薄层扫描法测定7处腹水草属植物中熊果甙的含量

本文用薄层扫描法测定了７种腹水草属药用植物中熊果甙的含旦,并对提取及定量方法进行了考察。     

薄层扫描法测定产妇定胶囊中盐酸水苏碱的含量

为建立一种控制产妇定胶囊质量的方法,本文采用薄层扫描法测定处方中君药益母草中所含的主要有效成分盐酸水苏碱的含量.结果表明盐酸水苏碱在3.090～30.900μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.06%,RSD=2.57%(n=5).该方法灵敏、准确,分辨率高,可用于产妇定胶囊的质量控制.     

双波长薄层扫描法测定不同来源枸杞子中甜菜碱的含量

通过对枸杞子样品提取、脱色时间等前处理条件的优化,建立不同来源枸杞子中甜菜碱含量测定的双波长薄层扫描法(TLCS法)。使用快速溶剂萃取仪(ASE 350)用80%甲醇提取出枸杞子中的甜菜碱,经活性炭脱色、雷氏盐沉淀、丙酮溶解沉淀,采用改进的薄层扫描法在检测波长为530 nm,参比波长为625 nm条件下对枸杞子中的甜菜碱进行含量测定。得到清晰的薄层色谱斑点,无干扰;甜菜碱点样量在3.84~38.40μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9995;平均加样回收率为98.30%,RSD=2.55%(n=9)。该方法简便、准确,重现性好,适用于测定枸杞子中甜菜碱的含量测定,可为枸杞的质量控制提供依据。     

薄层扫描法测定寡核苷酸含量

建立了薄层扫描测定寡核苷酸含量的新方法.与传统方法相比,该方法具有简单、微量、样品间无交叉污染等优点,该方法的线性方程 Y=-155.7+0.1428X),相关系数(r=0.9989),线性范围(10—3000ng),平均回收率(97.33%)及平均变异系数(5.5%)均属优良.     

薄层扫描法测定软坚口服液中苦参碱的含量

采用双波长薄层扫描法测定软坚口服液中苦参碱的含量。平均加样回收率为9892%RSD为174%,实验结果表明,该法简便,准确可靠,重现性好。     

薄层扫描法测定复方太子参口服液中精氨酸的含量

应用薄层扫描法对复方太子参口服液中所含精氨酸进行了含量测定,结果表明：本法专属性强,方便准确,平均回收率为９８．４９％,变异系数为２．４７％。     

血水草地下部分白屈菜红碱的含量测定

提出一个单波长扫描测定血水草地下部分白屈菜红碱含量的方法,药材以95％的乙醇提取在320nm处测定,回收率为96.3％(CV=2.39％),结果稳定可靠。     

TLCS法测定不同月份血水草中四种生物碱的含量

本文以薄层扫描(TLCS)法测定了1996年3月至9月采集的血水草地下部分四种主要生物碱,即血根碱(Ⅰ)白屈菜红碱(Ⅱ),原阿片碱(Ⅲ)和α-别隐品碱(Ⅳ)的含量.结果表明:血水草中总生物碱的含量3月和9月最高,6月、7月和8月最低.四种生物碱之间,又以Ⅱ含量最高,Ⅰ和Ⅳ次之,Ⅲ含量最低.各生物碱含量高峰期也不一致,Ⅰ和Ⅱ为3月和9月,Ⅲ为7月,Ⅳ为3月和7月.     

薄层荧光扫描法测定花生茎中白藜芦醇的含量

本文采用薄层荧光扫描法测定花生茎中白藜芦醇含量,以氯仿-乙酸乙酯-甲酸(8∶2∶0.35)为展开剂,狭缝尺寸为3 mm×0.45 mm,在335 nm处进行扫描测定。结果表明:白藜芦醇在46.4~104.4 ng范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为:Y=7.446X 2890.328相关系数R为0.9970。该法简便,快速,精密度高,平均回收率为103.46%,相对标准偏差为0.66%(n=3)。     

