中国鸦雀的系统分类研究

本文对我国的鸦雀,提出一个新的分类系统,列有4个亚属,14种;同时还报道一个新亚种,即黄嘴鸦雀贡山亚种。从鸦雀在国内外的分布情况及棕头鸦雀亚种组的形成,推测鸦雀的起源地可能是在我国西南区的横断山脉。     

棕颈钩嘴鹛分子系统发育及分类关系初探

棕颈钩嘴鹛(Pomatorhinus ruficollis)各亚种间系统发育关系一直存在分歧。该文测定了棕颈钩嘴鹛10个亚种20个样本的完整线粒体Cyt b和ND2基因序列(共2184bp),以棕颈钩嘴鹛(P.ruficollis)和灰头钩嘴鹛(P.schisticeps)为内群;栗背钩嘴鹛(P.montanus)、棕头钩嘴鹛(P.ochraceiceps)、红嘴钩嘴鹛(P.ferruginosus)和剑嘴鹛(Xiphirhynchus superciliaris)为外群,通过最大简约法、最大似然法以及贝叶斯推断法,构建了棕颈钩嘴鹛亚种间的系统发育树。结果显示:棕颈钩嘴鹛是并系群,灰头钩嘴鹛聚合在其内部;棕颈钩嘴鹛可分为3个地理支序,即中国西南部支序、中国东南部支序和中国中部支序;棕颈钩嘴鹛亚种间系统发育关系与形态特征不完全一致,并澄清了一些分类问题。     

安徽牯牛降发现短尾鸦雀北大核心CSCD

2012年,作者在安徽省牯牛降国家级自然保护区综合考察期间,于9月21日在大历山脚下的新联村附近的竹林中（117°30’46．7＂E,30°06’28．1＂N,海拔158m）发现28只短尾鸦雀（Paradoxornis davidianus）结群在竹林中下层活动。该竹林位于农田旁边,附近有一条溪流穿过,周围山坡为亚热带常绿阔叶林。作者对其行为进行了观察并拍摄到清晰照片。该鸟的主要识别特征为：体型小;尾羽较短,棕褐,羽缘棕色;头栗色;背部棕灰;翅羽灰褐,颏及喉黑,胸灰白,腹棕灰;虹膜褐色;喙粗厚、近粉色,脚近粉色;轻声的啾啾呜叫。短尾鸦雀为鸫科鸦雀属的鸟类,该物种的模式产地在福建西北部挂墩,俗名挂墩鸦雀。根据文献记载,短尾鸦雀在国外分布于中南半岛的北部,在国内目前仅见于福建武夷山、江西齐云山、浙江四明山、湖南莽山等局部地区。     

四川鸟类新纪录

我们在整理四川鸟类标本时,发观有三个亚种以往没有分布在四川的记录,现报道如下:1.三趾鸦雀太白亚种Paradoxornis Paradoxus taipaiensis Cheng,Lo,et Choa2♀。Ⅵ3,1985;Ⅴ9,1986。平武县王胡自然保护区,海拔2500—2700米。同指名亚种比较,本亚种的眼先和眉纹黑褐而非棕褐,向后延伸至后颈处连成半圈状带斑;耳羽较暗灰棕,杂以淡色羽缘;胸及腹部较灰而少棕色。2.极北柳莺堪察加亚种Phylloscopus borealis xanthodryas(Swinhoe)1♂,1♀。Ⅴ4,1974;Ⅴ19,1975。屏山县五指山(海拔1400米)和雷波县箐口(海拔1500米)。本亚种的上体较鲜绿,头顶…     

四川棕头鸦雀的一新亚种——甘洛亚种

1973年11月至1979年8月间,我们先后在四川省凉山彝族自治州采得一批棕头鸦雀标本,经研究,认为系一个新亚种,命名为:棕头鸦雀甘洛亚种 Paradoxornis webbianus ganluoensis,新亚种 正模标本 雄性成鸟(采集号:8374),1978年11月17日采自四川省凉山彝族自治州甘洛县大桥公社。副模标本 成乌 12 7 1,幼乌9 6 1。分别于1973年11月19日、1974年3月25日至4月4日、1975年7月26日、1978年8月25日至     

