3种甘草属植物的核型研究

用光学显微镜观察了豆科（Leguminosae）甘草属（Glycyrrhiza）3种荒漠植物的染色体,研究结果表明,3种植物的体细胞染色体数目2n=16,核型公式分别为：刺果甘草（G.pallidiflara）k(2n)=2x=16=4M+8m+4sm,光果甘草（G.glabra）k(2n)=2x=16=10M+6m,胀果某草（G.inflata）k(2n)=2x=16=6M+6m+4sm。     

青藏高原一些种子植物的核型研究

本文对产于青藏高原地区的１１个属１２个种植物进行了核型分析。大部份种为首次报道。它们的核型公式和核型不对称性如下：云雾雀儿豆Ｃｈｅｓｎｅｙａ ｎｕｂｉｇｅｎａ（Ｄ．Ｄｏｎ）Ａｌｉ,为２ｎ＝１６＝１０ｍ＋６ｓｍ,属２Ｂ型;变色锦鸡儿Ｃａｒａｇａｎａ ｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．,为２ｎ＝１８＝１４ｍ＋４ｓｍ,２Ｂ型;异叶青兰Ｄｒａｃｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｍ ｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．,     

Karyotypes of Sarcandra Gardn. and Chloranthus Swartz (Chloranthaceae) from China

Two species of Sarcandra and nine of Chloranthus in the Chloranthaceae from China were investigated cytologically. The basic chromosome number of both genera is x=15. In Sarandra the two species studied are diploid, and in Chloranthus seven species are diploid, one tetraploid ( C. fortune;, 2n = 60) and one hexaploid (C. henryi, 2n = 90). Chromosomes are medium-small to small, ranging in length from c . 6.0 μm to 1.O μ m. The katyotype formulas are as follow: S. glabra 2 n= 10m+ 10sm + 8st + 2stc; & hainanensvs 2n = 8m+ 12sm + 8st+2st^sat; C. spicatus 2n=12m+8sm + 6st + 4st^sat; C. erectus 2n= 12m + 4sm+ 12st + 2st^sat; C. serratus 2n=16m + 12sm + 2st^sat; C. sessilifolius 2n= 14m + 8sm + 6st+2st^sat; C. nervvosus 2n = 8m + 4sm + 6st + 2st^sat; C. angustfolius 2n = 20m + 6sm + 2sm^sat+ 2st^sat; C. japonicus 2n = 18m + 8sm + 4st^sat; C. fortunei 2n= 48m+4sm + 4st + 4st^sat. Karyotype asymmetries are of type 3B in C. erectus and C. nervosus and 2B in the other species. Based on these results, combined with the evidence from comparative morphology, anatomy, palynology and embryology, the relationship between Sarcandra and Chloranthus is discussed.     

子午岭产4种百合科植物的核型多样性研究

对子午岭产百合科黄精属大苞黄精（Ｐ．ｍｅｇａｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ）、玉竹（Ｐ．ｏｄｏｒａｔｕｍ）,百合属的细叶百合（Ｌ．ｐｕｍｉｌｕｍ）,葱属的糙葶韭（Ａ．ａｎｉｓｏｐｏｄｉｕｍ）４种植物进行了染色体研究。其染色体数目和核型分别为：玉竹２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２０＝１２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ,核型为２Ｂ型;大苞黄精２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２２＝４ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,核型为３Ｂ型;细叶百合２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２４＝４ｍ＋１０ｓｔ     

Karyotype Analysis of Hippophae L. in China

The present paper reports karyotypes in 4 species and 5 subspecies of Hippophae L. in China. It is found that all of the species and subspecies are diploid, with 2n=24, their complements are made of m and sm chromosomes and of them only H. thibetana has a pair of satellites. All of these karyotypes are symmetrical and primitive. It can be simplied as follows: Hippophae neurocarpa 2n = 2x = 24 = 18m+6sm, H. thibetana 2n = 2x = 24 = 14m (2sat)+ 8sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. gyantsensis 2n=2x=24= 18m+ 6sm, H. salicifolia 2n = 2x = 24 = 10m + 14sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. sinensis 2n=2x= 24 = 18m + 6sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. turkestanica 2n = 2x = 24 = 20m + 4sm; Hi. rhamnoides L. ssp. yunnanensis 2n = 2x = 24 = 14 + 10sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. mongolica 2n = 2x = 24 = 16m + 8sm.     

