Ketamine-medetomidine anesthesia with atipamezole reversal: practical anesthesia for rodents under field conditions

Field studies often necessitate immobilization of animal subjects, but field conditions may complicate the induction of anesthesia. Likewise, researchers must ensure that animals are fully recovered before releasing them. The authors successfully tested an anesthesia induction and reversal regimen under field conditions.     

Cerebral impedance with different kinds of anesthesia

Values of specific impedance of the cat's cerebral cortex were measured in the awake state and under various kinds of anesthesia (epontol, sodium thiopental, and ether). Measurements were taken at a frequency of 1 kHz using Ranck's four-electrode method. It was found that the development of general anesthesia was not accompanied by definite changes in impedance (±4%). The fact that substantial functional changes in cortical neurons such as these do not lead to changes in impedance can be explained by the relative independence of total cortical impedance from the membrane resistance of nerve cells. The quite small phase difference (5°) between the measuring current and the potential difference recorded in the cortex proves that the current passes virtually through the intercellular space only. The impedance of the cerebral cortex was assumed to be an entity essentially unrelated to the functional state of the cortex; the impedance cannot therefore determine the amplitude changes of the electrocorticogram (ECoG) recorded. The magnitude of cortical specific impedance was found to be 258 ±10·cm.A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Moscow Physicotechnical Institute. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 260–265, May–June, 1971.     

舒芬太尼联合氟比洛芬酯预防全麻苏醒期躁动

目的:探讨术中应用舒芬太尼联合氟比洛芬酯预防全麻苏醒期躁动的效果.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级全身麻醉下进行胆囊切除术患者90例,随机分为3组,各30例.Ⅰ组给予舒芬太尼0.1μg·kg-1;Ⅱ组给予舒芬太尼0.15μg·kg-1;Ⅲ组给予氟比洛芬酯1 mg·kg-1,舒芬太尼0.1μg·kg-1.在手术结束前20 min静脉给药,观察比较苏醒期三组患者的躁动发生情况、疼痛评分及不良反应(恶心、呕吐等).结果:Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组患者躁动发生率和疼痛评分均低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间差异无显著性(P>0.05).Ⅲ组不良反应发生率小于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05).结论:术中应用舒芬太尼联合氟比洛芬酯对预防全麻苏醒期躁动具有良好的效果,并能降低不良反应发生率.     

Appendectomy in rabbits with extended unilateral anesthesia.

Thoracic paravertebral anesthesia was not believed to accompany numbness in the lumbar nerve region. However, we recently discovered that thoracic paravertebral anesthesia could produce analgesia in the lumbar region. We called this block extended unilateral anesthesia. In this study, appendectomy was attempted in rabbits with extended unilateral anesthesia. After a catheter was inserted into the endothoracic fascia in the paravertebral region on the right side at the level of the 11th thoracic vertebra, a 3-ml dose of 2% mepivacaine was injected repeatedly through the catheter. After an injection of the local anesthetic we could observe motor and sensory paralysis unilaterally from the chest down to the lower limb in all the rabbits, the extended unilateral anesthesia. With this anesthesia, we could accomplish appendectomy. This is the initial report of extended unilateral anesthesia applied to appendectomy in rabbits. We think that this anesthesia could be beneficial in future medical and veterinary use.     

Pediatric anesthesia

Induction of anesthesia in infants and children presents many problems not present in procedures for adults. Anesthetists may better serve the patient by visiting with him on the eve of operation, not only to establish friendly relations to avoid rebellion, but to form a basis for decision as to what anesthetic agent to use and by what method it should be given. As the kind of operation and the difficulties to be expected with each are large factors in the choice of agent and technique, a number of operative situations are reviewed from this standpoint.