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1.
以非灭菌土为生长基质,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同施氮水平下接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对黄芪生理特性和营养成分的影响.结果表明: AM真菌对不同施氮水平下黄芪的生长效果有显著影响,接种AM真菌能够提高黄芪根系菌根侵染率,但高施氮量抑制了AM真菌对黄芪根系的侵染.不同施氮水平下接种AM真菌可使黄芪生长量、叶片可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量及SOD、POD和CAT活性有不同程度的提高,且50 mg N·kg-1土和100 mg N·kg-1土施氮水平下接种株POD同工酶出现了新谱带,接种AM真菌对黄芪植株的黄酮、N和P含量也有一定促进作用.施氮量为50~100 mg N·kg-1土时接种效果最佳.  相似文献   

2.
本研究采用温室盆栽试验,利用丛枝菌根(AM)真菌摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae进行接种试验,研究了在Cd胁迫下(0、5、15和30mg/kg)接种AM真菌对高羊茅Festuca elata ‘Crossfire II’的生物量、防御酶活性、磷和镉(Cd)含量的影响。结果表明,随着Cd浓度的增加,高羊茅的菌根侵染率和菌根相对依赖性有所增加。接种AM真菌改善了磷从植株根系向地上部的转运,有助于植株在地上部积累更多的磷。此外,AM真菌和Cd胁迫对高羊茅植株抗氧化酶活性都有显著影响,在镉胁迫下,与未接种植株相比,接种AM真菌显著提高了植株的过氧化氢酶活性,而显著降低了植株的丙二醛含量。与未接种植株相比,接种摩西管柄囊霉显著提高了寄主植物对Cd的富集能力,有利于重金属在根部的积累,同时降低了地上部的Cd含量。本研究表明,高羊茅-丛枝菌根共生体在Cd污染土壤的修复中具有潜在应用价值。  相似文献   

3.
矿区分离丛枝菌根真菌对万寿菊吸Cd潜力影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
盆栽试验研究土壤不同施Cd水平(0、5、20、50μg/g)下,接种矿区污染土壤中丛枝菌根真菌对万寿菊根系侵染率、植株生物量及Cd吸收与分配的影响。结果表明:接种丛枝菌根真菌显著提高Cd胁迫下万寿菊的根系侵染率和植株生物量;随着施Cd水平提高,各处理植株Cd浓度显著增加。各施Cd水平下万寿菊地上部Cd吸收量远远高于根系Cd吸收量,在土壤施Cd量达到50μg/g时,接种处理地上部Cd吸收量是根系的3.48倍,对照处理地上部Cd吸收量是根系的1.67倍;同一施Cd水平下接种处理植株Cd吸收量要显著高于对照。总体上,试验条件下污染土壤中分离的丛枝菌根真菌促进了万寿菊对土壤中Cd的吸收,并在一定程度上增加Cd向地上部分的运转,表现出植物提取的应用潜力。  相似文献   

4.
将‘鲁豆4号’大豆接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌聚生球囊霉Glomus fasiculatum和大豆胞囊线虫(SCN)Heterodera glycines 4号生理小种后, 定期测定大豆根系中AM真菌及线虫侵染速率、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶及几丁质酶活性的动态变化。结果表明, 接种AM真菌大豆根系中4种酶活性高于对照水平; 先接种AM真菌后接种SCN处理根系中POD、PAL及几丁质酶的活性高于只接种SCN的处理,并且酶活性峰值出现的时间均早于或相当于后者。另外,PAL及几丁质酶活性出现高峰时期也正是AM真菌侵染率迅速升高及线虫侵染速率快速下降期。因此,AM真菌先激活了大豆的防御反应,然后使其对SCN的侵染产生快速反应,PAL及几丁质酶在AM真菌诱导的抗、耐线虫病害机制中起重要作用。值得注意的是,先接种AM真菌后接种SCN处理大豆根系中,β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性低于只接种AM真菌的处理。作者认为本试验条件下,该酶在大豆抗SCN病害中的作用表现不明显。  相似文献   

