人血清中游离色氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸的微量测定——附我国健康成人测定值报告

测定人血清中游离氨基酸、特别是某些特殊氨基酸含量的变化,作为研究蛋白质代谢的指标,在临床医学研究方面已有很多报道。目前从测定生物体液和组织中,个别或某些氨基酸浓度的变化,已能诊断六十余种先天性氨基酸代谢缺陷的疾病,从而指导治疗。如患苯酮尿症的婴儿,血清中游离苯丙氨酸浓度可高出常人数倍,游离酪氨酸浓度则减低,如能在出生后短期内作出诊断并限制食物中苯丙氨酸含量,     

苯丙酮尿症(PKU)患者血清的氨基酸定量分析(英文)

目的 PKU患者血清中游离氨基酸组成及定量分析。方法 应用日立835-50型氨基酸自动分析仪进行测定。结果 七例PKU患者血清中Phe患者血清中Phe (1.5480.080) 和Glu (0.4680.098) 的含量分别为正常组Phe (0.1070.014) 和Glu (0.1330.046) 的15倍和3.5倍,差异非常显著 (p<0.001)。Arg (0.0330.046) 为正常组 (0.1130.025) 的1/4 (p<0.001)。但患者血清中Tyr (0.0500.016) 与正常值 (0.0470.008) 相比则无显著性差异 (p>0.05)。结论 用氨基酸分析方法可准确测定PKU血清中各种氨基酸含量,为PKU诊断提供了可靠的数据: 并发现除Phe外,还有Arg的异常降低及Glu的异常升高,其发生机理及临床意义有待进一步研究。     

实验性癫癎豚鼠血液中某些成分的变化

本文观察了正常豚鼠、在靜息状态下的罹实驗性癲癇病豚鼠以及在发作后的癇病豚鼠血液中氨,血清中游离氨基酸、鉀、鈉离子浓度以及血清蛋白,以比較三类动物之間的异同。往癇病发作后的动物血氨浓度远較正常动物为高,这和前人所得的結果是相似的,但是值得注意的是癇病豚鼠在靜息状态下的血氨浓度比正常动物还低得多。經抗癇药物(天麻浸膏或苯妥英鈉)治疗后又恢复到正常动物的水平。血清內游离氨基酸的情况較为复杂。其中甘氨酸在发作前后的癇病豚鼠均較正常豚鼠为低。谷氨酰胺的合量在癲癇发作后較在靜息状态时有显著升高,而在靜息状态下的病员与正常豚鼠相較无多大区別。其它游离氨基酸三类动物之間的差別不甚显著。血清中鉀、鈉离子的合量三类动物之間均无差异。 癲癇豚鼠血清中γ-球蛋白較正常豚鼠为高。     

脑啡肽类似物与阿片受体亚型的结合

为了探讨脑啡肽类似物与不同受体亚型的结合,我们用液相法所合成的一系列类似物,以豚鼠回肠和小白鼠输精管作为测定类似物对不同受体亚型结合活性的模型,并用放射受体分析法测定了这些类似物对阿片受体的活力,最后我们还用小白鼠热板法测定了它们的镇痛效果。我们发现脑啡肽分子第五位氨基酸侧链的疏水性和游离羧基对δ-受体结合特别重要。对μ-受体来说第五位氨基酸不一定是必需的,而羧端的游离羧基对μ-受体的结合是不利的。第二位甘氨酸被D-氨基酸取代后无论对δ-受体或μ-受体的结合能力都可以提高,但如果D-氨基酸的侧链过于庞大,则大大影响对δ-受体的结合能力。第四位苯丙氨酸对δ-受体来说必须具有典型的苯丙氨酸芳香族。δ-受体对脑啡肽分子的结构要求更为严格,而镇痛活性基本上与μ-受体结合的活性相平行,而与δ-受体结合的活性关系不大。合成的[DAla~2-DSer(Bzl)~5]Enk类似物在与δ-受体上的活力,比已报道的[DAla~2—Ser(Bzl)~5]Enk还要高一倍多,而[DAla—(N—CH_3)Phe~4—DSer(Bzl)~5]Enk的镇痛效果比吗啡要高300倍以上。     

长白山特产猕猴桃果中氨基酸含量测定

应用Beckman 121MB型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了长白山特产猕猴桃果中17种游离氨基酸,葛枣、软枣、狗枣猕猴桃果的总量分别为77.74、89.47、99.02mg/100g,比王浆蜜、蜂蜜高3—4和9—11倍,其中11种人体必需、半必需氨基酸含量和分别占总含量的73.58％、52.17％、67.58％,值得开发利用。     

