益坤宁对围绝经期大鼠下丘脑雌激素受体表达的影响

目的检测益坤宁对围绝经期大鼠下丘脑雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER）表达的影响,探讨益坤宁治疗围绝经期综合征的作用机制。方法采用自然衰老的围绝经期大鼠,随机分为围绝经期对照组、西药对照组和中药实验组;另取5月龄青年雌性大鼠做青年对照组。各组大鼠分别连续灌胃给予生理盐水、利维爱、中药益坤宁和生理盐水4周。通过免疫组化观察大鼠下丘脑ER蛋白的表达部位;Western blot定量检测大鼠下丘脑ERα和ERβ蛋白表达。结果ERα、ERβ蛋白主要表达于细胞胞质中。围绝经期对照组与青年组相比,ERa、E邓蛋白表达量明显下降（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;中药实验组与围绝经期对照组比较,ERα、ERB蛋白表达量均明显增多（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;西药对照组与围绝经期对照组相比,ERα、ERβ蛋白表达量增多（P〈0．05）。结论益坤宁通过提高围绝经期大鼠下丘脑组织中ERα、ERβ蛋白表达水平,使ER的合成增加,从而提高雌激素靶组织中ER的含量以增强雌激素的生物活性而发挥治疗作用。     

The effect of curculigoside on mouse model of perimenopausal depression

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of curculigoside on mice with simulated perimenopausal depression.MethodGavage with high, medium, small dose of curculigoside once daily for 30 d consecutive days. Record the related behavior index. The wet weights and viscera indexes of the mouse uterus, thymus, and spleen were measured. Half of the brain was homogenized and tested for 5-HT and DA concentrations. The levels of serum E2, T, FSH, and LH were measured as well. Finally, histological changes in the uterus, thymus, spleen, and hypothalamus were observed under a light microscope.Resultcurculigoside can enhance the activity and latency time of the mice, increase mouse memory, and decrease electric shocks and immobility times in the TST and FST experiments. Mice treated with curculigoside showed significantly enhancement in viscera indexes of the thymus, spleen, and uterus; significantly elevated levels of serum E2 and T; significantly increased brain 5-HT and DA concentrations; significantly decreased levels of serum FSH and LH; and improvements in the histopathological lesions of the uterus, hypothalamus, thymus, and spleen. The high dose of curculigoside produced the best results.ConclusionAll doses of curculigoside are associated with reversing hormone (E2, T, FSH, and LH) disorders in perimenopausal syndrome and adjusting imbalanced 5-HT and DA levels, representing a therapeutic effect in perimenopausal depression.     

Effects of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome rat models induced by DHEA combined HCG

AimsExplore the effects of dodder total flavone on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rat models induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) combined human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).MethodsExcept the blank group, the rest of the rats were injected with DHEA 6 mg/100 g on the back of the neck and 1.5 IU HCG each day, for 21 consecutive days. On the 16th day of modeling, vaginal smear was performed to select the model rats, which were randomly divided into model group, dacin-35 group, large, middle and small dose dodder total flavonoids groups, and given the medicine for three weeks. At the end of the last administration, take samples, so as to calculate the ovaries and uterus indexes, measure serum LH/FSH ratio, P, PRL and INS levels, fixed the uterus and pancreas in 10% formalin solution and stained with HE to observe the morphological changes of the organs. And measure the expression of TNF-α and IGF-l proteins in ovaries by immunohistochemistry.ResultsCompared with the blank group, ovarian and uterine indexes, serum LH/FSH ratio, serum PRL and INS levels, ovary TNF-α and IGF-l protein expression were significantly increased, and significant pathological changes were observed in the uterine and pancreatic tissues in model group (P < 0.01). While the serum P level decreased significantly (P < 0.01), Compared with the model group, the ovarian and uterine indexes, serum LH/FSH ratio, serum P, PRL and INS levels, ovary TNF-α protein expression were significantly decreased in large, middle and small dose dodder total flavonoids groups (P < 0.01); The expression of IGF-1 protein was decreased and uterus pathological changes were improved in different extents (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), pancreas pathological changes were improved significantly (P < 0.01).ConclusionPCOS rat models was successfully replicated. Dodder total flavone can protect PCOS rats induced by DHEA combined HCG by different action pathways.     

Castelli risk indexes 1 and 2 are higher in major depression but other characteristics of the metabolic syndrome are not specific to mood disorders

Aims

This study examined whether Castelli risk indexes 1 (total/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol) and 2 (low density lipoprotein (LDL)/HDL cholesterol) and other shared metabolic disorders might underpin the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome, major depression or bipolar disorder.

