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1.
棉蚜抗吡虫啉品系和敏感品系主要解毒酶活性比较   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
通过生物测定和生物化学方法比较了棉蚜 Aphis gossypii 对吡虫啉抗性(约为7倍)和敏感品系几种主要解毒酶的活性。结果表明:氧化胡椒基丁醚对两个品系均无明显增效作用。抗性品系中羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的比活力均明显高于敏感品系,抗性品系中羧酸酯酶的Km值也显著高于敏感品系,说明抗性品系羧酸酯酶与底物的亲和力明显高于敏感品系。上述结果证明羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活力增强在棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性中起重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
我国棉花主产区棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性监测及抗性机理   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
【目的】由于生长周期短、繁殖率高,棉蚜Aphis gossypii容易对杀虫剂产生抗药性。本研究旨在明确我国棉花主产区棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性水平及抗性机理。【方法】采用浸叶法测定了北京海淀,河北廊坊和邯郸,山东德州,河南许昌,以及新疆奎屯和阿克苏地区棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性水平;测定了不同种群棉蚜3种解毒酶(多功能氧化酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶)及乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性;并对靶标基因烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(n AChR)β1亚基基因进行了突变检测。【结果】北京海淀、河南许昌和河北邯郸的棉蚜对吡虫啉敏感;河北廊坊、新疆阿克苏、山东德州及新疆奎屯地区的棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性倍数(resistance ratio,RR)分别为22.6,26.3,53.5和61.1倍,为中等水平抗性。酶活力对比研究发现,阿克苏和奎屯地区的棉蚜多功能氧化酶的比活力分别是敏感种群(北京种群)的1.7和1.8倍,羧酸酯酶的比活力分别是敏感种群的1.6和1.7倍,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的比活力均是敏感种群的1.5倍,但是乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力在棉蚜种群间差异不显著。靶标基因突变检测表明,河北廊坊、新疆阿克苏、山东德州及新疆奎屯棉蚜种群n AChRβ1亚基均存在与吡虫啉抗性相关的精氨酸到苏氨酸(R81T)突变。【结论】结果提示,多功能氧化酶、羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活力升高以及n AChRβ1亚基R81T突变与棉蚜对吡虫啉的抗性形成相关。  相似文献   

3.
转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉蚜的杀虫剂敏感性及解毒酶系的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
采用浸叶法,以亲本常规棉作对照,室内测定了吡虫啉和辛硫磷对在转Bt基因棉上取食不同世代棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover的毒力,并用酶标仪测定了转Bt基因棉对棉蚜酯酶、羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活力的影响。结果表明,棉蚜对吡虫啉和辛硫磷的敏感性并未受Bt棉的影响,2种杀虫剂对分别取食Bt棉1代和多代(60代以上)的棉蚜与取食亲本常规棉棉蚜的LC50值之间均无显著差异。在抗虫棉GK12上取食1代和21代的棉蚜,其酯酶、羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活力与取食亲本常规棉的棉蚜之间差异不显著。可见,转Bt基因棉对棉蚜的杀虫剂敏感性和解毒酶活力无显著影响。  相似文献   

