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1.
树突状细胞是机体内最重要、功能最强的专职抗原递呈细胞,是抗肿瘤免疫的最好佐剂。将不同形式肿瘤抗原负载的DC制成疫苗,可以在体内诱导特异性杀伤性T细胞(CTL)的生成,激发人体有效的特异性抗肿瘤免疫功能。其中肿瘤抗原原因转当的DC疫苗具有很多独特的优点,可望作为一种新型肿瘤疫苗用于肿瘤的防治。本文主要就其作用特点、体内应用的可行性及抗肿瘤作用效果的实验研究进展等方面作一综述。  相似文献   

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最近,美国FDA批准上市了第一个肿瘤治疗性疫苗,成为肿瘤治疗史上的一个里程碑事件。肿瘤免疫治疗领域目前正朝着发展新型疫苗技术方向前进,理想的肿瘤疫苗应该可以产生强大、持久和有效的免疫反应,同时疫苗的制造成本低廉,可以形成标准化生产工艺。本文中所提及的基因疫苗是在肿瘤多种免疫治疗方式中新出现的一种治疗方法。多项研究已经证明,肿瘤免疫基因治疗方式可以产生有效的免疫反应,获得很好的临床效果。在本综述中,我们简要概述当前肿瘤基因疫苗的发展现状及最新研究进展,探讨肿瘤基因疫苗的未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

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肿瘤疫苗包括肿瘤治疗性疫苗和肿瘤预防性疫苗。流行病学调查显示,人群罹患传染病或接种疫苗可降低发生肿瘤的风险,为肿瘤的预防和控制提出了新思路。近年来,肿瘤预防性疫苗尤其是抗致癌病原体预防性疫苗的研究已取得突破性进展,如乙型肝炎疫苗已证实对原发性肝癌具有预防作用,预防宫颈癌的人乳头瘤病毒疫苗已上市并广泛应用,预防胃癌的幽门螺杆菌疫苗研究也已进入临床研究。其次,以肿瘤抗原作为有效成分也是制备肿瘤预防性疫苗的一种新思路。简述了病原体感染及疫苗接种对发生肿瘤危险性的影响,并对肿瘤预防性疫苗的研究进展进行了总结和概述。  相似文献   

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树突状细胞(DC)是功能最强的专职抗原呈递细胞,在抗肿瘤免疫方面发挥着重要的作用.以DC为基础的肿瘤疫苗的研究发展迅速,其中效果最好的是DC/肿瘤融合细胞疫苗——不仅具有DC的抗原呈递功能,也持续产生内源性抗原肽.DC/肿瘤融合细胞疫苗不仅在动物实验中进行了大量的研究,而且已经进入了Ⅰ/Ⅱ期临床试验,结果表明,融合细胞能有效地诱导肿瘤特异性T淋巴细胞反应,病人也能很好地耐受.就DC/肿瘤融合疫苗的研究进展进行综述,并对目前研究中存在的问题作了客观的分析.  相似文献   

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树突状细胞 (Dendriticcells ,DC)是体内功能最强的抗原提呈细胞 ,它们的表面表达主要组织相容性复合物 (MajorHistocompatibilityComplex ,MHC)分子和共刺激分子 ,为淋巴细胞的活化提供双信号。DC活化后分泌IL - 12、IL - 18及干扰素等细胞因子刺激辅助型T细胞 (HelperTcells ,TH)增殖 ,促使TH0 和TH2 细胞向TH1细胞分化 ,并强烈激发TH1型免疫应答[1] ,从而增强机体的抗肿瘤、抗感染、自身免疫性疾病和移植排斥等细胞免疫反应。应用DC的抗肿瘤实验主要是…  相似文献   

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作为一种前景光明的肿瘤治疗方式,肿瘤疫苗能帮助机体产生针对肿瘤抗原的特异性免疫应答和长期的免疫记忆来治疗肿瘤,是癌症免疫治疗领域重要的研究方向。目前,肿瘤疫苗按制剂方式主要可以分为四类,即细胞疫苗、病毒疫苗、多肽类疫苗和核酸类疫苗。这些疫苗能通过增强机体内抗肿瘤免疫反应而发挥清除肿瘤细胞、抑制肿瘤生长的功能。该综述将对肿瘤疫苗的作用机制、基础研究与临床试验的最新进展进行讨论,以期为深入理解肿瘤疫苗、开发新型肿瘤疫苗提供有益的参考。  相似文献   

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本综述了近年来有关细胞因子基因转染肿瘤细胞的研究进展,探讨了利用细胞因子基因修饰肿瘤细胞制备肿瘤疫苗的可能性并对存在的问题进行了分析。  相似文献   