锦鸡儿属植物一些种类的染色体数目及核型研究

报道了国产10种锦鸡儿的染色体数目,并对其中9种的核型进行了研究。这9个种的核型公式分别为：荒漠锦鸡儿（Caragana roborovskyi）,2n＝16＝10m(2SAT)+6sm;川西锦鸡儿（C. erinacea）,2n=16=10m+6sm;密叶锦鸡儿（C. densa）,2n=16=10m（2SAT）+6sm;刺叶锦鸡儿（C. acanthophylla）,2n=16=12m+4sm;柄荚锦鸡儿（C. stipitata）,2n=16=10m+6sm;甘蒙锦鸡儿（C. opulens）,2n=16=12m(2SAT)+4sm;白皮锦鸡儿（C. leucophloea）,2n=32=22m(4SAT)＋10sm;北疆锦鸡儿（C. camilli-schneideri）,2n=32=20m(4SAT)+12sm;中亚锦鸡儿（C. tragacanthoides）,2n=32=20m(2SAT)+10sm+2st+2B。白毛锦鸡儿（C.licentiana）2个居群的染色体数目均为2n=32,为四倍体。研究结果表明,锦鸡儿属的核型一般比较对称,核型上的特化往往与其形态上的特化相关联,但也有例外。从倍性水平上来看,二倍体类群多是一些羽状叶的种,在分布上倾向于亚洲东部其祖先分布区,而四倍体的种类多是一些假掌状叶的类群,分布于西部干旱生境中,在形态上也表现的较为特化。这也符合锦鸡儿属的演化趋势。     

黄精属的细胞分类学研究——Ⅱ.8个种的核型和进化

作者研究了中国产黄精属8个种的核型,结果如下:热河黄精,2n=22=14m(4SAT)+2sm(SAT)+6st;多花黄精,2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(2sc);玉竹,2n=20=12m+8sm;小玉竹,2n=20=8m(2sc)+8sm+4st;长梗黄精,2n=16(18)=10m+4sm+2st;二苞黄精,2n=18=8m+10sm;黄精,2n=24=4m+8sm(2sc)+12st(2sc);卷叶黄精,2n=20=12m(2sc)+8sm。作者推测该属的染色体基数x=10。染色体数目进化的趋势是:非整倍性变异为主,整倍性变异为次;上升性变异为主,下降性变异为次。按照核型不对称程度,8个种的核型可分为三个等级。核型由对称向不对称进化是与染色体数目的进化趋势大体上相关的。     

黄精属的细胞分类学研究Ⅰ.8个种的核型和进化

作者研究了中国产黄精属8个种的核型,结果如下:热河黄精,2n=22=14m(4SAT)+2sm(SAT)+6st;多花黄精,2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(2sc);玉竹,2n=20=12m+8sm;小玉竹,2n=20=8m(2sc)+8sm+4st;长梗黄精,2n=16(18)=10m+4sm+2st;二苞黄精,2n=18=8m+10sm;黄精,2n=24=4m+8sm(2sc)+12st(2sc);卷叶黄精,2n=20=12m(2sc)+8sm。作者推测该属的染色体基数x=10。染色体数目进化的趋势是:非整倍性变异为主,整倍性变异为次;上升性变异为主,下降性变异为次。按照核型不对称程度,8个种的核型可分为三个等级。核型由对称向不对称进化是与染色体数目的进化趋势大体上相关的。     