4.
寄主植物对斜纹夜蛾酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用生物测定与生物化学的方法,就取食不同寄主植物的2个斜纹夜蛾[Spodoptera litura(Fab.)]品系对丙溴磷和灭多威的敏感性及其体内的酯酶与乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性变化进行了研究。结果表明,取食不同寄主植物的斜纹夜蛾对丙溴磷和灭多威的敏感性不同。在敏感品系中,取食不同食料的斜纹夜蛾后代对灭多威的敏感性顺序为:烟草<棉花<大豆<人工饲料;对丙溴磷而言,敏感性顺序则为:棉花<烟草<大豆<人工饲料。而在田间抗性品系中,对丙溴磷的敏感性顺序为:棉花<烟草<人工饲料<大豆;对灭多威的敏感性顺序为:棉花<烟草<大豆<人工饲料。此外,在田间抗性和敏感品系中,取食不同食料的斜纹夜蛾体内的酯酶活性之间均存在显著差异,对其乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性也有程度不同的诱导效应,但并不会引起乙酰胆碱酯酶的质变。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究抗性和敏感棉蚜Aphis gossypii品系对菊酯类药剂代谢的差异, 本实验合成了溴氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯报告荧光底物, 应用这两种底物水解后生成具有荧光化合物的特性,测定了不同品系棉蚜羧酸酯酶的代谢活性。结果表明: 氧化乐果棉蚜抗性和敏感品系羧酸酯酶对溴氰菊酯报告荧光底物的代谢活性分别为10.0和3.4 pmol/min·mg; 对高效氯氰菊酯报告荧光底物的代谢活性分别为4.0和2.4 pmol/min·mg, 抗性品系羧酸酯酶对溴氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯报告荧光底物的代谢活性分别为敏感品系的2.9和1.7倍; 溴氰菊酯棉蚜抗性和敏感品系羧酸酯酶对溴氰菊酯报告荧光底物的代谢活性分别为7.6和6.2 pmol/min·mg; 对高效氯氰菊酯报告荧光底物的代谢活性分别为9.3和5.2 pmol/min·mg, 抗性品系羧酸酯酶对溴氰菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯报告荧光底物的代谢活性分别为敏感品系的1.2和1.8倍。这种衍生的报告荧光底物能够用来检测抗性棉蚜羧酸酯酶的水解活性, 表明羧酸酯酶可能参与棉蚜对溴氰菊酯和氧化乐果抗性的形成。  相似文献   

6.
抗性品系棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的变异   总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10  
李飞  韩召军  唐波 《昆虫学报》2003,46(5):578-583
用浸叶法测定了采自我国不同地区(泰安、莱阳、南京、北京和安阳)的棉蚜品系Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ对久效磷、甲胺磷、抗蚜威和灭多威等杀虫剂的抗性水平,各棉蚜品系对杀虫剂的抗性依次为Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ,Ⅱ>Ⅰ。进一步研究表明,Ⅴ和Ⅳ品系棉蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶对杀虫剂的敏感性显著下降,Ⅱ品系次之,Ⅲ和Ⅰ品系接近于敏感品系。Ⅴ和Ⅳ品系乙酰胆碱酯酶的Km值显著下降,表明酶发生了质的变化。不同棉蚜抗性品系的酯酶(全酯酶和羧酸酯酶)活性均显著升高,其中Ⅲ品系的酯酶活力为Ⅱ品系的2倍。Ⅴ品系羧酸酯酶Km值达2460.4 μmol/L,而Ⅳ品系仅为84.4 μmol/L,该两个品系羧酸酯酶发生了质的变化。研究结果表明,不同抗性程度的棉蚜品系均存在代谢抗性和靶标抗性。低抗水平的棉蚜品系,以代谢抗性为主,靶标抗性为辅;中抗水平的棉蚜品系,抑或由于解毒代谢酶的活性显著增强,也可能由于靶标的敏感性显著下降;而高抗水平的棉蚜品系,依赖于代谢抗性和靶标抗性的联合作用。  相似文献   

7.
棉蚜抗氧化乐果品系的羧酸酯酶基因突变   总被引:12,自引:5,他引:7  
郭惠琳  高希武 《昆虫学报》2005,48(2):194-202
用氧化乐果对室内敏感品系棉蚜Aphis gossypii (Glover)进行抗性选育,经24代筛选,抗性指数达到124.7倍。以α-乙酸萘酯(α-NA)为底物,比较了氧化乐果敏感和抗性品系棉蚜羧酸酯酶的比活力,发现抗性品系羧酸酯酶比活力明显小于敏感品系。对这两个品系的羧酸酯酶基因进行了克隆,通过对抗性和敏感品系羧酸酯酶基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列比较,发现抗性品系有4个氨基酸残基发生了替代 (His104→Arg, Ala128→Val, Thr333→Asp, Lys484→Arg)。对其蛋白质三维结构分析推测只有His104→Arg的替代是位于其活性中心。棉蚜氧化乐果敏感和抗性品系羧酸酯酶基因cDNA全长的GenBank登录号分别为AY485216和AY485214。  相似文献   