Main methods

This cross-sectional study examined 92 major depressed, 49 bipolar depressed and 201 normal controls in whom the Castelli risk indexes 1 and 2 and key characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, i.e. waist/hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), systolic/diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homocysteine were assessed.

Key findings

Castelli risk indexes 1 and 2 were significantly higher in major depressed patients than in bipolar disorder patients and controls. There were no significant differences in waist or hip circumference, total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma glucose, insulin, homocysteine and HbA1c between depression and bipolar patients and controls. Bipolar patients had a significantly higher BMI than major depressed patients and normal controls.

Significance

Major depression is accompanied by increased Castelli risk indexes 1 and 2, which may be risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Other key characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, either metabolic biomarkers or central obesity, are not necessarily specific to major depression or bipolar disorder.     

Calpeptin通过抑制GATA3减轻变应性鼻炎大鼠炎症

摘要 目的：本研究旨在评估钙蛋白酶抑制剂calpeptin减轻变应性鼻炎大鼠炎症的作用并探讨其机制。方法：将20只雄性SD大鼠采用数字表法随机分为4组：正常组（Normal）、变应性鼻炎组（AR）、地塞米松干预AR组（DXMS+AR）、calpeptin干预AR组（Calpeptin+AR）。造模成功后,对大鼠AR症状进行行为学评分,对大鼠鼻黏膜组织切片以HE和PAS染色法观察鼻黏膜病理改变;对大鼠外周血以ELISA法检测总IgE、IL-4、IL-13水平;对大鼠鼻黏膜组织以免疫蛋白印迹法检测GATA3蛋白表达水平。单因素方差分析进行多组间比较,LSD- t检验进行组间两两比较。结果：与Normal组相比,AR组大鼠的鼻部过敏症状、鼻黏膜嗜酸粒细胞计数及外周血总IgE水平均升高,Calpeptin与地塞米松均能减轻气道炎症,减少嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,降低血清中OVA诱导的IgE的生成。探讨机制发现,酶联免疫吸附试验检测Th2细胞因子,与Normal组比较,AR组血清IL-4、IL-13水平均升高（P＜0.05）,而Calpeptin与地塞米松均能降低血清IL-4、IL-13水平（P＜0.05）。免疫蛋白印迹法检测大鼠鼻黏膜GATA3蛋白表达水平显示,与Normal组比较,AR组鼻黏膜 GATA3表达升高（P＜0.05）,而Calpeptin与地塞米松组鼻黏膜 GATA3表达均下降（P＜0.05）。结论：腹腔注射calpeptin能够减轻变应性鼻炎大鼠局部和全身过敏反应,其机制可能下调GATA3表达,影响Th2细胞的分化及细胞因子的分泌有关。     

Sexually dimorphic androgen and estrogen receptor mRNA expression in the brain of túngara frogs

Sex steroid hormones are potent regulators of behavior and they exert their effects through influences on sensory, motor, and motivational systems. To elucidate where androgens and estrogens can act to regulate sex-typical behaviors in the túngara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus), we quantified expression of the androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) genes in the brains of male and females. To do so, we cloned túngara-specific sequences for AR, ERα, and ERβ, determined their distribution in the brain, and then quantified their expression in areas that are important in sexual communication. We found that AR, ERα, and ERβ were expressed in the pallium, limbic forebrain (preoptic area, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, septum, striatum), parts of the thalamus, and the auditory midbrain (torus semicircularis). Males and females had a similar distribution of AR and ER expression, but expression levels differed in some brain regions. In the auditory midbrain, females had higher ERα and ERβ expression than males, whereas males had higher AR expression than females. In the forebrain, females had higher AR expression than males in the ventral hypothalamus and medial pallium (homolog to hippocampus), whereas males had higher ERα expression in the medial pallium. In the preoptic area, striatum, and septum, males and females had similar levels of AR and ER expression. Our results suggest that sex steroid hormones have sexually dimorphic effects on auditory processing, sexual motivation, and possibly memory and, therefore, have important implications for sexual communication in this system.     

北京中医药大学基础医学院

目的:通过对更年期抑郁症模型大鼠行为学以及学习记忆的观察,探讨中药复方更逍遥冲剂的作用机制 方法:SD雌性大鼠40只,随机分为假手术组、更年期抑郁症模型组、中药中剂量组、中药大剂量组和西药对照组,观察开野实验中大鼠活动度、强迫游泳中大鼠的不动时间、以及通道式水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力.结果:模型大鼠经过21d治疗后,开野实验水平积分、垂直积分明显增加,强迫游泳不动时间缩短,水迷宫实验游出时间缩短,错误次数减少.结论:更逍遥冲剂能够明显的改善更年期抑郁症大鼠的行为学评分,并具有改善其学习记忆能力的作用.     

