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1.
通过模拟酸沉降实验,研究了旱季期间(10-3月份)鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林在4种不同pH模拟酸雨处理(对照、pH 4.0、pH 3.5、pH 3.0)下地表径流水化学输出特征.结果显示:(1)地表径流pH随酸处理强度增强呈“U”型变化模式,酸沉降对地表径流pH的影响不显著(P>0.05),表明模拟酸沉降尚未引起地表水的酸化.(2)地表径流中NO3-、SO24-浓度随酸处理强度增强略有增加;HCO3-浓度的变化模式与地表径流pH类似.酸根离子浓度与地表径流pH相关性分析表明,SO24-、HCO3-有助于提高地表水抗酸化能力而NO3-则有助于促进地表水酸化.(3)地表径流中盐基离子对酸沉降的响应不尽相同.pH 3.0处理显著提高地表径流中Ca2+、Na+浓度;Mg2+浓度具有随酸处理梯度增强而增加的趋势;K+受模拟酸度的影响小.表明强酸(pH3.0)处理将导致土壤Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+盐基离子流失.(4)酸沉降具有诱发土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)流失的倾向,增加地表水受有机污染的风险.  相似文献   

2.
采用饱和浸提液与土水比1:5浸提液两种方法分析了松嫩平原94份盐碱土样品的电导率、钠吸附比、主要阳离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+)以及总阳离子浓度等化学参数,并对两种方法测定的盐碱化参数相关性进行了研究.结果表明:饱和浸提液电导率、钠吸附比、总阳离子浓度、Na+离子浓度与土水比1:5浸提液相应参数存在极显著的相关关系,其关系方程可用于松嫩平原盐碱土饱和浸提液与1:5浸提液间化学参数的换算;而K+、Ca2+、Mg2+离子浓度在两种浸提液间不存在相关性.  相似文献   

3.
水体中铜对中华鲟幼鱼血液生化指标的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过检测中华鲟在不同铜离子浓度的水体中暴露60d后血液生化指标,研究Cu2+对幼鱼血浆生化成分和离子含量变化的影响及致毒效应.结果表明:中华鲟幼鱼血浆中血糖( Glu)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿素(Urea)、胆固醇(TC)、肌酐(CREA)含量随Cu2+浓度的增加而升高,低浓度组(0.40 μg· L-1)ALP含量与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05),Glu、Urea、TC、CREA含量无显著性差异;中浓度组(0.89 μg· L-1)和高浓度组(2.00 μg·L-1)含量与对照组均有显著性差异(P<0.05).甘油三酯(TG)随着Cu2+浓度的增加而下降,低浓度组与对照组无显著性差异;中、高浓度组与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),总蛋白(TP)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH-L)不受Cu2+的影响.Na+、Cl-、P含量和pH值随Cu2+浓度的增加而显著下降,Ca2+、Mg2+显著上升,其变化与Cu2+浓度存在相关性,K+含量不受Cu2+的影响.实验表明,Cu2+对中华鲟幼鱼血液生化指标的最低可观察效应浓度和最高无观察效应浓度分别为0.89和0.4 μg·L-1.血浆中ALP受Cu2+影响最明显,其含量除受Cu2+浓度影响外,随着时间的延长也显著升高,是Cu2+污染的敏感指标.  相似文献   