8.
棉蚜对有机磷杀虫剂抗性的生化机理   总被引:39,自引:8,他引:31       下载免费PDF全文
本文对有机磷抗性和感性棉蚜Aphis gossypii三个种群抗性生化机制进行了讲究.首先用解毒酶的抑制剂测定药剂的解毒途径.进一步测定乙酰胆碱酯酶活力及其敏感性和多功能氧化酶、谷胱甘肽s-转移酶、α-乙酸萘酯酶和α-乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶等解毒酶的活力.结果表明,体内条件下,多功能氧化酶与抗性有关,但在离体条件下,在棉蚜匀浆液中有内源抑制剂存在.α-乙酸萘酯酶和α-乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶活力的增加,乙酰胆碱酯酶对杀虫剂敏感性的降低也是造成棉蚜对有机磷产生抗性的原因.  相似文献   

9.
白纹伊蚊溴氰菊酯抗性和敏感品系羧酸酯酶性质比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus溴氰菊酯抗性品系和敏感品系羧酸酯酶的生物化学性质进行了比较。白纹伊蚊抗性品系和敏感品系羧酸酯酶随底物浓度(α-乙酸萘酯或β-乙酸萘酯)的变化比活力变化趋势一致,但抗性品系对这2种底物的比活力均高于敏感品系,抗性品系羧酸酯酶的米氏常数和最大反应速度与敏感品系有显著差异。胆碱酯酶抑制剂测定结果表明,抗性品系羧酸酯酶对敌敌畏和磷酸三苯酯的敏感性高于敏感品系,对残杀威的敏感性低于敏感品系。2个品系羧酸酯酶对脱叶磷的敏感性差异不大。说明羧酸酯酶可能与白纹伊蚊对溴氰菊酯抗性有关。  相似文献   

10.
B型烟粉虱田间种群对毒死蜱和敌敌畏抗性的生化机制   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
通过增效剂生物测定和生化分析,探讨了采自福建省的B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci 6个田间种群对毒死蜱和敌敌畏抗性的生化机制。结果表明:与敏感品系SUD-S相比,6个田间种群对毒死蜱和敌敌畏分别具有54.53~78.43倍和6.23~11.25倍的抗性。TPP、PBO和DEM对毒死蜱的增效比分别为3.61~24.94倍、1.14~1.76倍和1.04倍,对敌敌畏的增效比分别为1.67~2.64倍、1.33~1.65倍和1.09倍,表明羧酸酯酶的解毒代谢在烟粉虱对毒死蜱的抗性中起着重要作用。烟粉虱抗性种群乙酰胆碱酯酶的Km值是敏感品系的1.83~4.0倍,V max值是敏感品系的0.34~0.62倍; 敏感品系乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性在底物浓度大于1.0 mmol/L时受抑制,抗性种群乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性在底物浓度大于16 mmol/L时受抑制;抗性种群乙酰胆碱酯酶对敌敌畏和毒死蜱的敏感度分别比敏感品系低119.92~161.33倍和10.11~14.24倍,表明烟粉虱田间抗性种群乙酰胆碱酯酶可能已发生了变构,由变构引起的乙酰胆碱酯酶不敏感是烟粉虱田间种群对毒死蜱和敌敌畏产生抗性的重要原因。结果提示,乙酰胆碱酯酶不敏感性和羧酸酯酶的解毒代谢在烟粉虱对毒死蜱的抗性中均起着重要作用,而乙酰胆碱酯酶不敏感性在对敌敌畏的抗性中起重要的作用,多功能氧化酶和谷胱甘肽S转移酶在烟粉虱对毒死蜱和敌敌畏抗性中所起的作用不大。  相似文献   