中国甘草属植物的核型分析

本文对国产甘草属11种,1变种进行了染色体核型分析,2n=2x=16,并对其种间关系进行了讨论。     

獐牙菜属5种植物的核型研究

首次报道了中国５种獐芽菜属植物的染色体数目和核型。它们染色体中期核和相对长度组分分别是：四数獐牙菜为２ｎ＝１４＝４ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＝２Ｌ＋６Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋２Ｓ;华北獐牙菜２ｎ＝２８＝１２ｍ＋１４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＝６Ｌ＋８Ｍ１＋＋６Ｓ;二叶獐牙菜为２ｎ＝２８＝１４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋１０ｓｔ＝２Ｌ＋１４Ｍ２＋１０１＋ｓＳ;抱茎獐 菜为２ｎ＝６ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＝８Ｍ２＋１２Ｍ;浙江獐牙菜为２ｎ＝２０＝８ｍ＋     

蜘蛛抱蛋属的细胞分类学研究Ⅱ

文章报道了13种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体核型,并对属内核型进化规律作了总结。作者认为随体染色体和第1对染色体可以作为本属核型的特征染色体。染色体数目变异与花部式样密切相关。本属植物原始的染色体基数为x=19。此外,对非整倍性变异的主要机制也进行了讨论。     

国产8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型研究

首次报道了8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型,其中6种的染色体数目为首次报道。结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋A．ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋A．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m+6sm(2sat)十16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋A．hainanensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat)十14st十2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋A．saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m十4sm(2sat)十16st;糙果蜘蛛抱蛋A．muricata,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;啮边蜘蛛抱蛋A．marginella,2n=2x=38=22m+4sm(2sat)十12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋A．xilin-ensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat)十2sm+26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A．cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat)十12sm十18st。核型类型都为2C型。首次在中国发现了A．cruciformis和A．xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性状及已有的38种植物的核型资料分析,认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18,核型向对称性增强的方向演化,其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多,这种演化趋势似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。关键词 蜘蛛抱蛋属;染色体数目;核型;进化     

新疆20种药用植物的染色体观察

本文对在新疆生长和引种栽培的10科20种药用植物染色体进行了计数和研究,其中5种进行了核型分析,6种为首次报道。     

我国部分热带果树染色体研究

本试验所用材料采自华南植物园,广东省农科院果树所和云南西双版纳热带植物所。凭证标本保存在南开大学生物系标本室。春季当幼芽萌发时采取幼芽或幼叶用去壁低渗法进行染色体标本制片。按第一届全国植物染色体学术讨论会的规定进行染色体分析。     

黄精属细胞分类学研究Ⅱ.四川金佛山地区黄精属植物核型

本文对四川金佛山地区4种黄精属植物的核型进行了研究,其结果为:滇黄精:2n=26=6m+12sm(2SAT)+8st(2SAT);距药黄精:2n=26=10m+4sm+12st;垂叶黄精:2n=30=14m(2SAT)+4sm+10st+2t、2n=28=14m+6sm+6st+2t;湖北黄精:2n=30=12m+8sm+10st、2n=28=6m+10sm+10st+2t、2n=22=2m+12sm 8st。通过与其它地区黄精属植物染色体数目与形态的比较,发现本地区所有种类的染色体数目普遍偏高,无论在染色体基数或染色体形态上都比较接近喜马拉雅山地区分布的种类。从实验结果进一步看出了黄精属的染色体变异是相当明显的,并主要表现为非整倍性变异;在有些情况下,染色体数目与结构的变异能与某些形态学特征相联系。     

国产6种黄耆属植物的核型研究

报道了国产黄耆属(Astragalus)6种植物的染色体数目和核型。结果表明,这6种黄耆属植物均为二倍体,其核型公式分别为：甘青黄耆(A．tangutlcus),2n=16=6m 8sm 2t,“3A”核型;悬垂黄耆(A．dependens),2n=16=10m 6sm,“2A”核型;四川黄耆(A．sutchuenensis),2n=16=8m 8sm,“2A”核型;萨雷古拉黄耆(A.pavlovlanus),2n=16=12m 4sm,“1A”核型;喜石黄耆(A.petraeus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型;拟糙叶黄耆(A.pseudoscaberrimus),2n=16=14m 2sm,“1A”核型。这6种黄耆属植物的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。     