4.
广州市酸雨成分及其相关分析   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
分析了2003年11月-2004年10月广州市龙洞79次降雨的化学组分及其各组分之间的相关关系。得出:(1) 观测期间总降雨量1359.8,单次降雨的pH值在3.22-7.29之间,平均4.83;以pH<5.6为酸雨的临界值,则酸雨频率占降雨次数的77.2%2或占降雨量的81.5%;(2)广州降水的化学组成以SO42-、Cl-和NO3-为主要阴离子,阳离子中以Ca2+、NH4+、Na+所占比例较大;(3)广州地区酸雨属硫酸型,降雨中的SO42-、NO3-、PO43-、Cl-、NH4+、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+ 离子浓度分别为0.150,0.045,0.002,0.163,0.058,0.006,0.013,0.083和0.007 mol·L-1,单次降雨的SO42-/NO3-比值在0.42- 17.6之间,年平均为3.33,该值比西南地区相应值低许多,而且与同一地点5年前测定的结果相比较,SO42-/NO3-比值有变小的趋势,说明广州地区NOx排放量高逐渐增加;(4)广州地区酸雨有着明显的季节变化规律,春、夏、秋季酸雨比较严重,冬季酸雨较少出现,这与西南地区的重庆(冬季酸雨较春季严重)酸雨季节规律相反;(5)通过SPSS统计分析得出,雨量与各化学组分含量成负相关,说明雨量对大气污染物质的稀释作用;酸雨各化学成分之间存在着一定的相关性,如SO42-与Ca2+,NO3-与NH4+,K+与Na+、Mg2+离子,Na+与Mg2+等都存在显著的正相关,利用这种相关可以建立某些酸雨成分的预测模型。  相似文献   

5.
采用饱和浸提液与土水比1∶5浸提液两种方法分析了松嫩平原94份盐碱土样品的电导率、钠吸附比、主要阳离子(Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+)以及总阳离子浓度等化学参数,并对两种方法测定的盐碱化参数相关性进行了研究。结果表明:饱和浸提液电导率、钠吸附比、总阳离子浓度、Na+离子浓度与土水比1∶5浸提液相应参数存在极显著的相关关系,其关系方程可用于松嫩平原盐碱土饱和浸提液与1∶5浸提液间化学参数的换算;而K+、Ca2+、Mg2+离子浓度在两种浸提液间不存在相关性。  相似文献   

6.
广州流溪河降水化学成分及其海洋源分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过2006年6月~2008年5月在广州流溪河地区采集的106次降雨水样(雨量范围0.7~268.6 mm)及其化学测试,论述了几类主要离子在降水中的含量特征、季节变化、物质的海洋来源以及雨水中离子平衡等.结果显示:(1)流溪河周边没有明显的点污染源,但酸雨降水量占总降水量的69.5%,说明降水中的污染物来自该地南部和北部污染区的中距离传输;如夏季和秋季时,台风等海洋气流把珠三角南部更多的NOx传输至该地,使得雨水中NO-3含量在夏季和秋季最大.(2)降水中的年平均F-、Cl-、NO-2、NO-3、PO3-4、SO2-4、NH+4、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+和Al3+离子浓度分别为3.76、22.80、0.45、25.22、0.86、62 9、41.5、35.77、2.93、5.45、14.8和0.943 μeq·L-1;且单个降水事件中的离子浓度大小与降水量呈负相关.(3)流溪河雨水酸度主要来自SO2-4、NO-3和Cl-1,且主要靠中和因子较大的NH+4、Ca2+、K+等阳离子起缓冲作用;该地降水沉降中的强酸酸量为2 053 keq hm-2 a-1,NH+4、Ca2+、K+、Mg2+、Al3+的缓冲量分别为0.865、0.745、0.114、0.061、0.020 keq hm-2 a-1.(4)降水化学的月和季节波动明显,酸雨主要集中于雨季,而旱季雨水酸度较低,这和重庆及北京的情况相反.(5)在雨水中化学成分Na+全部来源海洋的假设前提下,分析得出:绝大部分Mg2+和部分Cl-(80.07%)、SO2-4(2.91%)、Ca2+(1.86%)、K+(6.19%)来自于海洋,而F-、NO-3来自海洋的贡献率非常小,可以忽略不计.  相似文献   