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Melanoma is a disease which has been shown to be responsive to immune intervention. This has been suggested by reports of spontaneous responses of metastatic disease with strong immune infiltrates, and supported by recent data correlating clinical response after IFNalpha treatment with development of generalized autoimmunity. Since the identification of melanoma-associated tumor antigens, many groups have performed clinical trials to take advantage of this discovery with melanoma-specific cancer vaccines. These trials, in which multiple antigen delivery strategies have been tested in hundreds of patients, have demonstrated that these vaccines are safe, immunogenic, and yield a low frequency of objective clinical responses. The ability to perform careful immunological monitoring has allowed important insights into the nature of the anti-tumor immunity generated by these vaccinations. While many trials have found that the absolute frequency of T cells specific for a vaccine-encoded antigen are a marker of immunization, it does not correlate with objective clinical response. Induction of broad immunity to multiple tumor antigens, taking advantage of cross-reactive T cells and activation of persistent T cells may be more important. Harnessing additional modes of amplifying immune responses (lymphodepletion, cytokine support, inhibition of negative immune self-regulation) are now being tested and should improve clinical responses from 5% to 10% complete response seen currently.  相似文献   

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Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Eradication of tumor cells requires an effective interaction between melanoma cells and different players of the immune system. As the most potent professional antigen‐presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in mounting a specific immune response where their intratumoral and peritumoral density as well as their functional status are correlated with clinical staging of the disease and with patients’ survival. Under steady‐state conditions, internalization of apoptotic cells by immature DCs designates a state of tolerance to self‐antigens. Nevertheless, pathogens and necrotic cells interacting with pattern recognition receptors trigger downstream signaling pathways that evoke maturation of DCs, leading to the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These mature DCs are essential for T‐cell priming and subsequent development of a specific immune response. Altered functions of DCs have an impact on the development of various disorders including autoimmune diseases and cancers. Herein, we focus on the checkpoints created throughout DCs antigen capturing and presentation to T cells, with subsequent development of either tolerance or immune response, with an emphasis on the role played by DCs in melanoma tumorigenesis and their therapeutic potential.  相似文献   

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树突状细胞(DC)是人体内最强的抗原提呈细胞。未成熟的DC可摄取抗原并迁移至淋巴器官,将抗原信息传递给免疫系统,引发免疫应答。研究表明,DC在启动抗肿瘤免疫中发挥着强大的功能。近年来,以DC为基础的肿瘤疫苗已成为肿瘤免疫治疗的热点。简要综述了各种DC疫苗的制备和临床应用。  相似文献   

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树突状细胞(dendritc cells,DC)是一种抗原提呈细胞,能特异地引发和调控机体免疫。它具有抗原呈现功能而不损害免疫系统,不仅能够激活CD4^ 辅助T细胞和CD8^ 细胞毒性T细胞,还能活化B细胞和自然杀伤细胞。已有的研究让人们看到了癌症疫苗的希望,但还处于早期阶段,有许多尚未确定的因素。因此有关DC疫苗用于对肿瘤的保护性和治疗性免疫还有待于进一步的研究。  相似文献   

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具有佐剂效果的海藻酸钙纳米胶囊制备   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
利用海藻酸多糖酸沉淀性质并结合乳化技术,本研究开发了一种酸沉淀诱导相变制备海藻酸钙纳米胶囊的新颖方法,并通过改变海藻酸钠溶液和表面活性剂浓度获得了最小平均水动力学直径在300 nm以下的球形凝胶颗粒,粒径分布均一,表面呈负电性。细胞培养实验结果表明,该海藻酸钙纳米胶囊对人外周血来源未成熟树突状细胞的成熟有与肿瘤坏死因子?(TNF-?)和细菌脂多糖(LPS)相当效力的刺激作用。蛋白质分子可通过共价偶联方式负载。该海藻酸钙纳米胶囊在新型疫苗设计、细胞治疗和靶向给药等方面具有重要的应用潜力。  相似文献   

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Recombinant DNA vaccines are able to induce strong CD8+ T cell mediated immunity and have become increasingly attractive for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Dendritic cells (DC), which critically control cellular immune responses, have been transduced with antigen ex vivo and used as 'nature's adjuvant' to enhance vaccine efficacy. The impact of the application route on the in vivo distribution of antigen and the stimulation of CD8+ T cells have been subjects of considerable debate. Here we report the construction of vectors expressing a fusion protein between EGFP, the H2-K(b)-binding peptide OVA(aa257-264) and green click beetle luciferase as a model antigen which allows for simultaneous quantitative assessment of antigen expression using fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging in correlation with CD8+ T cell stimulation in vivo. We applied this construct to evaluate DNA vaccination with recombinant adenoviral vectors, assess the impact of using cultured DC for vaccine delivery and investigate different application routes. Antigen expression was non-invasively followed in vivo by visualizing bioluminescence with an ultrasensitive CCD camera. CD8+ T cell stimulation was detected with H2-K(b)-OVA(aa257-264) tetramers. We found that intravenous injection of adenovirus-transduced DC stimulated the strongest OVA(aa257-264)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses although it delivered two orders of magnitude less antigen in vivo when compared to direct injection of recombinant adenovirus. We believe that our experimental approach has the potential to facilitate translational development of improved genetic immunization strategies targeting DC directly in vivo.  相似文献   

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