铃兰族rbcL的PCR-RFLP分析

本文用7属9种铃兰族Tribe convallarieae植物的叶绿体DNA中rbcL基因片段的PCR产物的RFLP结果进行聚类分析。结果表明：开口箭属与蜘蛛抱蛋属关系密切,夏须草属与族内其余各属亲缘关系稍远,与外部器官形态、核型和孢粉学资料所得出的结论基本一致。此外,本文对铃兰属的系统位置也进行了讨论。     

铃兰族(广义)花粉形态与叶表皮特征的研究

对铃兰族(广义)7个属分别作了花粉(17种)扫描电镜观察和叶表皮(12种)的光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。花粉可分为8个类型。在狭义的铃兰族的4个属内,花粉全为远极单槽,舟状。它们的外壁除夏须草属外,都具细孔。夏须草属的花粉外壁则为细皱。 Hutchinson(1934)的蜘蛛抱蛋族花粉形态变异很大,其中开口箭属和万年青属的花粉为远极单槽,舟形,外壁具穿孔或网纹,而蜘蛛抱蛋属的花粉则为球状,无萌发孔。其间的显著差异支持Nakai为前两个属建立万年青族(Rohdeae)。表1归纳了7个属的花粉形态;图1是我们对铃兰族(广义)花粉形态演化的见解。叶表皮观察表明,气孔器为无规则型,上表皮角质层主要为条纹加厚,或均匀加厚,而铃兰属的角质层秕糠状加厚。7个属的叶表皮特征归纳于表2。     

叶绿体DNA片段的RFLP分析在黄精族系统学研究中的应用

对广义百合科黄精族6属23种及铃兰族1属1种的叶绿体基因组trnK和rpl16两个基因片段进 行了PCR-RFLP分析,结果表明：trnK基因的PCR产物在各类群间几乎不存在长度变异,均约2600bp,而rpl16基因则在各属之间及黄精属内表现出长度变异,变异范围在1140~1320bp之间;限制性酶切位点的同源性分析显示,黄精属、竹根七属、鹿药属和舞鹤草属构成的狭义黄精族与铃兰族中的铃兰属有较近的亲缘关系,并支持将扭柄花属和万寿竹属从广义百合科黄精族中分出的观点;在狭义黄精族内,黄精属与竹根七属聚成一支,鹿药属与舞鹤草属聚成另一支,为探讨族内属间的系统演化关系提供了分子生物学方面的证据。另外,本研究结果支持将金佛山黄精从鹿药属转隶至黄精属的观点。     

天门冬科广义铃兰族的染色体数目与核型进化研究

广义铃兰族包括6属200余种单子叶植物,具有较为稳定的染色体数目以及明显的核型变化,是研究植物染色体进化非常理想的类群。该研究采用常规压片法对铃兰族5个物种植物的染色体形态、数目及其核型进行了观察分析,并全面收集和整理了铃兰族所有已报道的共81种253条的染色体记录,通过综合统计、重建系统发育树,探讨铃兰族属间以及各属下种间的系统关系,以揭示物种间的亲缘关系和起源演化趋势。结果表明:(1)细胞学实验观察发现,铃兰族5个物种植物的染色体数目除蜘蛛抱蛋为2n=36外,其余4种均为2n=38,且均为二倍体,不对称性核型均为Stebbins’-2C型,核型不对称系数As.K%的变化范围为65%～69%,但染色体核型公式有差别。(2)所收集的铃兰族染色体报道记录中,绝大多数物种的染色体数目为2n=38,只在蜘蛛抱蛋属中有部分物种为2n=36;根据染色体长度变化核型主要分为单型和三型;统计结果显示,染色体2n=36的类群比2n=38的类群通常多1对中型染色体,少2对小型染色体,推测可能是由于2对小的染色体融合成为1对中型染色体。(3)基于4个叶绿体基因片段(rbcL、matK、psbA-trnH和trnL-F)和核基因ITS构建的铃兰族最新分子系统发育树显示,铃兰族分为三支,第Ⅰ支位于整个族的基部,为首先分化出来的铃兰-白穗花分支,均以x=19为基数;第Ⅱ支为万年青-吉祥草分支,染色体基数为x=19;第Ⅲ支为蜘蛛抱蛋-长柱开口箭分支,染色体基数为x=18或19;结合铃兰族染色体基数和核型分析发现,铃兰族染色体低基数的x=18是由x=19通过染色体融合或丢失进化而来,推测核型则是由比较对称的单型向不对称的三型演化而来。该研究结果为铃兰族属间关系及物种进化关系提供了细胞学支持证据。     

