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1.
水生植物在污水处理和水质改善中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
贺锋  吴振斌 《植物学报》2003,20(6):641-647
介绍了水生植物在污水治理中的应用。通过与其他方法的比较,说明了水生植物净化法有其独特的优点。分别阐述了低等植物藻类及高等水生植物净化污水的应用类型、方式,应用范围及净化机理,还对高等水生植物的选取标准作了描述。指出了该方法使用的可行性,并对其应用前景作出了展望。  相似文献   

2.
酚、氰在凤眼莲-水体系统中的迁移、积累及净化   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
 利用高等水生植物净化污水具有成本低、花工少、简单易行等特点,便于在工厂中应用和推广。国内,在实验条件下,利用高等水生植物净化污水已见有报道,但具体应用于生产条件下尚少见有关报道。本研究着重于在工厂生产条件下,了解高等水生植物凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)对钢铁厂焦化车间直接排放出的含酚、氰污水的净化效应,以及酚、氰在植物——水体系统中的吸收、运转和积累情况。  相似文献   

3.
第六次全国植物与环境保护学术会议之后成立的水生植物净化污水专题协作组于1988年10月10~12日在南京大学召开了首届全国水生植物净化污水学术讨论会。来自全国11个省市的29位代表参加了会议。会上就高等永生植物净化城市富营养化污水效应及其抑藻机理,制浆废水的水生植物净化处理扩利用藻类洽理医药工业废水,高等水生植物对  相似文献   

4.
凤眼莲等水生植物对灌溉重金属污水净化作用的初步研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用高等水生植物净化水体污染物是生物治理工业污水的途径之一。目前国内外对这方面的研究还较少,本试验旨在探索高等水生植物对沈阳西部及南部灌溉重金属污水的吸收能力,并用凤眼莲对单一重金属镉、铅和砷的净化功能与生态效应作了初步研究。  相似文献   

5.
多花黑麦草对啤酒废水净化功能的研究   总被引:34,自引:5,他引:29  
1 引言 利用水生高等植物净化污水,国内外已有很多报道,1992年丁树荣等首先利用人工基质无土栽培多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)净化缫丝废水获得成功,是利用陆生植物于高等水生植物净化塘中以净化有机污水的首例,并提出了解决在亚热带和温带冬季低温地区,利用高等水生植物净化污水时冬季不能有效运转难题的新途径,而作者于1987—  相似文献   

6.
随着水污染的不断加剧,水生植物净化污水成了热门研究课题之一。有鉴于此,本文基于水生植物净化污水的试验进行探索。通过试验大薸、芦竹等七种浮水植物和挺水植物对污水中氨氮、总磷、铁、锰的净化能力,最后得出以种植浮水植物为主或者两类植物组合应用的方式能达到最佳处理效果。  相似文献   

7.
 本文研究了凤眼莲、芦苇、蒲草、杏菜、黑藻等高等水生植物对含砷、汞、镉污水的监测作用和净化能力以及温度、pH值等因子对植物的影响。初步认为凤眼莲是含砷污水的监测植物,同时又是含砷、汞,镉污水的净化植物。芦苇,蒲草是抗污能力较强的植物,并能吸收积累污水中的砷、汞、镉。水生植物对砷、汞、镉的忍耐力大小是因其植物生活型不同而异,一般为挺水植物>飘浮、浮叶植物>沉水植物。积累量为沉水植物>飘浮、浮叶植物>挺水植物。植物对重金属元素的吸收积累受温度和pH值等生态因子的制约。  相似文献   

8.
随着中国工业化进程的推进,近年来,水生植物对水体水质的净化作用的研究需求越来越急切。水生植物对水体水质起主要净化作用,本文主要通过对水生植物的概念,水生植物对水体水质净化作用的应用,以及水生植物对水体水质的净化原理三个方面的阐述,从而对水生植物对水体水质的净化作用进行分析。  相似文献   

