中国粘菌XI:高杯菌属一新种

本文描述了高杯菌属一新种,小囊高杯菌,附有其形态特征的扫描电镜照片,模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

中国粘菌Ⅵ:散丝菌属一新种

本文报告了粘菌一新种,小囊散丝菌Dianema microsporangium sp. nov.,讨论了新种与本其它种的区别,模式标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室.散丝菌属在中国首次报导。     

集胞菌的初步研究

本文报告了网柄菌属(Dictyostelium)的4个种:毛霉状网柄菌(D.mucoroides Brefeld)、小网柄菌(D.minutum Raper)、紫网柄菌(D.purpureum Olive)和盘基网柄菌(D.discoideumRaper)。轮柄菌属(Polysphondylium)的1个种,即紫轮柄菌(P.violaceum Brefeld)。共5个种,以上均为我国新记录。此外,又增补了一些分离培养的方法,对每个种的生活史进行了观察,并提出了小囊胞应纳入生活史中。     

三角孢小囊菌导致的心内膜炎1例

本文报道1例继发于植入心脏起搏器所致的三角孢小囊菌(Microascus trigonosporus)心内膜炎,此菌分离自患者起搏器电极表面的赘生物.赘生物组织病理切片显示大量有隔真菌丝,间生膨大的厚壁孢子.小囊菌系帚霉菌(Scopulariopsis)的有性阶段,广泛存在于自然界.目前国外已有短帚霉菌(Scopula...     

柔膜菌科新分类群及中国新记录种（英文）

对来自我国不同地区的柔膜菌科真菌进行了分类研究,发现3个新种(新疆绿胶杯菌、多隔拟散胞盘菌、河南新胶鼓菌)和1个新变种(落叶松芽孢盘菌小囊变种)以及3个未命名种,分别属于绿散胞盘菌属(Chlorencoelia sp.8357)、斯特罗盘菌属(Strossmayeria sp.1683)和丝绒盘菌属(Velutarina sp.4115),报道2个中国新记录种(卷边盘菌、泪滴暗被盘菌)。对上述分类群进行了详细的形态解剖学描述和图解,对新分类群与相近种的区别进行了讨论。     

中国全缘孔菌属及新种

本文报道产于中国东北长白山的多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)全缘孔菌属(Haploporus)一新种,即苦味全缘孔菌(H.amarus zeng et Bai)。作者在文中还对全缘孔菌属及其模式种的建立,命名和属的概念进行了讨论。模式标本存于东北师范大学生物系植物标本室(HBNNu)。     

网柄菌属的2个中国新记录种和2个中国大陆新记录种

从采自中国西南部分省区(云南、贵州)的土壤样品中分离出网柄菌属的2个中国新记录种,即粗茎网柄菌(Dictyostelium crassicaule)和交织网柄菌(Dictyostelium implicatum);2个中国大陆新记录种,即大头网柄菌(Dictyostelium macrocephalum)和大网柄菌(Dictyostelium magnum)。文中对该4个种进行了详细的形态学描述,并附其部分生活史的图片。     

采自栎树叶上的中国新记录属真菌—Tubakia

报道了采自辽宁省旅顺的辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)叶片上的椿启介菌属(Tubakia)为中国新记录属,并对该属及该属真菌干孢盾壳椿启介菌[Tubakia dryina(Sacc.)Sutton]进行了形态学描述。     

产于吉林长白山的中国子囊菌一新记录属——类肉座菌属(Hypocreopsis)(英文)

报道了采自吉林长白山的中国子囊菌一新记录属---类肉座菌属(Hypocreopsis)。该属隶属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、子囊菌纲(Ascomycetes)、粪壳菌亚纲(Sordariomycetidae)、肉座菌目(Hypocreales)、肉座菌科(Hypocreaceae)。同时地衣状类肉座菌(Hypocreopsis lichenoides)也是中国的新记录种,对该种进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图。     

聚雄菌属一新种

本文报道了寄生在一种双叶甲科(Biphyllidae)昆虫上的虫囊菌,聚雄菌属(Synandromyces)一新种,命名为“中国聚雄菌”(Synandromyces sinensis Y.H.Shen)。有拉丁文及中文描述。模式标本保存在广东省微生物研究所。     

Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Frenkelia: a review of its history and new knowledge gained from comparison of large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequences.