封面说明

白眶鸦雀Paradoxornisconspicillatus(Specta鄄cledParrotbill)雀形目Paseriformes鸦雀科Para鄄doxornithidae全长约12cm。头顶至上背棕褐色,眼圈白色,上体余部橄榄褐色,尾和翅暗褐色。喉、胸、淡粉红色,杂以深色纵斑,下体余部淡棕灰色。栖息于海拔1900~2900m的山地竹林和林缘灌丝中,也出现于稀树草坡和农田附近的矮树丛内.常单独或成对活动。其食物主要为昆虫,也有野生植物的种子和果实。我国特有种,数量较少,分布于青海、甘肃、陕西和湖北等地,留鸟。封面说明@张雁云…     

连云港市发现震旦鸦雀

震旦鸦雀是我国稀有特产鸟类,它在我国有两个亚种,即指名亚种(Paradoxornis h.heudei)和黑龙江亚种(P.h.poliuanoui)。前者分布于长江下游,九江至江阴和浙江杭州,后者分布于黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市扎龙渔场及兴凯湖(郑作新,1976)。     

棕头鸦雀繁殖习性的初步观察

棕头鸦雀(Paradoxornis webbianusa)是庐山自然保护区常见的一种留鸟。关于它的繁殖习性,未见有完整的报道。为此,我们对生活在庐山的棕头鸦雀的繁殖习性进行了观察,现将观察的资料整理如下:     

棕头鸦雀的生态观察

棕头鸦雀的生态观察杨向明,李新平山西鹿泉沟国家级自然保护区交城０３０５１０棕头鸦雀（Ｐａｒｆｏｒｏｒｍｅ。ｅｂｂｎｉｎ。ｆｕｈａＧｕｄａ）是我国特产鸟类（‘１,以往对该鸟的研究多涉及分类（郑作新,１９８４;李桂垣,１９８０）和繁殖（杨岚,１９８４;彭...     

中国西北地区萱草属花粉形态研究

本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对我国西北地区萱草属6种1变种的花粉形态进行了比较研究,不同的种类,其花粉形态或多或少有所不同,说明花粉形态在种间具有分类意义,而且6种、1变种可自然地分为两大类群,第一类群包括小黄花菜、北萱草、黄花菜,第二类群包括北黄花菜、折叶萱草、萱草、重瓣萱草。#br#北黄花菜、小黄花菜的花粉形态差别较大,证明把小黄花菜做为北黄花菜的变种是不妥当的。     

Fine-scale genetic structure and its consequence in breeding aggregations of a passerine bird

The pattern of fine-scale genetic structure in a population may reflect current biological processes of the species, such as natal dispersal, the breeding system and demography. We investigated the spatial distribution of nests and fine-scale genetic structure during two breeding seasons in a population of a weakly territorial, flock-living passerine bird, the vinous-throated parrotbill, Paradoxornis webbianus . Nest distribution was clustered. There were two peaks of egg laying within each breeding season, and spatial clustering of nests was more extreme during the second peak after controlling for breeding density. The patterns of genetic structure during the breeding season varied with parental sex and season. Genetic structure occurred during the second laying peak: males breeding within 200 m of one another at this time were significantly more closely related than males breeding farther apart. However, no apparent genetic structure was detected in males during the first laying peak or among females in either laying peak. These results reveal male-oriented kin affiliation during part of the breeding season in this species. Furthermore, juvenile recruitment into the winter flocks was positively related to this increased relatedness among males via kin affiliation. This study implies that fine-scale genetic structure during the breeding season could be a factor determining individual fitness and may play an important role in our understanding of the evolution of social systems.     

棕头鸦雀的巢生境因子分析和雏鸟的生长发育

2005年4~6月,在四川南充市西华师范大学新校区、西南石油学院和嘉陵江中坝区域内对棕头鸦雀(Paradoxornis webbianus)的繁殖行为进行了观察研究。结果表明,棕头鸦雀4月开始繁殖。影响巢址选择的生境因子主要有7种。雌雄鸟参与筑巢,营巢期5~6 d。窝卵数4~5枚(n=5)。雌雄鸟孵卵,孵卵期13~14 d。孵化率89.47%(n=4)。雌雄参与育雏,育雏期12~13 d。雏鸟离巢率88.24%(n=4)。雏鸟形态生长曲线呈“S”型。     