Involvement of kisspeptin in androgen-induced hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and its rescuing effect in PCOS rats

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, with adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR), is a key link between obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, all of which are often present in the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized with hyperandrogenism. However, the link between excess androgen and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unknown. An unexpected role of kisspeptin was reported in the regulation of UPR pathways and its involvement in the androgen-induced ER stress in hypothalamic neuronal cells. To evaluate the relationship of kisspeptin and ER stress, we detected kisspeptin and other factors in blood plasm of PCOS patients, rat models and hypothalamic neuronal cells. We detected higher testosterone and lower kisspeptin levels in the plasma of PCOS than that in non-PCOS women. We established a PCOS rat model by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) chronic exposure, and observed significantly downregulated kisspeptin expression and activated UPR pathways in PCOS rat hypothalamus compared to that in controls. Inhibition or knockdown of kisspeptin completely mimicked the enhancing effect of DHT on UPR pathways in a hypothalamic neuronal cell line, GT1–7. Kp10, the most potent peptide of kisspeptin, effectively reversed or suppressed the activated UPR pathways induced by DHT or thapsigargin, an ER stress activator, in GT1–7 cells, as well as in the hypothalamus in PCOS rats. Similarly, kisspeptin attenuated thapsigargin-induced Ca²⁺ response and the DHT- induced insulin resistance in GT1–7 cells. Collectively, the present study has revealed an unexpected protective role of kisspeptin against ER stress and insulin resistance in the hypothalamus and has provided a new treatment strategy targeting hypothalamic ER stress and insulin resistance with kisspeptin as a potential therapeutic agent.     

Changes in androgen receptor, estrogen receptor alpha, and sexual behavior with aging and testosterone in male rats

Reproductive aging in males is characterized by a diminution in sexual behavior beginning in middle age. We investigated the relationships among testosterone, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) cell numbers in the hypothalamus, and their relationship to sexual performance in male rats. Young (3 months) and middle-aged (12 months) rats were given sexual behavior tests, then castrated and implanted with vehicle or testosterone capsules. Rats were tested again for sexual behavior. Numbers of AR and ERα immunoreactive cells were counted in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and the medial preoptic nucleus, and serum hormones were measured. Middle-aged intact rats had significant impairments of all sexual behavior measures compared to young males. After castration and testosterone implantation, sexual behaviors in middle-aged males were largely comparable to those in the young males. In the hypothalamus, AR cell density was significantly (5-fold) higher, and ERα cell density significantly (6-fold) lower, in testosterone- than vehicle-treated males, with no age differences. Thus, restoration of serum testosterone to comparable levels in young and middle-aged rats resulted in similar preoptic AR and ERα cell density concomitant with a reinstatement of most behaviors. These data suggest that age-related differences in sexual behavior cannot be due to absolute levels of testosterone, and further, the middle-aged brain retains the capacity to respond to exogenous testosterone with changes in hypothalamic AR and ERα expression. Our finding that testosterone replacement in aging males has profound effects on hypothalamic receptors and behavior has potential medical implications for the treatment of age-related hypogonadism in men.     

Expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor-alpha in the developing pituitary gland of male sheep lamb

To explore the expression of androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the developing pituitary of male lamb, we detected AR and ERα expression in the anterior pituitary of lambs aged 2-7 months old by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that both AR immunoreactivity (AR-ir) and ERα immunoreactivity (ERα-ir) were localized in the nuclei of anterior pituitary cell. The percentage of the anterior pituitary cells expressing ERα fluctuated from 8.79±0.02% to 11.80±0.04% during the examined stages, but fell significantly to the lowest level at 6 months. While the proportion of AR-ir showed significant changes, it was in 11.52±1.26% at 2 months, it firstly increased to 19.86±1.03% at 3 months, and then significantly decreased to 8.18±1.17% at 6 months (P<0.05). The expression of both AR-ir and ERα-ir were the lowest level at 6 months old. By staining for PCNA, we observed that the changes in expression of AR and ERα at different lamb ages did not result from cell proliferation of anterior pituitary cells. These results indicate that both AR and ERα are important in regulation of secretary function of anterior pituitary in sheep lamb, although the related mechanism needs to be elucidated further.     