五种苏铁属植物的核形态

报道了苏铁属（Cycas L.)5种植物的染色体数目和核型,除多歧苏铁外,其他种均为首次报道。5个种的体细胞中期染色体核型公式分别为：滇南苏铁C.diannanensis K(2n)=2x=22=2m 4sm 4st 12T;潭清苏铁C.tanqingii K(2n)=2x=22=2m 8sm 2st 10T;多歧苏的Cmultipinnata K(2n)=2x=22=4m 8st 2st 8T;巴兰萨苏铁C.balansae K(2n)=2x=xx=2m 4sm 6st 10T。石山苏铁C.miquelii K(2n)=22=2m 6sm(1SAT) 4st 10T;核型均属于3B型。本研究结果支持苏铁属植物的核型从不对称进化的观点;同时,支持将巴兰萨苏铁和石山苏铁归入攀枝花苏铁组的台湾苏铁亚组的观点。     

国产十五种翠雀族植物的核型研究

本文报道了国产乌头属Aconitum L.12种和翠雀属Delphinium L．3种植物的染色体数目和核型。花葶乌头A．scaposum var．scaposum和聚叶花葶乌头A．scaposum var．vaginatum的核型公式为2n=2m+6sm+8st;两色乌头A．alboviolaceum为2n＝16＝2m+6sm(2sat)十8st;高乌头A．sinomontanum var．sinomontanum为2n＝16＝4m+4sm+8st,而狭盔高乌头A．sinomontanum var．angustius为2n＝32＝6m+6sm+20st(1sat);褐紫乌头A.brunneum为2n＝16＝2m(1sat)+14sm 松潘乌头A．sungpanense为2n＝16＝6m(2sat)+10sm(2sat);弯枝乌头A．arcuatum为2n=16=4m+12sm;乌头A．carmichaeli为2n=32＝10m+22sm;北乌头A．kusnezoffii为2n＝32＝10m十22sm;鸭绿乌头A.jaluense为2n＝32=10m+22st;伏毛铁棒锤A．flavum为2n＝16＝2m+14sm; 铁棒锤A．pendulum为2n=16=4m+12sm;缩梗乌头A．sessiliflorum为2n＝16＝2m+10sm+4st;展毛翠雀花D．kamaoense var．glabrescens 为2n=16＝2m+6sm+8st;蓝翠雀花D．caeruleum为2n=16=2m+6sm+8st;多枝翠雀花D．maximowiczii为2n=16=2m+6sm+8st。其中花葶乌头、狭盔高乌头、褐紫乌头、松潘乌头、鸭绿乌头、伏毛铁棒锤、缩梗乌头、展毛翠雀花、蓝翠雀花、多枝翠雀花的染色体数目和核型为首次报道。     

Study on Karyotypes of Six Species in Angelica from Sichuan,China

Karyotypes of 6 species in Angelica L . from Sichuan are studied at population level and the karyotype of A. pseudoselinum is firstly reported . It is found that the number of chromosomes are invariably 2n = 2x =22 , with most of them are median and submedian centromeric chromosomes, while subterminal centromeric chromosomes exist in A. omeiensis . The majority of karyotypes belong to 2A, and Shihuiyao population of A. laxifoliata has 1A types . As for karyotypic formula , A. omeiensis is 2n =22 = 10m+ 2sm+ 10st , A. maowenensis is 2n =22= 16m+ 4sm+ 2sm (SAT) , A. sinensis is 2n = 22 = 14m+ 8sm, A. apaensis is 2n = 22 = 14m+8sm, and A. pseudoselinum is 2n =22 = 12m+ 8sm+2sm (SAT ) . However, different populations of A. laxiforliata don’t have the same karyotypic formulae, and there are some variations between the caryotypes more or less . According to Stebbins, A. omeiensis’s evolution status was showed by the highest index of asymmetry among six species studied in this paper , while A. laxiforliata is a little primitive because of its lower index of asymmetry and its 1A caryotypes . However , the morphological, anatomic , karyotypic characters and that of pollen grains are evolving asynchronously , suggesting that, Sichuan as one of the frequency centers of Angelica L . in China , is also one of thedifferentiation centers of Angelica L .