Extrapair paternity in a flock-living passerine, the vinous-throated parrotbill Paradoxornis webbianus

Understanding the factors that affect the occurrence of extrapair paternity (EPP) is one of the central issues in sexual selection. We investigated genetic parentage and the ecological factors affecting patterns of EPP in the vinous-throated parrotbill, Paradoxornis webbianus , a flock-living species with double broods. Using microsatellite DNA fingerprinting, we determined parentage of 246 offspring in 50 broods over two years (2005 and 2006). Nineteen offspring (8%) from 13 broods (26%) were sired by extrapair males and one offspring (0.4%) was probably the result of intraspecific brood parasitism. The prevalence of EPP varied significantly through the breeding season: 95% of broods with EPP (12/13) occurred in the first of two laying peaks. Parentage assignment revealed that half of extrapair males (6/12) were adjacent neighbours. The distribution of EPP was not significantly related to the ecological factors including breeding density and breeding synchrony. Instead, we suggest that social characteristics such as flocking and weak territoriality may determine the observed pattern of EPP in this study.     

Toward a resolution of a taxonomic enigma: first genetic analyses of Paradoxornis webbianus and Paradoxornis alphonsianus (Aves: Paradoxornithidae) from China and Italy

Paradoxornis webbianus and Paradoxornis alphonsianus naturally occur in South-East Asia. Due to a recent introduction, a mixed population currently occurs in northern Italy. A preliminary phylogeographic analysis using samples from Italy and China found little genetic differentiation between the two taxa and revealed the existence of two molecular lineages, sympatric in some part of China, that do not correspond to the morphological classification. Possible taxonomic changes and preliminary inferences on the relationships between Chinese and the Italian populations and on the likely provenance of the founders introduced in Italy are also discussed.     

Application of molecular methods to identify food resources of short-eared owl (Asio flammeus) in wetland community

The short-eared owl (Asia flammeus), which lives in open wetland habitats, has been threatened and become endangered in South Korea due to the destruction and loss of its habitats. However, the diet of the short-eared owl remains to be studied. The prey of the short-eared owl was monitored using molecular methods as an alternative tool. A total of 121 pellets of the species were collected in the Dalsung wetland. Of these pellets, about 30% (n = 33) were selected for prey identification in 2002 (n = 12), 2003 (n = 6) and 2006 (n = 15). Two hundred and thirty-two bone fragments were successfully analyzed and 9 prey species were detected. In an expanded analysis, excluding 4 pellets used for the preliminary analysis, small mammals constituted the highest percentage (89.1%): 47.6% Eurasian field mouse (Apodemus agrarius); 27.2% European harvest mouse (Micromys minutus); 6.1% Japanese wild house mouse (Mus musculus); 5.4% Asian lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura shantungensis); and 2.7% Norway rat (Battus norvegicus). Not only small mammals, but birds and amphibians were also identified: 4.1% Japanese quail (Cotumix japonica); 3.4% vinous-throated parrotbill (Paradoxornis webbianus); 0.7% eastern turtle dove (Streptopelia orientalis); and 2.7% Kori salamander (Hynobius yangi). This result would be valuable in understanding the feeding ecology of the short-eared owl in its wetland habitats.     

鹟科五种鸟线粒体DNA序列变化与亲缘关系的研究

首次对鹟科（Muscicapidae）画眉亚科三种鸟----画眉（Garrulax canorus）、红嘴相思鸟（Leiothrix lutea）、棕头雅雀(Paradoxornis webbiana);鸫亚科的乌鸫（Turdinae merula）线粒体DNA的12S rRNA基因片段的DNA序列进行了测定,并与北美画眉亚科弯嘴鹛属（Pomatostomus）的灰冠弯嘴鹛（P.temporalis）同源序列进行分析比较并构建分子进化树。实验结果与传统形态学论述存在一定的差异,与同工酶研究结果相同：画眉与红嘴相思鸟的亲缘关系最近,棕头鸦雀较乌鸫与画眉亚科的关系更近,为将其置于画眉亚科提供了分子证据。 Abstract：The classfication on Muscicapinae disturbed us for a long time.The important thing is to find an appropriate character to resolve it.It is the first time that we testified the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragment sequence of four birds (G.canorus,L.lutea,P.webbianus and T.merula-owing to Muscicapinae) and aligned with the same sequence of P.temporalis.Using the mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences date,we built phylogenetic trees.The results indicated that that the relationship between Garrulax canorus and Leiothrix lutea in the four birds was closer which is congruent with morphology.According to the results of isoenzyme and DNA sequencing data,we can draw a conclusion that Paradoxornis webbianus has closer relationship to Timaliinae than that of Turdus merula,and that putting Paradoxonithinae to Timaliinae was reasonable.     