5.
AM真菌和胞囊线虫对大豆根内酶活性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
将‘鲁豆4号’大豆接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌聚生球囊霉Glomus fasiculatum和大豆胞囊线虫(SCN)Heterodera glycines 4号生理小种后, 定期测定大豆根系中AM真菌及线虫侵染速率、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶及几丁质酶活性的动态变化。结果表明, 接种AM真菌大豆根系中4种酶活性高于对照水平; 先接种AM真菌后接种SCN处理根系中POD、PAL及几丁质酶的活性高于只接种SCN的处理,并且酶活性峰值出现的时间均早于或相当于后者。另外,PAL及几丁质酶活性出现高峰时期也正是AM真菌侵染率迅速升高及线虫侵染速率快速下降期。因此,AM真菌先激活了大豆的防御反应,然后使其对SCN的侵染产生快速反应,PAL及几丁质酶在AM真菌诱导的抗、耐线虫病害机制中起重要作用。值得注意的是,先接种AM真菌后接种SCN处理大豆根系中,β-1,3葡聚糖酶活性低于只接种AM真菌的处理。作者认为本试验条件下,该酶在大豆抗SCN病害中的作用表现不明显。  相似文献   

6.
于温室盆栽不同光照条件(遮光率分别为0%、24%、48%、72%、96%)下,对孔雀草Tagetes patula进行接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌幼套近明球囊霉Claroideoglomus etunicatum、摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、球状巨孢嚢霉Gigaspora margarita和不接种对照处理,测定孔雀草菌根侵染率、生长指标和生理指标,旨在评价AM真菌对孔雀草耐阴性的影响。结果表明,供试AM真菌均能侵染孔雀草根系形成典型的丛枝菌根,不同遮光处理均以接种F. mosseae的侵染效果最佳,强光及弱光均不利于AM真菌侵染,当遮光率为24%时,孔雀草生长状况最佳。与不接种对照相比,接种F. mosseae显著提高了孔雀草株高、茎粗、叶面积、根冠比、比叶重、着花数和花茎,单花花期延长,提高了根系活力、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和可溶性糖含量,降低了脯氨酸含量,光补偿点下降,光饱和点升高,最大净光合速率增大。结果表明,适当遮荫有利于孔雀草生长发育,接种AM真菌能增强孔雀草对光照的适应能力,促进植株生长发育,减缓弱光造成的损伤,增强其耐阴性,且以接种F. mosseae效果最好。  相似文献   

7.
AM真菌和胞囊线虫对大豆根内酶活性的影响   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
将‘鲁豆4号’大豆接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌聚生球囊霉Glomus fasiculatum和大豆胞囊线虫(SCN)Heterodera glycines4号生理小种后,定期测定大豆根系中AM真菌及线虫侵染速率、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β—1,3葡聚糖酶及几丁质酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,接种AM真菌大豆根系中4种酶活性高于对照水平:先接种AM真菌后接种SCN处理根系中POD、PAL及几丁质酶的活性高于只接种SCN的处理,并且酶活性峰值出现的时间均早于或相当于后者。另外,PAL及几丁质酶活性出现高峰时期也正是AM真菌侵染率迅速升高及线虫侵染速率快速下降期。因此,AM真菌先激活了大豆的防御反应,然后使其对SCN的侵染产生快速反应,PAL及几丁质酶在AM真菌诱导的抗、耐线虫病害机制中起重要作用。值得注意的是,先接种AM真菌后接种SCN处理大豆根系中,β—1,3葡聚糖酶活性低于只接种AM真菌的处理。作者认为本试验条件下,该酶在大豆抗SCN病害中的作用表现不明显。  相似文献   