铃兰族的甾体皂甙

铃兰族植物富含甾体皂甙,本文对该族植物中甾体皂甙的化学结构、分布及生物活性进行了综述。     

铃兰族的甾体皂甙

铃兰族植物富含甾体皂甙,本文对该族植物中甾体皂甙的化学结构、分布及生物活性进行了综述。     

白穗花有性器官与胚胎发育形态的研究

利用石蜡切片技术对白穗花(Speirantha gardenii (Hook.) Baill.)胚胎发育过程进行了显微观察。研究结果表明: 白穗 花具四室花药, 腺质绒毡层; 小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型, 四分体主要为左右对称型, 偶有直线型、T型和交互对生型; 成熟花粉为二细胞型; 子房三室, 中轴胎座; 倒生胚珠, 双珠被, 厚珠心型, 珠孔由内珠被形成; 胚囊的发育为蓼型; 胚的发育类型为柳叶菜型, 核型胚乳。根据已有的胚胎学资料, 比较白穗花和铃兰族(Convallarieae)其它植物的胚胎学特征, 结果显示: (1) 白穗花属(Speirantha Baker)与蜘蛛抱蛋属(Aspidistra Ker-Gawler)的胚胎学特征更为接近, 二者可能起源于共同的祖先; (2) 夏须草属(Theropogon Maxim.)是铃兰族的异质类群。     

白穗花有性器官与胚胎发育形态的研究

利用石蜡切片技术对白穗花（Speirantha gardenii（Hook.）Baill.）胚胎发育过程进行了显微观察。研究结果表明：白穗花具四室花药,腺质绒毡层;小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型,四分体主要为左右对称型,偶有直线型、T型和交互对生型;成熟花粉为二细胞型;子房三室,中轴胎座;倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心型,珠孔由内珠被形成;胚囊的发育为蓼型;胚的发育类型为柳叶菜型,核型胚乳。根据已有的胚胎学资料,比较白穗花和铃兰族（Convallarieae）其它植物的胚胎学特征,结果显示：（1）白穗花属（Speirantha Baker）与蜘蛛抱蛋属（Aspidistra Ker-Gawler）的胚胎学特征更为接近,二者可能起源于共同的祖先;（2）夏须草属（Theropogon Maxim.）是铃兰族的异质类群。     

吉祥草的花部器官发生及其系统学意义

利用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了吉祥草（Reineckia carnea）（铃兰科）的花部器官发生发育过程。吉祥草花被片、雄蕊的发生方式是由近轴端向远轴端发生的逆单向型（reversed unidirection）,花发育后期花被片合生形成花被筒,花丝与之贴生。伴随花被片、雄蕊发生,三枚心皮也由近轴向远轴方向相继发生,随后彼此合生发育。花序顶部的花易发生花器官数目变异。结合早期花原基形态以及花器官数目变异情况分析,吉祥草的花被片与雄蕊可能是由共同原基分化而成。从花部器官发生式样和花被筒形成时间两方面比较吉祥草属、白穗花属和铃兰属的特征发现,三属中,铃兰属处于相对进化的位置,而白穗花属比吉祥草属更为原始。     

叶表皮及种皮特征在黄精族系统学研究中的应用

通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对黄精族trib．Polygonateae 7属79种以及相关类群12属15种 的叶下表皮形态及种皮微形态进行了观察。结果表明广义黄精族植物的叶表皮形态和种皮形态可分别 分为4种类型和6种类型。在黄精族中,鹿药属Smilacina和黄精属Polygonatum的叶表皮和种皮特征在 属内表现出一定的多样性,据此可将黄精属植物分为两类：第一类多表现为叶表皮细胞形状不规则,其垂周壁为波曲形或无皱褶但弯曲,种皮表面浅穴状;另一类叶表皮细胞形状为长方形或菱形,其垂周壁 直或无皱褶但弯曲,种皮表面具脊状突起或网状结构。其中,叶表皮细胞垂周壁无皱褶但弯曲为过渡 类型,在两类植物中均有表现。本研究结果还显示出竹根七属Disporopsis和黄精属的互叶类以及鹿药属 同具有波状垂周壁的叶表皮细胞和穴型种皮。舞鹤草属Maianthemum和鹿药属的S．stellata,S．trifolia 等的种皮特征相似。万寿竹属Disporum的叶表皮特征在属内表现得相当一致,但种皮特征在东亚分布 的种和北美分布的种之间区别明显。扭柄花属Streptopus叶表皮和种皮特征在属内没有分化。卵叶扭 柄花S．ovalis的叶表皮和种皮特征与属内其它种之间没有区别,确证了它在本属中的位置。扭柄花属、 万寿竹属、七筋菇属Clintonia与黄精族其它类群差别较大,但前两者与Uvulariaceae科的油点草属Tricyr- tis和细钟花属Uvudaria较为接近,从而支持了Dahlgren将其移至Uvulariaceae的观点。而在与外类群的关系中,铃兰族的铃兰属Convallaria与黄精族具相近的叶表皮和种皮特征。     