7.
摘要:【目的】微生物诱导碳酸盐矿物沉淀机理的研究有可能为CO2的矿物捕获提供科学依据。【方法】本研究在Mg/Ca 为2的B4培养基中对赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株进行了为期50天的培养实验,同时完成了一组无菌对照实验。在实验过程中,对沉淀物重量、培养液的pH值、电导率及其中细菌数量、Ca2+ 和Mg2+浓度等进行了动态监测。利用扫描电子显微镜对矿物形态进行了跟踪观察,利用X-射线衍射仪对矿物成分进行了测定。【结果】(1)在对GW-2菌株进行培养的过程中发现,沉淀物的质量随着培养时间的延长而逐 渐增加,而在无菌对照实验中未收集到沉淀物;(2)各时间段平均沉淀速率与细菌数量之间(r=0.67,P<0.05)、沉淀物质量与培养液pH值之间(r=0.79,P<0.05)均具有显著的正相关关系;(3)沉淀物质量与电导率、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度均呈极显著的负相关关系(r分别为0.89、0.93和0.98,P<0.001);(4)在赖氨酸芽孢杆菌作用下,3种碳酸盐矿物按如下顺序先后形成:非晶态碳酸钙→碳钙镁石→高镁方解石。【结论】(1)赖氨酸芽孢杆菌GW-2菌株具有诱导碳酸盐矿物形成的能力;(2)细菌数量是控制碳酸盐矿物沉淀的直接因素,而较高的pH值是碳酸盐沉淀的必要条件;(3)电导率以及Ca2+和Mg2+浓度的明显降低可以间接地指示碳酸盐矿物沉淀的发生;(4)碳钙镁石可能主要是非晶态碳酸钙经过老化作用而形成,碳钙镁石可能经脱镁作用转变为高镁方解石。  相似文献   

8.
辽东山区次生林生态系统不同林型树干茎流的理化性质   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为明确森林对降雨水质的影响,于2011年6-8月,对辽东山区次生林生态系统5种主要林型:落叶松人工林(Larix olgensis)(Lo)、花曲柳林(Fraxinus rhynchophulla)(Fr)、杂木林(Mb)、红松人工林(Pinus koraiensis(Pk)和蒙古栎林(Querus mongolica)(Om)中树干茎流和林外雨理化性质进行了监测.与林外雨相比,5种林型树干茎流均出现明显酸化(P<0.05),酸化程度为:Pk> Lo> Fr> Om> Mb;各林型树干茎流的电导率、总溶解固体含量、氯离子浓度、硝酸根离子浓度、铵根离子浓度浓度和总磷浓度显著升高(P<0.05),溶解氧浓度明显下降(P<0.05).林型间相比,Lo与Pk的电导率和总溶解固体含量和Lo的氯离子浓度较高;Lo和Pk的硝酸根离子浓度和总磷浓度明显低于其它林型(P<0.05);Mb的硝酸根离子浓度和总磷浓度显著高于其它林型(P<0.05).各林型树干茎流的硝酸根离子浓度和胸径与树高的乘积呈显著正相关.上述结果主要受降雨因素(降雨前干沉降时间长度等)、林分特征(叶面积指数、树皮特征)、树木枝叶表层积累物质的理化性质等影响.结论:各林型树干茎流水质均明显下降,其中Mb树干茎流对雨水化学性质影响较大;Pk和Lo树干茎流水体纯度下降最为显著.  相似文献   

9.
镁离子为巯基修饰类囊体还原型H~ -ATP酶光活化所必需。介质中MgCl_2浓度由2mmol/L增加到10mmol/L时,解联剂NH_4Cl对H~ -ATP酶光活化的抑制作用明显减弱,而对跨膜⊿pH的消除效应并未减轻。介质中Mg~(2 )浓度的增加不影响DCMU对H~ -ATP酶光活化的抑制作用。 介质中含40μmol/LADP时,低浓度NH_4Cl对H~ -ATP酶催化的刺激效应被消除,仅呈现抑制作用。这种NH_4Cl对H~ -ATP酶催化活性的抑制作用随着反应介质中Mg~(2 )浓度的增加而降低,因此认为Mg~(2 )参与质子传导途径的调节。  相似文献   