坤泰胶囊联合芬吗通对围绝经期综合征患者性激素、免疫功能和生存质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察坤泰胶囊联合芬吗通对围绝经期综合征患者性激素、免疫功能和生存质量的影响。方法：纳入我院在2017年3月~2020年3月期间收治的围绝经期综合征患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为两组：研究组和对照组,例数各为45例,分别接受坤泰胶囊联合芬吗通治疗、芬吗通治疗,观察两组疗效、性激素、免疫功能、生存质量和不良反应情况。结果：与对照组相比,研究组的临床总有效率明显升高（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗3个疗程后雌二醇（E₂）升高,且研究组高于对照组;卵泡生成激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗3个疗程后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均升高,且研究组高于对照组;CD8+⁺下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者治疗3个疗程后绝经期生存质量量表（MENQOL）各维度评分及总分均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：坤泰胶囊联合芬吗通可有效调节围绝经期综合征患者性激素水平,提高患者免疫功能和生存质量,是一种较为安全有效的治疗方案。     

Hormonal effects of tetrabromobisphenol A using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays

The aim of this study was to investigate the hormonal effects of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in vitro on recombinant yeasts and in vivo on mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). The in vitro bioassays for (anti-)androgenic activities showed that TBBPA had a weak androgenic activity in vitro with recombinant yeast systems carrying human androgen receptor (hAR). In the in vivo bioassays, the gene expression patterns of vitellogenin (Vtg), estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), and androgen receptors (ARα and ARβ) in adult males and juveniles after exposure to TBBPA for 60 days were evaluated. Significant up-regulation of Vtg, ERα, and ERβ mRNAs was observed in the liver after exposure to 500 nM of TBBPA. In the testis, the lowest concentration of TBBPA (50 nM) markedly induced Vtg, ERβ, and ARβ mRNA expression, but the same concentration significantly inhibited ARα mRNA expression. In addition, in juveniles, 100 nM of TBBPA significantly up-regulated the expression of Vtg, ERβ, and ARα mRNAs. However, TBPPA did not cause histological alterations in the liver and testis of adult male mosquitofish. The results from this present study suggest that TBBPA could display low but multiple hormonal activities despite its low toxicity to mosquitofish.     

血清ghrelin、NLRP3对老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：分析血清胃促生长素（ghrelin）、Nod样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3（NLRP3）对老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害的诊断价值。方法：选择2020年1月至2021年10月在我院接受诊治的老年抑郁症患者90例作为抑郁症组,另选取同期精神健康老年志愿者50例作为对照组。根据抑郁症病情严重程度将老年抑郁症患者分为轻度组（n=32）、中度组（n=30）、重度组（n=28）,比较不同分组研究对象血清ghrelin、NLRP3水平变化。另根据老年抑郁症患者是否发生认知功能损害分为认知功能损害组和认知功能未损害组,收集患者一般人口学及临床资料,分析影响老年抑郁症患者认知功能发生损害的危险因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清ghrelin、NLRP3对老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害的诊断价值。结果：重度组血清NLRP3炎症小体水平明显高于中度组,中度组血清NLRP3炎症小体水平明显高于轻度组,轻度组血清NLRP3炎症小体水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;重度组血清ghrelin水平明显低于中度组,中度组血清ghrelin水平明显低于轻度组,轻度组血清ghrelin水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,重大生活事件（意外事故、破产、至亲去世等）、合并糖尿病、血清ghrelin水平、独居、血清NLRP3炎症小体水平以及社会支持是老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害的影响因素（P<0.05）。血清NLRP3炎症小体、ghrelin单独以及联合诊断老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害的曲线下面积AUC（0.95CI）分别为0.723（0.506～0.922）、0.782（0.619～0.917）、0.863（0.721～0.981）。结论：血清NLRP3炎症小体水平在老年抑郁症患者中呈高表达、ghrelin水平呈现低表达,二者均是老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害的影响因素,且联合检测二者水平可辅助诊断老年抑郁症患者认知功能损害。     

Macrophage secretions modulate the steroidogenesis of polycystic ovary in rats: effect of testosterone on macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines

AimsThe macrophage secretions' effect on ovarian steroidogenesis is investigated in a polycystic ovary syndrome rat model (PCO rat). The influence of testosterone environment on the expression of macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines that participate in ovarian steroidogenesis is studied.Main methodsPCO rats were induced by estradiol valerate. Spleen macrophages were cultured with and without testosterone (10^? 6 M) and their secretions were used to stimulate ovaries from PCO and control rats. Ovarian hormones released and ovary mRNA levels of P450 aromatase and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were measured by radioimmunoassay and RT-PCR, respectively. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in macrophage culture medium, along with the TNFα, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and androgen receptors (AR) mRNA levels in macrophage cells were determined.Key findingsMacrophages from PCO rats released more TNFα and NO, expressed higher TNFα and IL-6, lower AR, and no change in IL-10 mRNA levels than control macrophages. TNFα, IL-6 and AR changes were greater after macrophage testosterone treatment. Macrophage secretions from PCO rats stimulated androstenedione and decreased estradiol release and ovarian mRNA P450 aromatase expression in PCO rats compared to macrophage secretions from control rats.These effects were greater when macrophages from PCO rats were treated with testosterone. Ovarian progesterone response was unchanged.SignificanceThe differential steroidogenic ability of macrophage secretions from PCO rats is associated to the in vitro testosterone environment. Testosterone, probably acting on macrophage AR, induces a greater release of TNFα, modifying ovarian response by increasing androstenedione and slightly decreasing estradiol without affecting progesterone.     

Effects of Scrambling trumpet Creeper flavone on transient cerebral ischemia model (TIA) in rats

To investigate the effects of Scrambling Trumpet Creeper flavone on neurological function score, brain tissue lesion and related biochemical indexes in rat TIA model. Methods: TIA model was induced by tail vein injection of t-butanol (t-BHP). The rats in each administration group were given large, medium and low dose of Scrambling Trumpet Creeper flavone 0.1% CMC suspension, nimodipine and Yangxueqingnao particles group 0.1% CMC suspension, model group and blank group fed the same volume 0.1% CMC. Once a day, continuous administration of 7d. On the 3rd and 6th day after administration, t-BHP was injected into the tail vein, and then placed in a sealed 1?L?jar. After 10?min of hypoxia, the neurological function score (NDS) was performed. After the first 2 days of TIA administration, the hem rheology was measured immediately after 1?h of administration, and blood rheology was measured immediately after the administration of blood, blood clotting, hematocrit, hematocrit and whole blood viscosity. After HE is staining to observe the pathological changes of hippocampus and cortex in the left-brain tissue. (LDH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured. The right brain tissue of the cerebral cortex was observed. The expression of lactate (LD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and insulin growth factor (IGF) were detected by immunohistochemistry.

自拟益气活血方治疗小儿脾肾气虚型肾病综合征的疗效观察

目的:探讨自拟益气活血方治疗小儿脾肾气虚型肾病综合征的临床疗效。方法:选择2014年6月到2016年10月我院收治的80例脾肾气虚型肾病综合征患儿,按随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组各40例。对照组给予强的松治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予自拟益气活血方治疗,两组均治疗4个月。评估两组临床疗效,检测治疗前后两组24h尿蛋白、总胆固醇(TC)、血浆白蛋白(Alb)以及肾功能指标包括尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血肌酐清除率(Ccr)。结果:治疗组的总有效率为95.00%,明显高于对照组的67.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组24 h尿蛋白、TC、BUN及Scr水平低于治疗前,Alb、Ccr水平高于治疗前,且治疗组上述各指标水平变化均显著优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:自拟益气活血方治疗小儿脾肾气虚型肾病综合征的临床疗效显著,能够明显改善患儿肾功能,值得在临床上推广应用。     

The effects of KaiXinSan on depression and its association with lipid profiles: A randomized,double-blinded,placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) KaiXinSan (KXS) has been used to treat depressed patients for a long time, but its potential underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood.HypothesisKXS could mitigate symptoms of patients with atypical depression at least partly via regulating lipid equilibrium.MethodsPatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for mild or moderate depression were assigned into placebo (N = 68) or KXS 3.2 g/day (N = 66) groups in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial to investigate the anti-depressive efficacy of KXS and its association with serum lipid profile.ResultsThe HAMD score and SDS score at 8 weeks were significantly improved in KXS-treated patients the N-BACK accuracy rate was also increased after 8 weeks of KXS treatment compared with baseline. These results indicated that KXS not only improved the specific symptoms of depression, but also had a beneficial effect on cognitive function related working memory. More importantly, KXS treatment improved patients’ lipid profile by reducing the ratios of LDL/HDL and ApoB/ApoA1 (p < 0.05), as well as ApoC3 level. Moreover, subgroup analysis found that HAMD score was significantly higher in patients with high lipid profile than in those with normal lipid profile, and lipid improvement after 8 weeks of KXS treatment was more obvious in depressed patients with high lipid profile than with normal lipid profile.ConclusionKXS could mitigate symptoms of patients with minor and modest depression at least partly via regulating lipid equilibrium. Its might shed light that KXS may likely contributes to depressed patients with other cardio-metabolic diseases.