Psednotrichia, a genus of the tribe Senecioneae hitherto misplaced in the Astereae (Asteraceae)

Anderberg, A. A. & Karis, P. O. 1995. Psednotrichia , a genus of the tribe Senecioneae hitherto misplaced in the Astereae (Asteraceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 375–379. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
The tribal position for the little known genus Psednorrichia , is established. This monotypic genus, hitherto placed in the tribe Astereae, is a congener of Xyridopsis of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). The two species of Xyridopsis are here transferred to Psednotrichia and the new combinations P. xyridopsis and P. newtonii are made. A brief discussion of the morphology of the genus, and its systematic position within the tribe Senecioneae is provided.     

GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS OF DECASCHISTIA (MALVACEAE) AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TRIBE,DECASCHISTIEAE

The Asiatic genus Decaschistia has traditionally been placed in the tribe Hibisceae, but it is shown that this genus has a combination of characters that does not permit it to be accommodated either in the Hibisceae or in any other tribe of the Malvaceae. A new tribe, the Decaschistieae Fryx., is therefore described and distinguished from the other four tribes currently accepted in the Malvaceae.     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究　Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）李新正（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）１５棒缘蝽亚科（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｈｌｏｅｉｎａｅ）（图６８—８３）棒缘蝽类包括２８个属,除ＶｉｌｇａＳｔａｌ为新世界分布,ＣｅｒａｌｅｐｔｕｓＣｏｓｔａ和颗缘...     

New and Little-Known Crickets of the Subfamily Phalangopsinae (Orthoptera,Gryllidae). 14. The Subtribes Phaeophilacridina and Paragryllodina subtrib. n.

Entomological Review - Two new species of the genus Phaeophilacris Walk., belonging to the tribe Phalangopsini, as well as a new subtribe, genus, and species of the tribe Paragryllini, are...     

A revision of the tribe Plectrothripini of fungus-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Phlaeothripinae)

Abstract The tribe Plectrothripini is redefined with examination of its systematic relationships. Keys are provided to the ten genera and forty-seven species in this tribe; one genus and eighteen species are newly described; one genus and two species are newly synonymized; two genera, Chiridothrips and Eurytrichothrips , are here removed from this tribe. The species of the tribe occur throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world; seventeen species are recorded from the Oriental Region, seventeen species from the Neotropical Region, ten species from the Afrotropical Region, two from Australia and one from the Pacific. They seem to be fungus-feeders, being found mainly under the bark of trees or on dead branches.     

Bobgunnia, a new African genus of tribe Swartzieae (Fabaceae, Faboideae)

A new genus, Bobgunnia, is established in tribe Swartzieae for the African species of Swartzia. Two new combinations are made: B. fistuloides and B. madagascariensis. The new genus has seeds, unlike the remainder of tribe Swartzieae but like the other tribes of Faboideae. The systematic position of Swartzieae is reevaluated.     

Corollonema thylogale n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Strongyloidea), parasitic in the pademelons Thylogale thetis and T. stigmatica (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from Queensland, Australia

Corollonema thylogale n. g., n. sp. is described from the stomachs of Thylogale thetis and T. stigmatica from south-eastern Queensland. The new genus is characterised by four branches to the dorsal ray, a J-shaped ovejector, a cylindrical buccal capsule reduced to a posterior, thickened annulus and a leaf-crown of eight elements originating from the base of the buccal capsule. On the basis of these features, the new genus is placed in the subfamily Cloacininae Stossich, 1899 and the tribe Coronostrongylinea Beveridge, 1986. The presence of an internal leaf crown is unique within the tribe and the new genus is erected on this basis.     

A new Australian genus of Araceae, with notes on generic limits and biogeography of the Areae

HAY, A., 1992. A new Australian genus of Araceae, with notes on generic limits and biogeography of the Areae . A monotypic aroid genus is described from Melville Island, Northern Territory, Australia. The genus is diagnosed in the tribe Areae by its tubular spathe base divided into two chambers by an annular septum. The genus is most closely related to Sauromatum and to some Asiatic, not Australian, species of Typhonium . It is proposed that the geography of the Areae (including Arum, Dracunculus etc.) may now suggest a Gondwanan (rather than Laurasian) and hence Cretaceous (rather than much more recent) origin for the tribe, and its dual arrival in Malesia.