10.
该文研究了外源绿原酸(CGA)对Al胁迫下铝敏感型黑大豆SB根生理生化指标以及根中胁迫相关基因表达的变化,探讨外源CGA缓解SB根铝毒害的效果及分子机理。以不同浓度Al和CGA处理SB,筛选出CGA缓解Al毒害的最佳浓度,测定Al含量、抗氧化系统酶活性、14-3-3蛋白与H~+-ATP酶的表达、H~+泵活性。结果表明:低浓度CGA能缓解Al胁迫下黑大豆SB根伸长抑制,并促进侧根数目增加,而高浓度CGA的缓解效果下降;0.01 g·L~(-1) CGA使Al胁迫下SB根尖Al含量与MDA含量下降,促进根系柠檬酸的分泌。RTPCR和Western Bloting分析表明0.01 g·L~(-1) CGA促进Al胁迫下SB根中14-3-3b、14-3-3m、14-3-3k和GHA2基因(质膜H~+-ATP酶)的表达,抑制MATE基因的表达。同时,0.01 g·L~(-1) CGA能促进Al胁迫下质膜H~+-ATP酶蛋白磷酸化水平以及其与14-3-3蛋白结合,且能提高质膜H~+-ATP酶和H~+泵活性。因此推测外源CGA可能通过增加侧根数,增强14-3-3蛋白和质膜H~+-ATP酶基因蛋白表达水平和互作,弥补Al胁迫下MATE表达的抑制,增加柠檬酸的分泌,增强SB对铝毒害的耐受性。  相似文献   

11.
1. The effect of pH change on the reconstitution of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), i.e. the reactivation of the apoenzyme with coenzyme (pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate), was studied in the pH range 4.2-8.9 by using three buffer systems at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 0.1m. 2. Although the profile of the reconstitution rate-pH curve in the range pH5.2-6.8 (covered by sodium cacodylate-HCl buffer) reflects the influence of the H(+) concentration on the reconstitution process, the profile of the curve in the pH ranges 4.2-5.6 and 7.2-8.25 (covered respectively by sodium acetate-acetic acid and Tris-HCl buffers) appears to be influenced by the ionic strength of the buffer. 3. The reconstitution is also influenced by univalent inorganic ions such as halide ions and, to a lesser extent, alkali metal ions, which are known to alter the water structure.  相似文献   

12.
1. To identify the functional groups that are involved in the conversion of beta-glycerophosphate by alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) from pig kidney, the kinetics of alkaline phosphatase were investigated in the pH range 6.6-10.3 at substrate concentrations of 3 muM-30 mM. From the plots of log VH+ against pH and log VH+/KH+m against pH one functional group with pK = 7.0 and two functional groups with pK = 9.1 were identified. These groups are involved in substrate binding. Another group with pK = 8.8 was found, which in its unprotonated form catalyses substrate conversion. 2. GSH inhibits the alkaline phosphatase reversibly and non-competitively by attacking the bound Zn(II). 3. The influence of the H+ concentration on the activation by Mg2+ ions of alkaline pig kidney phosphate was investigated between pH 8.4 and 10.0. The binding of substrate and activating Mg2+ ions occurs independently at all pH values between 8.4 and 10.0. The activation mechanism is not affected by the H+ concentration. The Mg2+ ions are bound by a functional group with a pK of 10.15. 4. A scheme is proposed for the reaction between enzyme, substrate, Mg2+ and H+ and the overall rate equation is derived. 5. The mechanism of substrate binding and splitting by the functional groups of the active centre is discussed on the basis of a model. Mg2+ seems to play a role as an autosteric effector.  相似文献   

