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1.
黑头噪鸦的繁殖及生活史特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
黑头噪鸦是特产于中国青藏高原东南部边缘高山针叶林的一种珍稀鸟类。199—2002年在甘肃省卓尼县和四川省九寨沟县的野外研究中发现,黑头噪鸦繁殖时间早,一般3月开始繁殖,4月中旬雏鸟孵化。在孵卵期和育雏期的第一周,雌鸟95%的时间在巢内,每次离巢时间一般不超过15min。黑头噪鸦具有储食行为,其储藏的食物对雌鸟的孵卵以及幼雏的存活可能有重要意义。黑头噪鸦由3-4只个体组成一个繁殖单元,有证据表明帮手在育雏期向幼鸟提供食物。  相似文献   

2.
正密林深处。托尼我盯着不远处的一只小鸟,两眼放光:"艾森导演,你有没有觉得前面那只鸟看起来有点儿像北美星鸦?就是有点儿显胖,叫声也基本一样。啧啧,鸟界也会撞脸啊!哎,艾森导演,我们今天该不会发现了新物种吧?能不能用我的名字命名?好期待啊……"艾森导演长叹一口气:"托尼,如果有一只鸟,大小像星鸦,长得像星鸦,叫声像星鸦,行为也像星鸦,比星鸦胖,比星鸦行动迟缓,那么它就是一只秋天贴了膘、冬天了奓毛的胖星鸦。"  相似文献   

3.
《生物学通报》2005,40(8):27-27
巨角猫头鹰是一种可怕的猛禽。但是对于像山雀这样机敏的鸟类而言,体型较小也更灵活的侏懦捕头鹰才是更大的威胁。研究人员报告说,黑头山雀有一套精密复杂的“叫声报警系统”,能够传递捕食者的体型信息,,这些叫声似乎能够帮助黑头山雀根据危险的程度调整相应的防御措施。  相似文献   

4.
为了探讨黑褐举腹蚁与橡副珠蜡蚧共生优势种黑头酸臭蚁的分布及其竞争关系,本研究采用目光搜寻法调查了橡胶林内黑褐举腹蚁和黑头酸臭蚁的空间分布型及黑褐举腹蚁对黑头酸臭蚁种群数量的影响,并分析了2种蚂蚁在室内人为干扰下的竞争关系。结果表明:2种蚂蚁在橡胶树上均呈聚集分布,并且在有黑褐举腹蚁及其蚁巢区黑头酸臭蚁的种群数量显著低于无黑褐举腹蚁区,可见黑褐举腹蚁对黑头酸臭蚁种群有一定的控制作用;室内1头黑褐举腹蚁与不同密度下黑头酸臭蚁攻击的各处理组合中,无死亡黑褐举腹蚁出现,2种蚂蚁配比在1∶9以下时,黑头酸臭蚁常遭到黑褐举腹蚁的迅猛攻击且死亡率均超过50%;2种蚂蚁配比在1∶9以上时,黑褐举腹蚁攻击行为由主动攻击变为被动防御,此时黑头酸臭蚁死亡率降至26.67%~9.78%;由此可知,1头黑褐举腹蚁最多可与9头黑头酸臭蚁对抗。  相似文献   

5.
华南梅花鹿声音通讯行为的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
2005年3~12月,在江西桃红岭自然保护区对华南梅花鹿的声音通讯行为进行了初步研究,得到4种特点较为分明的梅花鹿叫声类型,即警戒叫声、求偶叫声、呼唤叫声和团体合唱声,并对这4类叫声的生物学意义进行了初步分析.  相似文献   

6.
秦岭川金丝猴一个群的社会结构   总被引:28,自引:5,他引:23  
  相似文献   

7.
两种扁颅蝠回声定位叫声的比较   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
对扁颅蝠 (Tylonycterispachypusa)和褐扁颅蝠 (T robustula)在飞行状态下的回声定位叫声进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,2种扁颅蝠的回声定位叫声的声谱图均呈调频 (FM)型 ,且波形相似 ;但叫声的最低频率、最高频率和主频率差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。扁颅蝠的频率范围较高 ,为 6 2 4~ 91 6kHz ,主频率为 (76 5± 2 1)kHz ;褐扁颅蝠的频率范围较低 ,为 4 2 7~ 72 4kHz ,主频率为 (49 2± 1 8)kHz ;而 2种蝙蝠的声脉冲时程、声脉冲间隔和声脉冲重复率差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。回声定位叫声差异与其体型、所处的生境有关  相似文献   