8.
水分胁迫下丛枝菌根AM真菌对民勤绢蒿生长与抗旱性的影响   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
贺学礼  高露  赵丽莉 《生态学报》2011,31(4):1029-1037
采用盆栽试验,研究了水分胁迫下接种丛枝菌根AM真菌对民勤绢蒿(Seriphidium minchünense)生长和抗旱性的影响。结果表明,不同水分条件下,接种AM真菌提高了民勤绢蒿菌根侵染率和生物量,增加了地上部和地下部全P含量,重度胁迫下接种株地上部总黄酮含量显著升高,而对分枝数和地上部、地下部全N含量无显著影响。水分胁迫提高了民勤绢蒿菌根依赖性和全N、全P菌根贡献率。不同生长时期接种AM真菌均能提高植株叶片相对含水量、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量;前期接种株叶片可溶性糖含量显著低于未接种株,而中后期可溶性糖含量显著高于未接种株;整个生长时期接种株比未接种株叶片维持较低的脯氨酸含量;不同生长时期接种株叶片全N和全P含量显著升高,重度胁迫下接种株叶片总黄酮含量显著升高。AM真菌促进宿主植物生长和增强抗旱性可能是AM真菌直接促进宿主植物根系对土壤水分和矿质元素吸收和间接改善植株体内生理代谢活动的缘故。  相似文献   

9.
王策  谢宏鑫  刘润进  李伟  郭绍霞  李敏 《菌物学报》2021,40(10):2800-2810
丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌可通过多种途径或机制来增强植物的耐盐性,进而促进植株的生长发育。本研究在盆栽条件下设西瓜Citrullus lanatus品种‘京欣四号’幼苗接种变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme和不接种以及施加和不施加100mmol/L NaCl共4个处理,测定植株根系菌根侵染状况、根系构型及其根茎叶中钾(K)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、钠(Na)含量、K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na和植株生长状况等。AM真菌显著增加了盐胁迫下西瓜植株总根长度、根表面积、根体积和根尖数量,改善了根系构型;促进了西瓜根系对K、Ca和P的吸收,提高了茎Ca和P含量、根系K和P含量、K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+,而降低了根Na+含量;茎P和Na+、叶K和Ca的含量显著高于其他器官相应含量。典范对应分析表明,根系K含量、K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+与总根长度、主根长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数量、根平均直径呈正相关;叶K+/Na+与主根长度呈正相关;根系Na+含量与根系总根长、根平均直径和根尖数量呈负相关。接种AM真菌改善了矿质元素平衡及其分配状况。盐胁迫后西瓜植株对菌根的依赖性增强。结果表明,K、Ca、P是AM真菌介导植物耐盐性的关键养分;K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+是重要的矿质元素平衡指标,接种AM真菌能调控植物根系构型和矿质元素平衡状况,从而缓解盐胁迫对西瓜生长的抑制作用,提高植株的耐盐性。  相似文献   

10.
AM真菌与镉互作影响桑生长和无机元素吸收转运   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《菌物学报》2017,(7):996-1009
为评价Cd胁迫下接种AM真菌(AMF)对减轻桑树Cd毒害及Cd迁移规律的影响,采用了分室培养法开展试验。在菌根室种植无菌桑苗并接种AMF(Gigaspora rosea),菌丝室设置兼菌丝收集器功能的Cd陷阱。陷阱中的Cd处理浓度为0、5、20、40mg/kg,菌根室每室种植3株桑苗,6个重复,对照不接种AMF。培养60d后检测桑苗的菌根侵染率、不同部位的生长量、AMF菌丝生物量、4种矿质营养元素组分及Cd在AMF菌丝体和桑株中的定位及转运情况。结果表明:在0–40mg/kg的Cd处理下,不接种AMF处理的对照桑,其菌根侵染率、AMF菌丝生物量以及镉含量都为0。接种AMF处理中,当Cd<5mg/kg时,桑苗菌根侵染率、AMF菌丝生物量、桑苗鲜生物量、枝叶中N、K、Ca、Mg以及根系N、K、Ca矿质元素的积累都有促进作用,在5mg/kg时促生效果最佳;当Cd>5mg/kg时,随着Cd浓度的升高,桑苗菌根侵染率、AMF菌丝生物量、桑苗鲜生物量、枝叶中N、K、Ca、Mg以及根系N、K、Ca矿质元素的积累都受到渐强的抑制;陷阱中Cd浓度高低与根系中Mg元素的吸收量之间显著负相关;接种AMF可以显著提高桑株生物量和矿质营养的积累;Cd主要集中在桑苗的根部,Cd处理浓度与AMF菌丝体中以及桑株中的Cd含量均显著正相关;Cd在菌根桑苗中的迁移率(<9%)和不同部位(根-茎、根-叶)的转移系数(<0.1)都极其低。结果证明:Cd胁迫对桑苗的菌根侵染率、营养生长、AMF菌丝生长和矿质吸收(除Mg外)都存在低促高抑的剂量效应;AMF对Cd胁迫有一定的抗性,接种AMF显著促进植物的生长以及矿质营养元素的吸收和转运;重金属Cd在菌根桑中的分布、迁移是不均匀的,具有一定的独特性。  相似文献   