长江流域鱼类物种多样性大尺度格局研究

作者以长江流域鱼类编目数据库为基础数据,研究了长江流域鱼类物种多样性的大尺度格局。长江流域内共记录了鱼类378种(亚种),隶属于14目32科144属。其中淡水鱼338种(亚种),以鲤形目为主,达到269种(亚种),洄游鱼类11种,河口鱼类29种;流域内特有种和受威胁物种分别有162种(亚种)和69种(亚种)。根据鱼类分布特点,按水系将长江流域分为19个区域,除了江源区和金沙江中上游外,物种数和G-F多样性指数上游高于中下游,但各区域内差异不大,然而特有种比例从上游到下游随海拔降低而逐渐降低。利用Jaccard物种相似性系数对19个区域进行聚类分析,将整个流域分成三部分:(1)江源区和金沙江中上游,地理上属于青藏高原东南部波状平原部分和横断山区,(2)上游其他流域,地理上属于川西高原、云贵高原、四川盆地及秦巴山区,(3)中下游流域,地理上属于淮阳山地、江南丘陵和长江中下游平原,基本反映了流域内自然地理环境及我国大陆地势三级台阶变化的特点。     

四川唐家河自然保护区发现灰冠鸦雀

灰冠鸦雀(Paradoxornis przewalskii)为中国特有鸟类,隶属于雀形目画眉亚科鸦雀属。目前已知灰冠鸦雀仅分布于甘肃南部卓尼县到四川西北部松潘地区岷山山脉海拔2440～3050m的高山针叶林及河谷竹灌丛中,其分布模式与该区域另一种中国特有鸟类黑额山噪鹛(Garrulaxsukatschewi)类似,两者为典型的狭域分布物种。灰冠鸦雀被IUCN(世界自然保护联盟)和《中国物种红色名录》列为易危(VU)物种。灰冠鸦雀是别列佐夫斯基和毕安科1891年依据俄罗斯中亚考察队1886年在甘肃省南部采集的标本订名的,到目前已知仅有4个分布点,即甘肃岷县、卓尼、舟曲以及…     

鹟科五种鸟线粒体DNA序列变化与亲缘关系的研究

首次对鹟科（Muscicapidae）画眉亚科三种鸟----画眉（Garrulax canorus）、红嘴相思鸟（Leiothrix lutea）、棕头雅雀(Paradoxornis webbiana);鸫亚科的乌鸫（Turdinae merula）线粒体DNA的12S rRNA基因片段的DNA序列进行了测定,并与北美画眉亚科弯嘴鹛属（Pomatostomus）的灰冠弯嘴鹛（P.temporalis）同源序列进行分析比较并构建分子进化树。实验结果与传统形态学论述存在一定的差异,与同工酶研究结果相同：画眉与红嘴相思鸟的亲缘关系最近,棕头鸦雀较乌鸫与画眉亚科的关系更近,为将其置于画眉亚科提供了分子证据。 Abstract：The classfication on Muscicapinae disturbed us for a long time.The important thing is to find an appropriate character to resolve it.It is the first time that we testified the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragment sequence of four birds (G.canorus,L.lutea,P.webbianus and T.merula-owing to Muscicapinae) and aligned with the same sequence of P.temporalis.Using the mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences date,we built phylogenetic trees.The results indicated that that the relationship between Garrulax canorus and Leiothrix lutea in the four birds was closer which is congruent with morphology.According to the results of isoenzyme and DNA sequencing data,we can draw a conclusion that Paradoxornis webbianus has closer relationship to Timaliinae than that of Turdus merula,and that putting Paradoxonithinae to Timaliinae was reasonable.