8.
正在开展西藏第二次陆生野生动物资源调查工作过程中,于2015年6月18日在西藏自治区札达县底雅乡底雅村(31°46′55.5″N,78°52′5.1″E,海拔2 977 m)观察并拍摄到1只雄性噪鹃(Eudynamys scolopaceus)。另一组调查人员曾于2015年5月1日在西藏自治区林芝市米林县羌纳乡岗嘎村遮磨岗(29°18′28.15″N,94°21′44.23″E,3 000 m)听到过噪鹃的叫声。  相似文献   

9.
2014—2016年繁殖季,在四川老君山国家级自然保护区内对红翅噪鹛Trochalopteron formosum的繁殖生态进行了初步研究。结果显示,红翅噪鹛的繁殖期为4月下旬到9月中旬。在2016年,红翅噪鹛的繁殖种群密度为14. 733只/km2(95%置信区间:11. 727~18. 511;变异系数:0. 115),主要在八月竹Chimonobambusa szechuanensis上筑巢。在产卵期,雌鸟每天清晨产1枚卵,平均窝卵数为2. 28枚±0. 09枚(n=24;范围:2~3)。孵卵期14~15 d,孵化率约59. 6%。育雏期14 d,出飞率约50. 0%。天敌捕食是红翅噪鹛繁殖失败的首要原因。红翅噪鹛偏好乔木盖度低、竹子较高和竹子盖度较大的巢址生境。乔木盖度可能是影响红翅噪鹛巢址选择的关键生态因子。  相似文献   

10.
刘天天  邓文洪 《生态学报》2015,35(8):2622-2627
2007年4月至7月,2007年12月至2008年1月,分别在北京市门头沟区小龙门森林公园、百花山自然保护区以及延庆县松山自然保护区,对同域分布的普通(Sitta europaea)和黑头(Sitta villosa)两种同域分布的类种群密度进行了调查。普通在小龙门森林公园、百花山自然保护区和松山自然保护区的种群密度分别是40.92、96.67只/km2和16.67只/km2。而黑头在上述3个调查区域的种群密度分别是2.03、16.67只/km2和23.33只/km2。普通的总体平均密度(51.4只/km2)高于黑头(20.68只/km2)。两种类分布的海拔和林型存在着差异。普通在海拔高度1070—1350 m的分布比较多。在海拔段1070—1250 m区间,普通的数量随海拔高度的增加呈递增的趋势。而黑头在海拔600—800 m分布较多,随着海拔高度的增加,种群数量呈递减趋势。普通主要分布在阔叶林和针阔混交林中,而黑头主要分布在针叶林中。  相似文献   

11.
四川南充地区棕背伯劳繁殖期鸣声的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2008年3~8月,对四川南充地区棕背伯劳繁殖期鸣声进行了初步的研究.研究期间共记录到430次棕背伯劳的鸣声.根据对其行为和鸣声波谱图、语谱图特点的分析,繁殖期棕背伯劳的鸣声可分为:占区、驱逐、求偶、幼鸟乞食、召唤和应答6种叫声,对棕背伯劳繁殖期鸣声的特点进行了分析讨论.  相似文献   

12.
The Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey,Rhinopithecus roxellanae, is an endangered Colobine endemic to China. The behavior and biology of this species are little known, and it has rarely been kept in captivity outside China. Results from 42 hr of observations of a male-female golden monkey pair provide preliminary information on the vocal behavior of this species in captivity. Vocalizations by the animals often occurred within antiphonal sequences, which were primarily initiated by the female. Sequences were brief (2–3 calls), showed little or no temporal overlap, and were emitted primarily when the animals were distal from one another, suggesting that sequences may function as contact calls in nature. Some vocalizations appeared to be cryptic, i.e. unaccompanied by mouth or body movement, and these were observed more often than noncryptic calls in both animals. Vocal communication appears to be complex in this species, and remains poorly understood.  相似文献   