11.
The ecotoxicological effects of nanomaterials on animal, plant, and soil microorganisms have been widely investigated; however, the nanotoxic effects of plant-soil interactive systems are still largely unknown. In the present study, the effects of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on the soil-plant interactive system were estimated. The growth of plant seedlings in the presence of different concentrations of ZnO NPs within microcosm soil (M) and natural soil (NS) was compared. Changes in dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and soil bacterial community diversity were estimated based on the microcosm with plants (M+P) and microcosm without plants (M-P) in different concentrations of ZnO NPs treatment. The shoot growth of M+P and NS+P was significantly inhibited by 24% and 31.5% relative to the control at a ZnO NPs concentration of 1,000 mg/kg. The DHA levels decreased following increased ZnO NPs concentration. Specifically, these levels were significantly reduced from 100 mg/kg in M-P and only 1,000 mg/kg in M+P. Different clustering groups of M+P and M-P were observed in the principal component analysis (PCA). Therefore, the M-P's soil bacterial population may have more toxic effects at a high dose of ZnO NPs than M+P's. The plant and activation of soil bacteria in the M+P may have a less toxic interactive effect on each of the soil bacterial populations and plant growth by the ZnO NPs attachment or absorption of plant roots surface. The soil-plant interactive system might help decrease the toxic effects of ZnO NPs on the rhizobacteria population.  相似文献   

12.
This study sought to investigate the effect of sulfur levels on changes in the fungal community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) at the pod-setting stage and the relationship between the amount of applied sulfur and AM fungal diversity in different soybean cultivars. The objective of the research was to determine the optimal sulfur application level for different soybean cultivars and to improve soybean yield and quality from the perspective of AM fungal diversity. Three soybean cultivars, Heinong 44, Heinong 48, and Heinong 37, were selected as study materials. In addition to 0.033?g each of N, P2O5 and K2O per kg of soil, 0, 0.02, 0.04, or 0.06?g of elemental sulfur was applied to each kg of soil for the four treatment groups, S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively. The AM fungal community structure was analyzed in the soil and root of different soybean cultivars using the PCR-DGGE technology. The results indicated a significant effect of sulfur on the AM fungal community structure in the roots and rhizospheric soil of different soybean cultivars. The three soybean cultivars in group S2 exhibited the highest diversity in AM fungus. Significant changes in the dominant fungal species were observed in the DGGE fingerprints of each sample, and Glomus, Funneliformis, Rhizophagus, and Claroideoglomus fungi were the dominant species of AM fungus in the roots and soil of soybean. The application of an appropriate amount of sulfur improved the diversity of AM fungi in roots and rhizospheric soil of different soybean cultivars.  相似文献   