13.
The aminoacylation of tRNA catalysed by valyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.9) and isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.5) fromMycobacterium smegmatis is dependent on the presence of divalent metal ions. Polyamines alone, in the absence of metal ions, do not bring about aminoacylation. In the presence of suboptimal concentrations of Mg2+, polyamines significantly stimulate the reaction. Of the cations tested, only Mn2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ can partially substitute for Mg2+ in aminoacylation, and spermine stimulates aminoacylation in the presence of these cations also. At neutral pH, spermine deacylates nonenzymatically aminoacyl tRNA. AMP and pyrophosphate-dependent enzymatic deacylation of aminoacyl-tRNA (reverse reaction) is also stimulated by spermine. The inhibitory effect of high concentration of KC1 on aminoacylation is counteracted, by spermine. The low level of activity between pH 8.5–9.0 at 1.2 mM Mg2+ is restored to normal level on the addition of spermine. The inhibitory effect of high pH on aminoacylation in the presence of low concentration of Mg2+ is also prevntedvby spemine.  相似文献   

14.
Understanding the chemical speciation of metals in solution is necessary for evaluating their toxicity and mobility in soils. Soil samples from the Powder River Basin, Wyoming were extracted with distilled deionised H2O. Soil water extracts were subjected to chemical speciation to determine the relative distribution and chemical forms of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) in acidic environments. As pyrite oxidised, the pH decreased from 6.6 to 2.4, concentration of dissolved sulfate (ST) increased from 259 to 4,388 mg L-1 and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decreased from 56.9 to 14.4 mg L-1. Dissolved Cu concentrations ranged from 0.06 to 0.42 mg L-1 and dissolved Zn concentrations ranged from 0.084 to 4.60 mg L-1. Dissolved concentrations of Pb were found to be 0.003 to 0.046 mg L-1. Chemical speciation indicated that at near neutral pH, dissolved metal concentration in soil water extracts was dominated by DOC- metal complexes. At low pH, dissolved metal concentration in soil water extracts was dominated by free ionic forms (e.g. Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+) followed by ion pairs (e.g. CuSO4 0, ZnSO inf4 sup0 , PbSO in4 sup0 ). Results obtained in this study suggest that as soil pH decreased, the availability and mobility of metal ions increased due to the chemical form in which these metal ions are present in soil solutions.  相似文献   

15.
In vivo microdialysis was used to study the effects of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ ion concentrations on basal extracellular (EC) levels of striatal DA and metabolites in awake rats on the second day (48 h) after implantation of a microdialysis probe. Basal EC striatal dopamine (DA) levels were markedly (90%) and reversibly reduced by removal and subsequent replacement of Ca2+ ions from the microdialysis perfusate. This implies that the EC DA in this preparation is primarily of synaptic origin. The addition and subsequent removal of 1.7 mM MgCl2 to the Mg2(+)-free perfusate produced a reversible decrease (20%) in basal EC DA levels. This decrease may reflect a competitive interaction between Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the process of vesicular release. Basal EC DA levels were also reduced (27%) by decreasing the K+ concentration of the perfusate from 4 mM to 3 mM. However, after restoring the K+ concentration to 4 mM, EC DA levels were slow to return to pretreatment levels. Basal EC 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels exhibited a parallel but diminished response to each manipulation of the ionic concentration of the perfusate. This study demonstrates that small variations in the concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ in the perfusate employed in microdialysis preparations will affect basal EC striatal DA and metabolite levels.  相似文献   

16.
We report the use of a simple yet highly effective magnetite-waste tea composite to remove lead(II) (Pb2+) ions from water. Magnetite-waste tea composites were dispersed in four different types of water–deionized (DI), artificial rainwater, artificial groundwater and artificial freshwater–that mimic actual environmental conditions. The water samples had varying initial concentrations (0.16–5.55 ppm) of Pb2+ ions and were mixed with the magnetite-waste tea composite for at least 24 hours to allow adsorption of the Pb2+ ions to reach equilibrium. The magnetite-waste tea composites were stable in all the water samples for at least 3 months and could be easily removed from the aqueous media via the use of permanent magnets. We detected no significant leaching of iron (Fe) ions into the water from the magnetite-waste tea composites. The percentage of Pb adsorbed onto the magnetite-waste tea composite ranged from ∼70% to 100%; the composites were as effective as activated carbon (AC) in removing the Pb2+ ions from water, depending on the initial Pb concentration. Our prepared magnetite-waste tea composites show promise as a green, inexpensive and highly effective sorbent for removal of Pb in water under environmentally realistic conditions.  相似文献   