13.
2009年4~9月在四川省若尔盖县铁布自然保护区,对四川梅花鹿Cervusnippon sichuanicus产仔换茸期的声行为进行了较系统的研究。四川梅花鹿产仔换茸期的声行为可以分为报警声、惊叫声、吼叫声、母子召唤声等20种鸣声。通过声谱分析获得了各种鸣声的语谱图及其频谱特征,并通过野外观察初步确定了这些声行为的生物学意义。在遇到危险或潜在危险时,成年雄鹿往往第一个发出报警鸣声,而雌鹿的报警声大约是雄鹿的两倍多。成年个体的主动防御鸣声频次要多于亚成体,而幼体未见有该类鸣声。对梅花鹿不同亚种和不同季节的几种声行为进行了比较。  相似文献   

14.
The development of vocalizations during post-natal growth in the microchiropteran bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus is described. Vocalizations served as precursors of echolocation sounds and as isolation calls used to attract mothers. Although calls judged to be echolocation precursors tended to be of short duration and possessed high rates of frequency modulation when compared with isolation calls, a wide spectrum of intermediate calls existed making classification diffuse. Changes in the frequencies and durations of calls during growth are described. Multiple discriminant analysis showed considerable inter-individual variation in isolation calls, while the calls of any individual were remarkably consistent in their structure at both six days and 15 days of age. The relative importance of acoustic call parameters in contributing towards inter-individual variation changed between six days and 15 days. Vocal signatures of youngsters were probably important in allowing a mother to identify her own offspring in a creche thus preventing misdirected maternal care in this species, though vocal signatures of infants changed during development. Echolocation calls of flying juveniles were compared with calls from their mothers.  相似文献   

15.
四川裸子植物区系研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
李仁伟  张宏达 《广西植物》2001,21(3):215-222
四川裸子植物 9科 2 8属 1 0 1种 (含变种 ) ,区系成分为亚热带类型。东部地区古地理环境温和稳定 ,至今保存着许多珍稀孑遗的类群 ;西部地区古地理环境变化频繁 ,科、属少而种类丰富。东、西部差异明显。松柏类在这一地区十分突出 ,集中了从原始到进化的几乎各个类群的代表。四川裸子植物区系既不是泛北极区系迁移的产物 ,也不是热带区系的后裔 ,而是在二叠纪以来的地质历史发展过程中本地起源和发展起来的。  相似文献   

16.
Vocalizations are a dominant means of communication for numerous species, including nonhuman primates. These acoustic signals are encoded with a rich array of information available to signal receivers that can be used to guide species‐typical behaviors. In this study, we examined the communicative content of common marmoset phee calls, the species‐typical long distance contact call, during antiphonal calling. This call type has a relatively stereotyped acoustic structure, consisting of a series of long tonal pulses. Analyses revealed that calls could be reliably classified based on the individual identity and social group of the caller. Our analyses did not, however, correctly classify phee calls recorded under different social contexts, although differences were evident along individual acoustic parameters. Further tests of antiphonal calling interactions showed that spontaneously produced phee calls differ from antiphonal phee calls in their peak and end frequency, which may be functionally significant. Overall, this study shows that the marmoset phee call has a rich communicative content encoded in its acoustic structure available to conspecifics during antiphonal calling exchanges. Am. J. Primatol. 72:974–980, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