13.
丛枝菌根在植物修复重金属污染土壤中的作用   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
王发园  林先贵 《生态学报》2007,27(2):793-801
丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)是自然界中分布最广的一类菌根,AM真菌能与陆地上绝大多数的高等植物共生,常见于包括重金属污染土壤在内的各种生境中。在重金属污染条件下,AM真菌可以减轻重金属对植物的毒害,影响植物对重金属的吸收和转运,在重金属污染土壤的植物修复中显示出极大的应用潜力。重点介绍了AM真菌对植物重金属耐性的影响及其在植物提取和植物稳定中的应用等方面的进展,讨论了未来研究所面临的任务和挑战。  相似文献   

14.
The development of symbioses between soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), and most terrestrial plants can be very beneficial to both partners and hence to the ecosystem. Among such beneficial effects, the alleviation of soil stresses by AM is of especial significance. It has been found that AM fungi can alleviate the unfavourable effects on plant growth of stresses such as heavy metals, soil compaction, salinity and drought. In this article, such mechanisms are reviewed, in the hope that this may result in more efficient use of AM under different stress conditions.  相似文献   

15.
Generally, soils in Pakistan are deficient in P and N. Due to intensive cropping and irrigation, Pakistani soils have also become deficient in micronutrients such as Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which form symbiotic associations with roots of most land plants, are known to enhance uptake of P and trace elements such as Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) in uptake of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) by crops viz. soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medic). Zn and Ni were applied as ZnSO4 7H2O and NiCl2 respectively, in four concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 g kg-1 soil). AM inoculum consisted of sand containing sporocarps, spores, and AMF infected root pieces from a pot culture of Glomus mosseae. Control plants received pot culture filtrate containing soil microflora minus AM fungal propagules. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the dry weights of roots and shoots of the mycorrhizal (M) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) cereal plants. The sievate-amended treatments did not stimulate plant growth to the same extent as the AM fungal amended treatments. Trace metals inhibited the extent of mycorrhizal colonization of the cereal roots. The concentrations of the trace metals in the plant tissues of 12-week old cereal plants were found significantly (p < 0.05) higher in M than NM plants. These results indicate that mycorrhize can be used as effective tools to supply sufficient Zn in generally Zn-deficient Pakistani soils and to ameliorate the toxicity of trace metals in polluted soils. The contents of Ni in mycorrhizal soybean plant tissues were higher than those in the mycorrhizal lentil plant tissues. The implications of these results in mycorrhizo remediation of agricultural soils are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Many of the world’s soils are zinc (Zn) deficient. Consequently, many crops experience reduced growth, yield and tissue Zn concentrations. Reduced concentrations of Zn in the edible portions of crops have important implications for human Zn nutrition; this is a cause of global concern. Most terrestrial plant species form arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) with a relatively limited number of specialized soil fungi. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can take up nutrients, including Zn, and transfer them to the plant, thereby enhancing plant nutrition. Under high soil Zn concentrations the formation of AM can also ‘protect’ against the accumulation of Zn in plant tissues to high concentrations. Here, a short review focusing on the role of AM in enhancing plant Zn nutrition, principally under low soil Zn concentrations, is presented. Effects of Zn on the colonisation of roots by AMF, direct uptake of Zn by AMF, the role of AM in the Zn nutrition of field grown plants, and emerging aspects of Zn molecular physiology of AM, are explored. Emergent knowledge gaps are identified and discussed in the context of potential future research.  相似文献   

