(Pseudokindbergia),新记录种7种,分别为匐枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)、阔叶尖喙藓(Oxyrrhynchium latifolium)、泛生尖喙藓(O. vagans)、拟异叶藓(Pseudokindbergia dumosa)、华东细喙藓(Rhynchostegiella sinensis)、长肋拟青藓(Sciurohypnum populeum)和弯叶拟青藓(S. reflexum)。该文提供了修订后的广西青藓科植物名录,并对其中的新记录属、种的主要形态学识别特征、生境和地理分布等进行了详细描述。  相似文献   

20.
A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.  相似文献   

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