CO1在侧耳属物种快速鉴定中的应用

以侧耳属Pleurotus15个种的15个菌株为材料,根据GenBank上侧耳属细胞色素c氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因（cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene,CO1）序列信息,设计引物CO332F、CO332R,进行第一轮PCR扩增,结果显示所有菌株都能得到单一条带,根据条带大小,15个菌株可分为4组。随后针对每个种设计特异性引物,进行第二轮PCR扩增,结果显示每个菌株只有在自己特异的引物中出现目的条带。通过两轮扩增,根据扩增条带的大小和有无,即可对15个种进行快速鉴定。     

太湖新银鱼mtDNA COⅡ和Cytb基因的克隆与序列分析

设计了5对特异性引物,扩增、拼接并测定出太湖新银鱼线粒体tRNA^Asp-COⅡ—tRNAL^ys和tRNA^Glu-cytb—tRNA^Thr两段基因序列片段。基因定位和序列分析发现,太湖新银鱼线粒体COⅡ基因全序列长度为691bp。序列AT含量为52．80％,编码230个氨基酸;线粒体Cytb基因序列全长为1141bp,AT含量为48．90％,它编码380个氨基酸。分别位于线粒体COⅡ和Cytb基因两翼的4个tRNA基因（tRNA^Asp、tRNA^Lys、tRNA^Gls和tRNA^Thr）同时被测定出来。将太湖新银鱼与有明银鱼、小齿日本银鱼的同源序列进行比对分析,并基于线粒体COⅡ＋Cytb基因合并数据的核苷酸和氨基酸两种序列形式,以黑斑蛙为外群,对10种鱼类进行分子系统树的构建,结果一致表明：小齿日本银鱼与有明银鱼的亲缘关系近于太湖新银鱼;鲱科与鲑科的亲缘关系近于银鱼科鱼类;此外在本研究硬骨鱼类的4个科中,自鲟科作为原始而古老的类群,是在系统进化的过程中首先分化出来的一支。     

双翅目昆虫线粒体基因组结构特点及其测序通用引物的设计和应用

研究双翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的结构特点, 并设计其测序的通用引物, 为今后双翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的研究提供参考和依据。利用比较基因组学和生物信息学方法, 分析了已经完全测序的26个双翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的结构特点、 碱基组成和保守区, 并据此设计了双翅目昆虫基因组测序的通用引物。结果表明： 双翅目昆虫线粒体基因组长14 503~19 517 bp, 其结构保守, 含有37个编码基因, 包括13个蛋白质编码基因, 22个tRNA编码基因和2个rRNA编码基因, 此外还包含一段长度差异很大的非编码区(AT富含区)。基因组内基因排列次序稳定, 除个别基因外, 其余都与黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster基因排列次序一致。基因组的碱基组成不均衡, AT含量在72.59%~85.15%之间, 碱基使用存在偏向性, 偏好使用AC碱基。全基因组的核苷酸和氨基酸序列保守, 共鉴定了11个保守区。在保守区内共设计了26对双翅目线粒体基因组测序通用引物, 扩增的目标片段都在1 200 bp以内。将该套通用引物用于葱蝇Delia antiqua线粒体全基因组测序, 结果证明其高效、 合用。     

基于形态和分子数据的山东梨园新成灾害螨柑橘全爪螨的鉴定

【目的】本研究旨在准确鉴定山东梨园一种新成灾害螨,为其进一步研究和有效防控奠定基础。【方法】采用体视显微镜直接观察雌成螨的形态特征,制作雄成螨的侧面观玻片标本,观察其阳茎形态特征,进行形态鉴定。从单头雌成螨中提取基因组总DNA,以螨类特异性引物扩增线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ, COⅠ)基因及核糖体DNA第一内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer 1, ITS1)和第二内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2)基因并测序,所得序列在NCBI网站上进行Blastn比对,下载与其一致性高的相关基因序列构建系统发育树和计算遗传距离,进行分子鉴定。【结果】结果表明,梨树上害螨的雌成螨背部有粗大突起,可确定为全爪螨属Panonychus害螨。雄螨阳茎特征与柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri的很相似,其COⅠ, ITS1和ITS2基因序列均与柑橘全爪螨的相应序列具有很高的同源性(核苷酸序列一致性在99%以上),基于COⅠ, ITS1和ITS2基因序列计算的其与柑橘...     