石斛属4种植物中滨蒿内酯的含量测定

通过薄层扫描法测定了迭鞘石斛、短棒石斛和晶帽石斛中滨蒿内酯的含量,为中药石斛的开发利用提供依据。     

梨花中熊果苷的高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法对不同时期、不同品种的梨花中熊果苷的含量进行了分析,色谱柱为Hypersil BDSC18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇∶水(6∶94),加入甲酸0.05%,检测波长280 nm。结果表明:熊果苷在0.01～5.00μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均加标回收率为97.7%。不同生长期的鸭梨梨花中熊果苷的含量一般在10 mg/g以上,尤以花芽萌动期时含量最高,达到35.7 mg/g(鲜重计)。不同品种的9份梨花样品中,熊果苷含量在3.5～10.5 mg/g之间。     

积雪苷滴丸的TLC鉴别和HPLC法测定积雪草苷的含量

目的探索建立积雪苷滴丸的鉴别和含量测定的方法。方法TLC法鉴别积雪苷滴丸中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷,HPLC法测定积雪草苷的含量。结果TLC法鉴别积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷结果满意,HPLC法测定积雪草苷的含量,线性范围：y=0.234x＋49.869,r=0.9999,检出线性范围：0.91～45μg,加样回收率为98.9%。结论上述方法准确、专属性强,可作积雪苷滴丸的定性和定量分析方法。     

均匀设计法优化绿色木霉菌黄色素薄层色谱展开剂系统

根据系统选择法确定了绿色木霉菌（Trichoderma viride）所产黄色素的薄层色谱展开剂组分,利用均匀设计实验及逐步回归法建立回归模型优化展开剂配比,最终得出优化的展开剂系统为为石油醚-乙酸乙酯-丙酮-乙酸=12．23：1：1．58：0．55,分离效果较理想,所得到的薄层色谱分离函数指标COF2达到了42．09±0．79．     

Study of rabies virus by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) has been used in the past to study the thermal unfolding of many different viruses. Here we present the first DSC analysis of rabies virus. We show that non-inactivated, purified rabies virus unfolds cooperatively in two events centered at approximately 62 and 73 °C. Beta-propiolactone (BPL) treatment does not alter significantly viral unfolding behavior, indicating that viral inactivation does not alter protein structure significantly. The first unfolding event was absent in bromelain treated samples, causing an elimination of the G-protein ectodomain, suggesting that this event corresponds to G-protein unfolding. This hypothesis was confirmed by the observation that this first event was shifted to higher temperatures in the presence of three monoclonal, G-protein specific antibodies. We show that dithiothreitol treatment of the virus abolishes the first unfolding event, indicating that the reduction of G-protein disulfide bonds causes dramatic alterations to protein structure. Inactivated virus samples heated up to 70 °C also showed abolished recognition of conformational G-protein specific antibodies by Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis. The sharpness of unfolding transitions and the low standard deviations of the Tm values as derived from multiple analysis offers the possibility of using this analytical tool for efficient monitoring of the vaccine production process and lot to lot consistency.     

超富集植物蜈蚣草中砷化学形态的EXAFS研究

采用同步辐射扩展X射线吸收精细结构(SREXAFS)技术研究了超富集植物蜈蚣草(PterisvittataL.)中As的化学形态及其在转运过程中的变化。结果表明,蜈蚣草中的As主要以As(Ⅲ)与O配位的形态存在。As(V)被植物吸收后,很快转化为As(Ⅲ),其转化过程主要发生在根部。As(Ⅲ)向地上部转运的过程中价态基本不变。在植物的根部和部分叶柄中存在少量与As-GSH相似的As-S结合方式,但是在As含量最高的羽叶中基本上未发现这种结合方式。与需要提取和分离过程的化学方法相比,采用EXAFS方法研究植物中的砷形态不需经过预分离或化学预处理就可以直接测定植物样品中元素的化学形态,因此可以避免样品预处理过程对As形态的干扰,并获得可靠的砷化学形态方面的信息。     