9.
阐述水生植物的生态功能特性与生态修复原理,以及近年来水生植物在渔业生态养殖中作为水产动物绿色饲料与病害生态防治环境友好药物的来源、有害有毒藻类控制的化感解毒生物资源、污水生物净化与渔业水域生态修复的开发应用。同时就水生植物在水产生态养殖与渔业水域环境修复开发应用中存在的问题进行探讨,并提出相应的建议。  相似文献   

10.
人工湿地系统对污水磷的净化效果   总被引:118,自引:0,他引:118  
建立以亚热带湿生、水生植物为主的十二套下流行一上流-上行流人工湿地系统作为处理城镇生活污水的对策。以其中四套研究其在不同的水力负荷及气候条件下对污水中磷的去除效果。人工湿地系统随处理运行时间的推移趋于稳定,对污水中的总磷、无机磷显示较好的净化效率,平均去除率在冬季达到40%以上,夏季达到60%以上,出水达到国家地面水Ⅲ级标准。水生植物在系统中起到明显作用,有植物系统的除磷效率及稳定性均高于无植物对照,其中2号茭白-石菖蒲系统的效果最好,总磷平均去除率为65%。4号9蔗-苔草系统在高水力负荷下的净效果优于2号。水力负荷的增加对系统的净效果没有明显影响。  相似文献   

11.
Biodiversity of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Constructed wetlands are often built for wastewater treatment to mitigate the adverse effects of organic pollution in streams and rivers caused by inputs of municipal wastewater. However, there has been little analysis of biodiversity and related factors influencing the ecosystem functioning of constructed wetlands. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biodiversity of two free-water-surface integrated constructed wetlands in subtropical Taiwan by analyzing the water quality, habitat characteristics, and biotic communities of algae, macrophytes, birds, fish, and aquatic macroinvertebrates in the treatment cells. Our results indicated that the two integrated constructed wetlands (Hsin-Hai II and Daniaopi Constructed Wetlands) achieved good performance in reducing the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), and loadings of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from municipal sewage. In total, 58 bird species, 7 fish species, and 34 aquatic macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded in the two wetlands. The results of stepwise multiple regressions showed that the richness, abundance, and diversity of birds increased with wetland area. Fish richness and abundance respectively increased with wetland area and dissolved oxygen, while the diversity decreased with increases in TP concentrations. The richness and density of aquatic macroinvertebrates increased with the cover of aquatic macrophytes, while the diversity increased with wetland area. Ordination analyses indicated that variations in the community structures of birds, fishes, and aquatic macroinvertebrates were respectively best explained by water temperature, wetland area, and species richness of fish. Our results suggest that wetland area, cover of aquatic macrophytes, and water quality were the most important factors governing the diversity in the constructed wetlands, and that the factors influencing community structures varied among different taxonomic groups. In addition to improving water quality, this study implied that the biodiversity of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment can be enhanced through proper design and management.  相似文献   

12.
Managing water quality with aquatic macrophytes   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The principal sources of water for human use are lakes, rivers, soil moisture and relatively shallow groundwater basins. Water quality in lakes and reservoirs is subjected to the natural degradation, processes of eutrophication and the impacts of human activities. Water quality problems can often be as severe as those of water availability but less attention has been paid to them, particularly in developing countries. Currently additional sustainable ways to mitigate the degradation of water quality are being researched all over the world. Phytoremediation is one of the serious efforts towards the sustainability. Most of the aquatic macrophytes are naturally occurring and well adapted for their surroundings. Aquatic macrophytes have the capability to remove excessive nutrient load from the water that otherwise cause eutrophication of the water body. Aquatic macrophytes absorb nutrient mineral ions from water column and influence metal retention indirectly by acting as traps for particulate matter, by slowing the water current and favoring sedimentation of suspended particles. Aquatic macrophytes also reduce sediment resuspension by offering wind protection. The use of aquatic macrophyte for treatment of wastewater to mitigate variety of pollution level is one of the most researched issues all over the world. Aquatic plant species are very specific for the uptake of nutrients. Owing to this specificity, the selection of the aquatic plant species is one of the skilled tasks prior to the design of a water treatment facility. An effort has been made in this review to cover the most researched aquatic flora for mitigation purposes and their possible use in a mesocosm as the selection of an appropriate aquatic plant specie reduce the time and cost of the treatment processes.  相似文献   