入侵害虫梣粉虱的种特异性SS-COⅠ检测技术

【目的】梣粉虱是新近入侵中国大陆的一种危险性果树和园林植物害虫,针对其体型微小,与近缘种粉虱形态相仿,很难快速准确区分的问题,以田间常见的11种/隐种粉虱为参考,采用基于mt DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ,mt DNA COⅠ)基因的物种特异性(species-specific COⅠ,SS-COⅠ)PCR法,研究梣粉虱快速分子检测鉴定技术。【方法】利用mt DNA COⅠ基因通用型引物对LCO-1490/HCO-2198获得梣粉虱和其他常见粉虱的COⅠ基因序列,根据测序结果设计梣粉虱特异性SS-COⅠ引物1对(SPZWCF1/SPZWCR1),之后确定其对目的片段的扩增长度,并对该引物对的物种特异性和检测灵敏性进行检验。【结果】引物对SPZWCF1/SPZWCR1扩增片段的长度为426 bp。物种特异性检验结果显示,该对引物只对梣粉虱的mt DNA COⅠ基因具有扩增效果,对我国常见的其他种类的粉虱包括5种烟粉虱隐种(AsiaⅠ、AsiaⅡ1、AsiaⅡ3、MED、MEAM1隐种)以及桑粉虱、螺旋粉虱、黑刺粉虱、柑橘粉虱、双钩巢粉虱和温室粉虱等不具有交叉反应和扩增能力。灵敏性检验结果显示,该对引物不仅对不同性别、不同采集地的成虫具有良好的扩增效能,对2~4龄若虫以及单粒卵和初孵若虫亦具有同样的扩增效力,其最低检测阈值为75.1 pg·μL-1(相当于1/10240头雌性成虫)。【结论】该技术体系可用于梣粉虱的快速准确鉴定及其检测和监测,对有效阻截其进一步传播扩散具有重要作用。     

线粒体DNA序列在半翅目异翅亚目昆虫分子系统学上的应用

随着PCR技术的发展以及大量DNA序列的累积,昆虫分子系统学近年来快速发展。线粒体DNA(mtDNA)序列相对于核内DNA序列进化速率较快,常被用于昆虫的系统发育研究。本文综述了国内外学者利用各种线粒体DNA序列来研究半翅目异翅亚目昆虫系统发育的研究概况。总结发现,COⅠ、COⅡ、12S rDNA、16S rDNA、Cytb、ND1、ND2和ND5等线粒体区段被用于半翅目异翅亚目系统发育的研究,其中以COI、COⅡ、16S rDNA和Cytb应用最广泛,但目前尚缺乏不同分子标记间的联合分析。进一步的研究最好在选定半翅目异翅亚目昆虫的分类阶元(如科间、亚科间、科内属间、种间或种内)后,集中测定线粒体某几个区段的DNA序列,然后进行单一分析和联合分析,并与传统形态学研究结果进行比较,可望全面分析半翅目异翅亚目昆虫的系统发育关系。     

四川嘉陵江乌木滩水库发现外来物种蓝太阳鱼

正2019年9月24日在四川省大竹县乌木滩水库进行水生生物多样性资源调查时,在乌木滩水库(30°44.269′N, 107°17.029′E)采集到9尾鱼类标本,形态疑似太阳鱼。实验室采用DNA条形码技术,设计线粒体COⅠ(Cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ, COⅠ)基因通用引物(引物信息如表1所示),通过PCR扩增并测序,拼接得到长度为581 bp的序列,在NCBI中进行BLAST比对,结果发现与数据库中蓝太阳鱼COⅠ基因序列相似度高达99%,因此将此物种鉴定为蓝太阳鱼(Lepomis cyanellus),隶属于鲈形目(Perciformes)、棘臀鱼科(Centrarchidae)、太阳鱼属(Lepomis)。蓝太阳鱼原产于美洲,主要分布于北美中部,包括墨西哥东北部和加拿大东南部,我国于1997年从北美引进,目前是我国引进的重要淡水经济鱼类,并在广东省乃至全国得到了推广养殖。标本现存于四川省农业科学院水产研究所标本室。     