Antioxidative Activity of Arbutin in a Solution and Liposomal Suspension

Chattonella marina, a raphidophycean flagellate, is one of the most toxic red tide phytoplankton and causes severe damage to fish farming. Recent studies demonstrated that Chattonella sp. generates superoxide (), hydrogen peroxide (H₂ O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which may be responsible for the toxicity of C. marina. In this study, we found that other raphidophycean flagellates such as Hetevosigma akashiwo, Otisthodiscus luteus, and Fihrocapsa japonica also produce and H₂O₂ under normal growth condition. Among the flagellate species tested, Chattonella has the highest rates of production of and H₂O₂ as compared on the basis of cell number. This seems to be partly due to differences in their cell sizes, since Chattonella is larger than other flagellate species. The generation of by these flagellate species was also confirmed by a chemiluminescence assay by using 2-methyl-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo[l,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA). All these raphidophycean flagellates inhibited the proliferation of a marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus, in a flagellates/bacteria co-culture system, and their toxic effects were suppressed by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase. Our results suggest that the generation of reactive oxygen species is a common feature of raphidophycean flagellates.     

Scanning electron microscopy of bone cells in culture

Summary Embryonic and young rat bone cells have been grown in culture and examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared with cells fixed in situ and taken directly from the animal, the cultured osteoblastic cells were smoother, flatter and more extensive and showed tighter intercellular contacts. Some matrix is formed in culture and undergoes at least partial mineralization as judged by the accumulation of Ca and P measured by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Findings concerning the morphology of the collagen arrangement were indecisive. Some superficial cells, free of surrounding matrix, resembled osteocytes in normal in vivo bone. This may indicate that a proportion of the extracellular matrix produced by the cultured cells failed to polymerise into recognizable bone matrix, and that osteocytic morphology is not dependent upon the physical characteristics of the bone matrix.     

Scanning electron microscope studies of some internal surfaces in human skin

Summary The scanning electron microscope has been used to investigate the surfaces of epidermis, hair follicles, fat cells, glands and blood vessels in sections of human skin. The appearances of structures associated with these surfaces have been described. The results demonstrate that this new instrument can become an important tool in the investigation of surface changes that might accompany the application of loads (extensive, compressive or torsional), or physiological or pathological abnormalities.We wish to thank Prof. R. M. Kenedi for his continued encouragement of this work. One of us (I.A.B.) is also grateful to the Science Research Council for the provision of a post-graduate student grant.     

The lipid composition of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana investigated by MALDI-TOF MS and TLC

The lipid composition of algae is crucial for numerous structural and physiological aspects, e.g. the integrity of the photosynthetic complexes and the functionality of membrane-embedded processes as the photosynthetic electron transport in thylakoids or the mitochondrial respiration. In this paper the lipid composition of the organic extracts of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana are compared by using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The combined methods enable quantitative evaluation of the individual lipid classes as well as the determination of the relative acyl compositions. It will be shown that both algae differ in (a) the lipid classes, (b) the relative contribution of the individual lipid classes and (c) the acyl compositions. Differences in the acyl composition concern particularly the mono- and digalactosyl diacylglycerols. Glycerol-trimethylhomoserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are exclusively detected in the C. reinhardtii extracts, whereas phosphatidylcholine is a characteristic lipid of C. meneghiniana. Furthermore, the proportion of the acidic lipids sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol is significantly higher in the diatom than in C. reinhardtii.     

TLC - HPLC法检测发酵液中10-脱乙酰基巴卡亭的研究

目的:获得快速检测发酵液中10 - DAB含量的方法.方法:以产10 - DAB内生真菌的发酵液为材料,比较TLC的三种展开系统:丙酮-石油醚、正己烷-氯仿-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-三乙胺和环己烷-乙酸乙酯,及成分的不同比例关系对10 - DAB展开效果的影响,再以HPLC进行检测验证.结果:先浓缩发酵液,再以丙酮:石油醚=4:1作为展开剂,乙醇:浓硫酸=9:1为显色剂,最小检测限为0.3μg.结论:该检测方法快速准确,为培育和改良产10 - DAB菌种以及发酵生产10 -DAB奠定基础.