The different genera currently classified into the family Sarcocystidae include parasites which are of significant medical, veterinary and economic importance. The genus Sarcocystis is the largest within the family Sarcocystidae and consists of species which infect a broad range of animals including mammals, birds and reptiles. Frenkelia, another genus within this family, consists of parasites that use rodents as intermediate hosts and birds of prey as definitive hosts. Both genera follow an almost identical pattern of life cycle, and their life cycle stages are morphologically very similar. However, the relationship between the two genera remains unresolved because previous analyses of phenotypic characters and of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequences have questioned the validity of the genus Frenkelia or the monophyly of the genus Sarcocystis if Frenkelia was recognised as a valid genus. We therefore subjected the large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequences of representative taxa in these genera to phylogenetic analyses to ascertain a definitive relationship between the two genera. The full length large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequences obtained were aligned using Clustal W and Dedicated Comparative Sequence Editor secondary structure alignments. The Dedicated Comparative Sequence Editor alignment was then split into two data sets, one including helical regions, and one including non-helical regions, in order to determine the more informative sites. Subsequently, all four alignment data sets were subjected to different tree-building algorithms. All of the analyses produced trees supporting the paraphyly of the genus Sarcocystis if Frenkelia was recognised as a valid genus and, thus, call for a revision of the current definition of these genera. However, an alternative, more parsimonious and more appropriate solution to the Sarcocystis/Frenkelia controversy is to synonymise the genus Frenkelia with the genus Sarcocystis.     

A comparison of the stoloniferous octocorallian genera Scyphopodium, Stereotelesto, Bathytelesto and Rhodelinda, with the description of a new species from south eastern Africa (Anthozoa, Chavulariidae)

A new species of stoloniferous octocoral assignable to the genus Bathytelesto Bayer, 1981 is described from the Indian Ocean coast of southern Africa. The new taxon represents the fifth described species of the family Clavulariidae with rigid cylindrical or tubular anthosteles composed of inseparably-fused sclerites. Four genera are currenly in use to accommodate these species. However, only one of these ( Scyphopodium ) seems to be morphologically well differentiated from the rest. The other three ( Stereotelesto, Bathytelesto and Rhodelinda ) are here considered as nominal at present until more material representing all of the taxa can be accumulated and a detailed comparative examination made. Of these four genera, the new species is morphologically most closely aligned with the genus Bathytelesto .     

A new genus of rodents (Remyidae, Mammalia) from the Iberian Eocene

Abstract:  In this article, a new genus, Frontanyamys , is defined based on the new species F. russelli . The genus is recorded from the lower Upper Eocene (Bartonian) beds AT Sant Jaume de Frontanya (NE Spain). This genus shows clear affinities with the previously described genera Zamoramys, Remys and Pairomys. They are therefore assembled in the family Remyidae (new rank). The remyids are characterised by the precocious development of high-crowned molars and retain a morphologically primitive dental pattern. The oldest remyids are found in the middle Eocene of Spain ( Zamoramys ) and are probably derived from a morphologically primitive protrogomorph rodent such as Corbarimys paisi . The last representatives of the family such as Remys and Pairomys developed a fully lophodont dental pattern.     

Reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within Grapsidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) and comparison of trans-isthmian versus amphi-atlantic gene flow based on mtDNA

Following taxonomic revisions in recent years, the originally large family Grapsidae MacLeay, 1838 has become a relatively small and morphologically homogeneous family in terms of adult and larval morphology. Most available molecular studies including more than one genus of the family have also suggested monophyly of the corresponding taxa. However, no single phylogenetic study has ever included all constituent genera of the Grapsidae. In the current study, a molecular phylogeny based on sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene from all eight grapsid genera and 34 species is presented and suggests that up to four genera are not monophyletic. This is mainly due to the polyphyletic nature of the genus Pachygrapsus which can be found in six different lineages of the phylogeny, suggesting that the genus currently does not represent a single evolutionary lineage and is in need of taxonomic revision. Amphi-atlantic and trans-isthmian species pairs or populations in four genera are compared and reveal relatively constant and pronounced divergences across the Panama Isthmus as opposed to moderate divergences across the Atlantic Ocean, thereby suggesting occurrence of gene flow across the Atlantic Ocean during the past three million years.     