13.
人工湿地及其在工业废水处理中的应用   总被引:125,自引:2,他引:123  
论述了人工湿地污水处理技术的机理和优点,人工湿地利用基质、植物和微生物这个复合生态系统的物理、化学和生物的三重协调作用,通过过滤,吸附、共沉淀、离子交换,植物吸收和微生物分解来实现对废水的高效净化,同时通过营养物质和水分的生物地球化学循环,促进绿色植物生长并使其增产,实现废水的资源化与无害化;人工湿地污水处理系统具有出水水质稳定,对营养物质去除能力强,基建和运行费用低,技术含量低,维护管理方便,耐冲击负荷强,适于处理间歇排放的污水和具有美学价值等优点,该技术不仅能够在发展中国家和发达国家的城市生活污水处理中广泛应用,其在工业废水处理中的应用也正在不断受到重视,根据人工湿地在工业废水处理中的研究和应用现状,指出了人工湿地处理特殊工业废水的前景及今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

14.
西太湖水生植物时空变化   总被引:40,自引:3,他引:37  
水生植物在浅水湖泊生态系统中具有十分重要的作用。根据中国科学院太湖湖泊生态系统研究站1989年以来的常规监测资料,将西太湖(除东太湖以外的湖区)划分为9个区,采用点截法(point intercept method),于2002~2005年对各区水生植物的种类、生物量和空间分布情况进行了6次调查。结果表明:西太湖现有水生植物16种,分属于11科12属;水生植物总面积约10220hm^2,其中沉水植物分布面积约占64.58%;挺水植物约占0.29%;漂浮植物约占38.16%。各个种之间生物量差异显著,马来眼子菜、荇菜、芦苇的生物量在所有水生植物中居前3位。多样性分析表明,水生植物种类4a来未发生明显变化,但种类和生物量季节性差异较大。水生植物呈环状分布在距湖岸5km以内的水域和部分岛屿周围,东岸和南岸为水生植物的主要集中分布区域,分布区连续性好,且水草种类齐全。挺水植物种类单一,仅有芦苇(Phragmites communis)一种,分布区域多限于水深小于1.6m的湖岸;沉水植物共有8种,为水生植物的主要组成部分,马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)的分布频度最高,在西山岛周围水域逐年扩张,成为该区域的先锋种;漂浮植物3种,主要以荇菜(Nymphoides peltata)为主,在七都水域有逐渐扩张的趋势。马来眼子菜、芦苇、荇菜表现出对水环境较强的适应能力,目前为西太湖的3个优势种。20世纪50年代以来,西太湖水生植物种类减少了50种,其中水质下降是导致水生植物种类不断减少甚至消失的一个重要原因。围网养殖和不合理的捕捞方式也对局部水域的植物造成极大的破坏。水生植物生存环境日益严峻,种群单一化趋势日益明显。  相似文献   

15.
Competition and allelopathy in aquatic plant communities   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
The paper reviews the published literature on the studies of competition and allelopathy in aquatic plant communities. Taking a broader view of the community, the studies on interactions between macrophytes and microphytes, macrophytes and macro-invertebrates and microbial communities are also reviewed. The role of these interactions in the structure and dynamics of aquatic communities has been discussed in light of the current hypotheses concerning competition in terrestrial communities. The available information suggests that the aquatic plants of various growth forms differ greatly among themselves in their responses and adaptations to competition and allelopathy. The possible application of these interactions in biological control of plant pests and in agriculture is also summarized. We conclude that the observed differences in these interactions between the terrestrial and aquatic environment are due to the effects of water as a non-resource variable as well as due to special adaptive characteristics of aquatic plants. Further we hypothesize that the aquatic plants adopt both competitive and allelopathic strategies under different conditions and in interactions with different plants. The review highlights that our knowledge of both competition and allelopathy among aquatic plant communities is inadequate and fragmentary, and therefore, both extensive and intensive studies are required.  相似文献   