17.
Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) is synthesized in media with a low phosphate concentration (0.37 mmm of total and 19 μm of inorganic phosphate, respectively) already during the exponential phase of growth ofBacillus cereus. The enzyme is repressed by higher phosphate concentrations (3.7 mm) during the whole growth period; during sporogenesis the enzyme activity in cells slightly increases even under these conditions. During growth the enzyme is not secreted into the medium, a minor amount being released after cessation of growth. The enzyme activity can be increased by adding Zn2+ ions (10 μm). When during growth without phosphate the pH of the medium decreases below 5.0, the enzyme activity temporarily decreases and growth is slowed down, followed by a subsequent increase of the enzyme activity. In this case the onset of sporulation is also delayed.  相似文献   

18.
不同耐盐植物根际土壤盐分的动态变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
董利苹  曹靖  李先婷  代立兰  苏怡兵 《生态学报》2011,31(10):2813-2821
以甘肃秦王川引大灌区盐渍化土壤为研究背景,用盆栽根袋法对4种耐盐植物根际和非根际土壤pH和盐分离子的动态变化进行了分析比较。结果表明:4种待测植物随着培养时间的延长土壤pH和EC值呈降低趋势。新疆大叶(Medicago Sativa L.cv.Xinjiangdaye)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus)和霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)生长90 d后根际土壤pH明显低于非根际,而裸麦(Hordeum vulgare var. vulgare)根际较非根际pH差异不大。霸王和新疆大叶根际土壤EC值较非根际高,而裸麦和向日葵的根际与非根际差异不大。4种供试植物根际K+均出现亏缺,Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、SO2-4和Cl-在新疆大叶、霸王和向日葵3种植物根际均出现富集,对于裸麦:Ca2+、Mg2+和SO2-4 3种离子在植物根际富集,而Cl-和Na+在根际亏缺。随着待测植物培养时间的增加Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+和Na+/Mg2+ 这3个比值呈降低趋势,说明Na+相对于K+、Ca2+和Mg2+的含量降低,生物措施对Na+的移除效果较显著。  相似文献   

19.
In active odontoblasts from the rat incisor, used as a model system for biologic calcification, two distinguishable enzyme activities capable of degrading adenosine monophosphate (ATP) exist. Once can be inhibited ny 1-tetramisole, (+/-)-2,3,5,6,-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo (2.1B) THIAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE (Levamisol) and (+/-)-6(m-bromophenyl)-5.6-dehydroimidazo (2.1-b) thiazole oxalate (R823) and is probably identical with nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1). The activity of the other enzyme, named Ca2+-ATPase, is dependent on the presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ and is activated by these ions. The pH optimum of Ca2+-ATPase is 9.8. The Ca2+-ATPase is unaffected by Levamisole, R 8231, ouabain, ruthenium red, Na+ and K+ ions. Maximal activity was found against ATP, whereas adenosine diphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, inosine triphosphate and adensoine monophosphate were hydrolysed at lower rate. It may be speculated that the Ca2+-ATPase is concerned with the transmembranous transport of Ca2+ ions to the mineralization front.  相似文献   

20.
植物Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白功能及调控的研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
石乐义  李美茹  李洪清  陈贻竹   《广西植物》2006,26(6):602-607
Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白是一种调控Na+、H+跨膜转运的膜蛋白,对细胞内Na+的平衡和pH值的调控等活动具有重要作用。该文主要对近年来Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白功能及其调控的研究进展进行概述,着重讨论其在调控离子稳态平衡,液泡pH值大小与花色显现,以及在影响细胞,器官(叶片)发育,盐胁迫信号转导等方面的可能作用。  相似文献   

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