17.
丛枝菌根化翅果油树幼苗根际土壤微环境   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
以我国二级濒危保护植物翅果油(Elaeagnus mollis)为供试植物,通过温室盆栽试验,研究接种丛枝菌根真菌对翅果油树幼苗根际土壤微生态环境的影响。试验设计分4个组:摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)单独接种组(GM)、脆无梗囊霉(Acaulospora delicata)单独接种组(AD)、混合接种组(GM+AD)、不接种的对照组(CK)。测定了菌根侵染率、生物量、根际微生物数量、土壤pH值、土壤酶活性及其对N、P营养的影响等指标。结果显示:菌根真菌对3个接种组均有侵染,其中,GM+AD的侵染率最大(90.5%),生态学效应最好;与对照组相比,接种组的生物量均明显提高(p0.05),其中GM+AD组生物量显著增加,是CK组的2.2倍;AM菌根对根部微生物种群数量产生一定的影响,主要是使根面上的细菌、放线菌、固氮菌的数量显著增加(p0.05);AM菌根使根际pH值降低,与菌根侵染率呈显著负相关关系(p0.05);接种组根际土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶的活性增加,根际土壤的磷酸酶、蛋白酶的活性增加量与菌根侵染率呈极显著相关关系(p0.01);接种组的根际土壤中,可直接被植物吸收利用的N、P元素出现富集现象,与菌根侵染率呈显著相关关系(p0.05)。研究表明:丛枝菌根的形成改善了翅果油树幼苗的微生态环境,提高了根际土壤肥力。  相似文献   

18.
AM真菌在草原生态系统中的功能   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
金樑  孙莉  王强  董梅  王晓娟  王茜  张亮 《生态学报》2016,36(3):873-882
AM真菌是土壤生态系统中重要的微生物类群,能与陆地生态系统中80%以上的高等植物建立共生体系。目前,AM真菌在维持草原生态系统稳定性中的功能已经成为生态学研究的热点问题之一。基于此,从植物个体、种群、群落和生态系统等不同层次探究AM真菌在维持植物群落多样性和草原生态系统稳定性中的功能。分析发现在个体水平上,AM真菌对宿主植物具有促生效应、抑制效应或中性效应。在种群水平上,分析AM真菌对不同宿主植物吸收土壤矿质营养的分配和调控策略,围绕构成草原植被的两大组成成分:牧草和有毒植物,论述AM真菌对植物种群增长和衰败的调控机制,并从草原植物群落的物种多样性和稳定性角度,探讨AM真菌与植物群落之间的相关性。在生态系统水平上,围绕AM真菌对草原生态系统的演替和退化草原的修复等展开论述,以期为利用AM真菌开展草原生态系统保护和恢复治理提供理论依据,并对草原菌根生态学领域未来的研究进行展望。  相似文献   

19.
入侵植物与丛枝菌根真菌的相互作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Bai YF  Guo SX  Li M 《应用生态学报》2011,22(9):2457-2463
入侵植物的入侵改变了入侵地生物群落的结构,导致生物多样性的丧失.丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)作为陆地生态系统中土壤微生物普遍的组成部分,它的种类和组成能够影响入侵植物的生长表现.这种真菌与寄主(入侵植物)特殊的关系也暗示了AMF能够影响入侵植物的入侵.反之,入侵植物的入侵同样也会影响AMF的群落结构和功能.本文在简要总结我国入侵植物种类及其危害的基础上,着重探讨了AMF与入侵植物入侵之间的关系,即AMF对入侵植物入侵过程中的作用、入侵植物入侵后如何影响AMF以及两者之间的相互作用机制.  相似文献   

20.
Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil bacteria   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
The soil environment is interesting and complicated. There are so many interactions taking place in the soil, which determine the properties of soil as a medium for the growth and activities of plants and soil microorganisms. The soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), are in mutual and beneficial symbiosis with most of the terrestrial plants. AM fungi are continuously interactive with a wide range of soil microorganisms including nonbacterial soil microorganisms, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhiza helper bacteria and deleterious bacteria. Their interactions can have important implications in agriculture. There are some interesting interactions between the AM fungi and soil bacteria including the binding of soil bacteria to the fungal spore, the injection of molecules by bacteria into the fungal spore, the production of volatiles by bacteria and the degradation of fungal cellular wall. Such mechanisms can affect the expression of genes in AM fungi and hence their performance and ecosystem productivity. Hence, consideration of such interactive behavior is of significance. In this review, some of the most important findings regarding the interactions between AM fungi and soil bacteria with some new insights for future research are presented.  相似文献   

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