三种斑野螟全线粒体基因组及螟蛾总科系统发育分析

[目的]草螟科昆虫大多是重要的农林害虫,深入研究草螟科昆虫的系统进化关系,对这类农林害虫的防治以及了解其生物多样性有重要意义。[方法]本文通过PCR结合引物步移法测定了桃多斑野螟Conogethes punctiferalis、白蜡绢须野螟Palpita nigropunctali和豹纹卷野螟Pycnarmon pantherata的全线粒体基因组序列并对其进行了初步的分析。[结果]桃多斑野螟、白蜡绢须野螟、豹纹卷野螟线粒体基因组全长分别是15 325、15 226、15 545 bp,由13个蛋白质编码基因(PCGs),22个转运RNA基因(tRNA),2个核糖体RNA基因(rRNA)和1个长度可变的控制区构成。13个蛋白编码基因除COⅠ以CGA作为起始密码子外,其余均以ATN作为起始密码子。对于终止密码子的使用,除COⅠ、COⅡ、ND5存在不完全终止密码子TA或T外,其它都为完全终止密码子TAA。豹纹卷野螟是已测螟蛾总科线粒体基因组序列最大的一个物种,其线粒体基因组序列长度差异主要存在于控制区。[结论]3种斑野螟全线粒体基因组中基因的相对位置和排序、碱基组成和密码子使用、tRNA二级结构、以及非编码区序列结构等都符合螟蛾总科昆虫的线粒体基因组特点。基于13个蛋白质编码基因采用最大似然法和贝叶斯法对螟蛾总科8个亚科进行初步的系统进化分析,两种结果均符合以往形态学和分子数据的研究结果。     

基于mtDNA COⅠ和Cytb基因序列对南中国海不同海域波纹唇鱼群体遗传多样性的研究

研究以海南陵水、马来西亚、西沙、南沙4个海域共101尾波纹唇鱼作为研究对象, 通过线粒体DNA的COⅠ和Cytb基因序列分析方法对波纹唇鱼进行了遗传多样性研究。经PCR扩增、克隆与序列测定, 分别获得1560 bp COⅠ基因和1141 bp Cytb基因序列。两者多态性遗传参数统计显示, 101尾个体分别存在23 (COⅠ)和30 (Cytb)个变异位点, 分别检测出20 (COⅠ)和27 (Cytb)个单倍型, 总群体单倍型多样性(Hd)分别为0.629 (COⅠ)和0.755 (Cytb), 平均核苷酸差异数(K)分别为1.195 (COⅠ)和1.424 (Cytb), 核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)分别为0.00077 (COⅠ)和0.00126 (Cytb)。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果分别为26.26% (COⅠ)和4.22% (Cytb)的变异来自群体间, 73.74% (COⅠ)和95.78% (Cytb)的变异来自群体内。同时, 两个基因的单倍型网络图呈星状放射结构, 不同地理来源的单倍型无明显分支, 呈交错分布, 没有体现地理差异性。研究初步认为, 波纹唇鱼的遗传多样性处于较低水平, 遗传分化存在但不显著, 该结果可为今后波纹唇鱼的种质资源保护工作提供必要的科学依据。       

基于线粒体COⅠ基因鉴别云斑尖塘鳢和线纹尖塘鳢的分子标记

云斑尖塘鱼鳢(Qxyleotris marmoratus)原产于泰国、越南等东南亚国家线纹尖塘鳢(Oxyeletris lineolatus)原产于澳大利亚,目前两者已成为中国的养殖品种。由于其同属塘鳢属(Oxyeleotris)形态相似,特别是在幼苗阶段难以识别,在苗种市场上常出现混淆,因此本研究研发了一种分子鉴定技术。通过对mtDNA中COⅠ(cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ)基因特异性位点比对和分析,设计并筛选出一对特异性引物(XW1)。特异性引物XW1可在线纹尖塘鳢中扩增获得170 by的单一产物,而在云斑尖塘鳢中无产物。通过PCR扩增产物的有无,可以区分两个物种。并在随机选择的30个样本中得到验证。本研究提供一种可以快速且不需要测序的方法来鉴别云斑尖塘鳢和线纹尖塘鳢。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.