16.
The fate and risk of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in various compartments of the environment have been reviewed. Under aerobic conditions LAS degrade rapidly and concentration of LAS has been found very low in effluents from aerobic sewage treatment plants (STP). On the contrary, in anaerobic STPs effluents, LAS concentrations have been found very high. Anaerobic effluents containing high LAS concentrations have been found to pose risk to aquatic environment. Similarly, LAS concentrations have been found high in anaerobically treated sewage sludge's. LAS enter the soil as a result of sludge application to the land. Risk to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is increased when wastewaters and sludge's are treated anaerobically.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Aquatic plant treatment system (APTS) is a widely used sewage purification technique; however, it requires a large area of land due to its long hydraulic retention time. In order to improve the economic value of APTS in the treatment of rural sewage, an aquatic vegetables (lettuce) purification system strengthened with a set of supplemented lighting was evaluated. The effect of supplemented lighting of blue and red light on lettuce growth and sewage purification was studied by batch experiments. The results showed that the lettuce growth and the removal rates of pollutants were enhanced by supplemented lighting, of which red light is superior to blue light, and the increase of red light intensity further promoted the growth of lettuce and the removal rate of pollutants. Supplementary light is a suitable method which could improve the purification effect of APTS in most weather conditions especially in countries where day-night light patterns change substantially between winter and summer. The results would be useful for the APTS design for treating rural domestic sewage.  相似文献   

18.
为了确保我国水体清洁,生活污水除了集中处理之外,分散式的净化槽系统也是不可缺少的。对生活污水分散处理的特点、难点及发展状况进行了论述,探讨了生活污水分散处理技术在应用中存在的问题及解决方法,指出厌氧和好氧生物膜联合处理的小型一体化生活污水净化槽的发展方向。  相似文献   

19.
几种湿地植物净化生活污水COD、总氮效果比较   总被引:38,自引:2,他引:36  
以无植被、基质为河砂的潜流型人工湿地为对照,研究了石菖蒲、灯心草和蝴蝶花3种类型植被、基质均为河砂的潜流型人工湿地净化生活污水COD、总氮的效果.结果表明,在污水COD浓度小于200mg·L^-1、总氮浓度小于30mg·L^-1的低浓度范围里,无植被的人工湿地和有植被的人工湿地对污水中COD、总氮均有很好的去除效果,两者差异不大,其COD去除率均达90%以上,总氮的去除率达80%以上.随着污水中COD和总氮浓度的增加,无植被人工湿地和有植被人工湿地去除COD和总氮的效果均有不同程度下降,两者差异明显,有植被的人工湿地能维持较高的COD、总氮的去除效果,无植被的人工湿地COD和总氮去除效果下降很快,植被在人工湿地系统去除污水COD和总氮过程中起着重要的作用.在整个试验阶段,石菖蒲植被人工湿地COD和总氮平均净化效率分别为80.46%和77.77%、灯心草人工湿地分别为75.53%和71.17%、蝴蝶花人工湿地分别为70.50%和66.38%,无植被人工湿地分别为61.39%和55.81%.同无植被人工湿地COD和总氮净化效果相比,石菖蒲植被人工湿地净化效果最好;其次为灯心草植被人工湿地,再次为蝴蝶花植被人工湿地.不同类型植被的人工湿地净化污水中COD和总氮的效果与其生物量关系密切,这与植被系统吸收同化有机物质和总氮数量、根际微生物分解有机物质和硝化-反硝化作用有关。  相似文献   

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