17.
Yang C  Xiao Z  Guo Y  Xiong Y  Zhang X  Yue B 《Zoological science》2012,29(7):423-427
Sichuan sika deer (Cervus nippon sichuanicus) is an endangered and endemic subspecies of sika deer to Sichuan Province, China. According to our observations in the wild, the Sichuan sika deer makes alarm signals in the presence of actual or potential predators. In order to test the variation of the rhythmic alarm calls in some sex/age classes and different risk contexts, we recorded alarm calls of Sichuan sika deer from 2 October to 30 November 2008 and from 4 April to 5 September 2009 in the Tiebu Nature Reserve, Zoige County, Sichuan Province, China, and made acoustic analysis of these alarm calls. The results showed that the fundamental frequencies of alarm signals of Sichuan sika deer tended to decrease with age, and were significantly higher for females than for males. Duration tended to increase with age, and was significantly longer for males than for females. The fundamental frequencies and duration of alarm calls in adults were significantly higher and shorter respectively in high-risk than in moderate-risk contexts.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT.   Millions of birds migrate across the Gulf of Mexico each year. However, most studies of migration in this region involve sampling onshore locations during the day, potentially underrepresenting the diversity and abundance of migrants passing the region. We evaluated a potential solution to this problem by recording the flight calls of passing migrants from an oil platform located southeast of the Alabama coast in the Gulf of Mexico. We detected 2762 calls during 30 nights from 9 September to 2 November 1999, and were able to identify 2329 calls to species. Flight calls by nine species of birds represented 23% of all identified calls. The greatest number of calls during one night (1017 calls) and during a 1-h period (257 calls) were recorded on 10 September. The greatest number of calls was recorded 8 h after sunset, with a secondary peak 2 h after sunset. The peak prior to sunrise may indicate the formation of flocks at dawn, and the peak after sunset may have been caused by the first wave of migrants reaching the platform. However, call counts varied extensively, with 98% of all calls recorded during 13 nights and 40% on a single night, possibly resulting from hourly and nightly differences in bird numbers aloft, atmospheric conditions, and artificial lighting conditions. Although recording on oil platforms can be difficult because of mechanical, wind, and wave noise, our results suggest great potential for describing the species composition of passing vocal migrants and the temporal patterns of flight-calling behavior if quiet recording locations can be found. Moreover, flight call monitoring could be a critically important tool for bird conservation in this region, given recent proposals to develop wind power and the potential bird mortality associated with such developments.  相似文献   

19.
Certain loud calls made by female red junglefowl and Lapland longspurs are given most frequently immediately after egg laying, when a copulation should have the highest probability of fertilizing the next egg to be laid. In these species there is considerable male-male interaction for access to fertilizable females, and males are attracted to or follow females making these calls. Based on our interpretation of these calls, we develop a general hypothesis to predict the pattern of occurrence of fertility advertisement both within and among bird species. We hypothesize that certain loud calls given by female birds before and during the egg-laying period are designed to advertise fertility and thereby incite male-male competition. This hypothesis predicts that calls advertising female fertility should most often occur soon after an egg is laid (i.e. during the period of highest fertility) but may also occur at any time during the female's fertilizable period. Such calls are unlikely to be given by females in strictly monogamous species (especially those with long-term pair bonds) because in these species each female usually mates with only a single male and extra-pair copulations are avoided. Although reports of loud female calls associated with copulation are rare in the literature, the 18 examples we found (including junglefowl and longspurs) were predominantly (15/18) in species adopting mating systems other than strict monogamy, and these calls were most commonly and disproportionately reported in multi-male mating systems. This form of “estrus” in birds may be widespread because few species appear to be strictly monogamous, but it will be difficult to study because the period of high fertility for female birds is so short.  相似文献   

20.
警报叫声是非人灵长类动物社会交往中的一种重要的通讯行为。本从警报叫声系统及其作用、发展和影响因素人手,综述了相关研究。根据叫声包含的信息,警报叫声可以归纳为功能性参照系统和紧迫性参照系统。警报叫声使灵长类动物能够更好地躲避危险,增加存活机率。各物种产生、理解和使用警报叫声的能力有其发展过程。天敌的捕食方式、个体差异和学习,在不同层次上影响着警报叫声。川金丝猴警报叫声的初步研究发现不同性别、年龄个体的警报声所体现的危险程度不同。对更多物种进行更深入的研究将有助于了解非人灵长类警报叫声的全貌。  相似文献   

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