花馔及其氨基酸营养

应用日立835 50型高效氨基酸自动分析仪,对十五种常见食用花卉干样进行了水解蛋白氢基酸成分测定,结果发现:①花馔中酸水解蛋白氨的基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸含量较高,占食用干物质的6.00—29.45％。②花馔中人体必需氨基酸含量丰富,占总氨基酸含量的29.50—42.60％。尤以亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸含量为高。③花馔中甜、鲜类氨基酸含量也较高,分别占总氨基酸的25.94—39.89％,23.35—33.38％,花馔是兼有营养、颜色、美味的天然食物,值得人类利用。     

浊度法测定发酵液中L－苯丙氨酸含量

本文介绍浊度测定发酵液中Ｌ－苯丙氨酸含量的方法。根据指示菌生长的细胞密度与生长培养基内所含的苯丙氨酸量在一定浓度范围内呈线性关系的原理,摸索了浊度测定的最适条件。结果表明浊度法测定发酵液中的苯丙氨酸含量,简便、准确性高。     

孕中期双胎妊娠与单胎妊娠孕妇血清AFP与F-β-Hcg水平的比较

目的：检测双胎妊娠孕中期孕妇血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）和人绒毛膜促性腺激素游离B亚基（F-β-hCG）的水平,探索双胎妊娠时孕妇血清学筛查用于Down＇s胎儿高风险评估的AFP、F-β-hCG界定值。方法：收集双胎妊娠129例,孕中期（15～2l周）采集孕妇静脉血,用时间分辨荧光免疫分析技术测定血清AFP和F-β-hCG的浓度,并于分娩后随访,确定胎儿有无异常。另选2603例胎儿无异常的单胎妊娠作对照组。结果：129例双胎妊娠孕妇血清AFP浓度的中位教为98.98ng／ml,F-β-hCG浓度的中位数为32.20ng／mt;2603例单胎妊娠孕妇血清AFP和F-β-hCG浓度的中位数分别为52.15ng／ml和13.00ng／mt。双胎妊娠孕妇血清AFP和F-β-hCG的水平均明显高于对照组（P均〈0.01）。结论：鉴于双胎妊娠孕妇血清AFP和F-β-hCG水平明显升高,双胎妊娠的产前唐氏筛查风险评估时应引入正常双胎妊娠的AFP、F-β-hCG值。     

六种氨基酸混合物溶液的紫外光谱的人工神经元网络定量分析研究

把人工神经网络用于六种氨基酸(酪氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、胱氨酸、组氨酸,3,4—二羟基苯丙氨酸)混合物紫外光谱的定量分析,以酪氨酸为例,不经分离测定了混合溶液中酪氨酸的含量,为氨基酸的多组分分析提供了一种新方法。并与卡尔曼滤波方法进行了比较,表明神经网络在一些方面优于卡尔曼滤波方法。     

六种氨基酸混合物溶液的紫外光谱的人工神经元网络定量分析研究

把人工神经网络用于六种氨基酸(酪氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、胱氨酸、组氨酸,3,4—二羟基苯丙氨酸)混合物紫外光谱的定量分析,以酪氨酸为例,不经分离测定了混合溶液中酪氨酸的含量,为氨基酸的多组分分析提供了一种新方法。并与卡尔曼滤波方法进行了比较,表明神经网络在一些方面优于卡尔曼滤波方法。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

松科4属植物茎初生结构比较研究

研究比较观察了松科云杉属的云杉（Ｐｉｃｅａ ａｓｐｅｒａｔａ）、油杉属的油杉（Ｋｅｔｅｌｅｅｒｉａ ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉ）、雪松属的雪松（Ｃｅｄｒｕｓ ｄｅｏｄｅｒａ）、松属的海南五针松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｆｅｎｚｅｌｉａｎａ）和大明松（Ｐ．ｔａｉｗａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈａｙａｔａ ｖａｒ．ｄａｍｉｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）５个种的幼茎初生结构。结果表明,皮下层的细胞层数、皮层细胞的组成,树脂道的分布,鞘细胞的排     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

History of the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus

This essay documents and examines the historical circumstances and events surrounding the discovery of the mode of transmission of yellow fever virus in Cuba. Close scrutiny of the articles published by Walter Reed and his colleagues in 1900, 1901 and 1902 reveals their limitations as historic documents. Fortunately, other sources of information from that period survive in letters and documents written by individuals involved in the quest for the mode of transmission. Examination and comparison of those sources of information unveiled a fascinating story which reveals that misunderstandings engendered by published articles accorded merit where it was not fully due.