火丝菌科(盘菌目)部分属的系统学研究

本文以核糖体小亚基(SSUrDNA)为分子标记,对28个属60个种的71个序列片段进行序列分析,探讨火丝菌科的属间亲缘关系。研究结果支持广义的火丝菌科概念,表明该科是单起源的,显示5个主要分支。腐生或与植物共生形成菌根、囊盘被表面具有毛状物的15个属构成A分支,该分支中仅部分属之间的关系比较明确;与苔藓植物生长在一起的4个属构成B分支;C分支包括Otidea和Otideopsis两属,后者与Otidea的成员混杂在一起;D分支仅包括Acervus的成员;E分支由Geopyxis,Tarzetta,Paurocotylis等5个属组成。分子系统学的研究结果与形态学分类系统之间存在一定差异,依据形态特征和超微结构建立的亚科和族均未获得支持。     

Phylogeny of Labidodemas and the Holothuriidae (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) as inferred from morphology

The Holothuriidae is one of the three established families within the large holothuroid order Aspidochirotida. The approximately 185 recognized species of this family are commonly classified in five nominal genera: Actinopyga , Bohadschia , Holothuria , Pearsonothuria and Labidodemas. Maximum parsimony analyses on morphological characters, as inferred from type and nontype material of the five genera, revealed that Labidodemas comprises highly derived species that arose from within the genus Holothuria . The paraphyletic status of the latter, large (148 assumed valid species) and morphologically diverse genus has recently been recognized and is here confirmed and discussed. Nevertheless, we adopt a Darwinian or eclectic classification for Labidodemas , which we retain at generic level within the Holothuriidae. We compare our phylogeny of the Holothuriidae with previous classifications of its genera and subgenera, and make suggestions concerning possible systematic changes.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 144 , 103−120.     

Unraveling the extent of diversity within the order Planctomycetales.

The phylogenetic positions of 22 isolates that morphologically resemble members of the family Planctomycetaceae were determined by sequence analysis of genes coding for 16S rRNA. While nine and eight isolates could be assigned to the genera Planctomyces and Pirellula, respectively, three strains grouped near Isosphaera pallida and one strain was closely related to Gemmata obscuriglobus. No isolate was found to be related to a previously described species of any of the four genera at the species level. Morphological characters and sequence idiosyncrasies of genes coding for 16S rRNA of the isolates generally correlated with features described for the four genera to which the isolates could be assigned. One strain stands phylogenetically isolated and may be representative of a novel genus of the family. Comparison with environmental clone sequences representing planctomycetes in soil and water revealed that three of the novel isolates were related to one clone of soil origin, but no close relationships between clones and the other new strains were found. The study reveals that the biodiversity of planctomycetes is significantly greater than was previously determined.     

无花果内生真菌的分离及其鉴定

从无花果(Ficus carica)的根、茎、叶中分离得到87株内生真菌,经显微形态特征观察鉴定为14个属,其中根部35株涉及8个属,茎部37株涉及10个属,叶部15株涉及3个属。结果表明,无花果的不同部位内生真菌的数量、分布和种群存有差异。     

Does versatility as measured by geographic range,bathymetric range and morphological variability contribute to taxon longevity?

Aim This paper aims to examine the relationship between versatility as measured by geographic range, bathymetric range and morphological variability (species and subspecies richness and the occurrence of morphologically highly variable populations), and the geologic longevities of trachyleberidid ostracode species and genera, while accounting for sampling biases and other confounding factors. Location Global. Methods A large database of occurrence records of species of the family Trachyleberididae s.l. was analysed. The relationships between genus and species longevity and the above mentioned variables were examined singly and in concert. Re‐analyses of subsets of data and rarefaction techniques were employed to account for sampling biases, while randomization was used to account for autocorrelation of variables. Results The mean number of occurrence records, and latitudinal and longitudinal ranges, were strongly and positively correlated with genus and species longevities. The number of bathymetric zones occupied by genera had no consistent bearing on their longevities, but species data subsets tended to indicate significant positive relationships between bathymetric range and longevities. Species richness was significantly and positively correlated with genus longevities. Species and genera with subspecies and species with high morphological variability all had significantly greater longevities. Genus‐level characteristics can be explained largely by species‐level characteristics, including longevity, latitudinal ranges and bathymetric ranges to a lesser degree. However, genus longevity was best explained by species richness and genus age, even for extinct genera, while species longevity was best explained by species latitudinal range. Main conclusions In spite of the incompleteness of the fossil record, we can control for biasing factors and still confidently draw the conclusion that both ecological and evolutionary versatility contribute to lineage longevity, beyond the shorter temporal observation windows available to most ecological studies.