11.
Resistance of two strains of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, to fenvalerate and imidacloprid were determined on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) after resistance selection of one strain to fenvalerate for 16 consecutive generations, and of a second strain to imidacloprid for 12 consecutive generations on cotton in greenhouses. Dose-response and activities of detoxication enzymes of the fenvalerate-resistant strain (R-fenvalerate), the imidacloprid-resistant strain (R-imidacloprid), and a susceptible strain (S) were determined. After 16 consecutive generations of selection, resistance of A. gossypii to fenvalerate increased >29,000-fold and to imidacloprid 8.1-fold. On cucumber. resistance of the R-fenvalerate strain to fenvalerate increased 700-fold and to imidacloprid 3.6-fold. However, the most significant finding in this study was that the R-imidacloprid strain exhibited cross-resistance to fenvalerate, with a resistance ratio of 108.9-fold on cotton and 3:3.5-fold on cucumber, whereas the R-fenvalerate strain did not show significant cross-resistance to imidacloprid on either plant species. Both resistant strains of A. gossypii were more resistant to fenvalerate on cotton than on cucumber, whereas their susceptibility to imidacloprid on otton and cucumber were not significantly different. The response of the S strain to fenvalerate and imidacloprid were similar on cotton and Cucumber. Activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and alpha-naphthylacetate (alpha-NA) esterases of A. gossypii were significantly different among the three strains, with the R-fenvalerate strains having the highest, followed by the R-imidacloprid strain, and the S strain the lowest. The activities of the AChE and alpha-NA esterases for all three strains were also significantly higher on cotton than on cucumber. The resistance mechanism and resistance management strategies for the R-fenvalerate and R-imidacloprid strains of A. gossypii to fenvalerate and imidacloprid on cotton and cucumber are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Liu X  Gao X 《Environmental entomology》2010,39(6):1878-1883
Variation in the reproductive mode of melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover occurred on the large geographic scale, but the performance of different reproductive modes to use host plant is poorly understood. Life tables of melon aphid population that undergo the anholocyclic, androcyclic, and intermediate reproductive mode were conducted on different host plants. The results showed that the anholocyclic and androcyclic strains could become adults and produce offspring on cotton Gossypium hirsutum L., whereas the intermediate strain could not. The survival rate, net reproductive rate (R(0)), and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) of the androcyclic strain on cotton were significantly greater than that of the anholocyclic strain. The three strains could aptly use cucurbits host plants including cucumber Cucumis sativa L., pumpkin Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.), and zucchini Cucurbita pepo L.; survival rate and R(0) were not significantly different on these two host plants. Moreover, the r(m) of the anholocyclic strain on cucumber and the androcyclic strain on pumpkin and zucchini were significantly greater than that of the other two strains. The abilities of the three strains to use a host plant were flexible, because their r(m) on pumpkin or zucchini became equal after rearing for four successive generations; furthermore, the intermediate strain attained the ability to use cotton, and the performance of anholocyclic and intermediate strains to use cotton also significantly increased after feeding on pumpkin or zucchini for one or three generations. It was concluded that the reproductive mode and feeding experience affected the performance of melon aphid to use a host plant.  相似文献   

13.
菜蚜茧蜂对甲胺磷和灭多威的抗性机制   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
吴刚  江树人 《昆虫学报》2003,46(3):292-298
采用试管药膜法测定了菜蚜茧蜂 Diaeretiella rapae 对甲胺磷和灭多威的抗性及增效剂的增效作用,并测定了菜蚜茧蜂和菜缢管蚜 Lipaphis erysimi 乙酰胆碱酯酶动力学参数、解毒酶活性及增效剂对菜蚜茧蜂酶活性的体内抑制作用。福州地区菜蚜茧蜂已对甲胺磷和灭多威产生5.6和9.1倍的抗性,胡椒基丁醚、磷酸三苯酯和马来酸二乙酯对两种杀虫剂的抗性品系均有显著增效作用,胡椒基丁醚的作用最为显著。胡椒基丁醚对抗性菜蚜茧蜂杀虫剂敏感性的增效作用远高于对敏感菜蚜茧蜂的影响。3种增效剂对菜蚜茧蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶均无抑制作用;磷酸三苯酯和胡椒基丁醚对羧酸酯酶,马来酸二乙酯对谷胱甘肽S转移酶有显著抑制作用。抗性和敏感菜蚜茧蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶的米氏常数Km)、最大反应速度(Vmax)、羧酸酯酶及谷胱甘肽S转移酶活性值相近,但敏感菜蚜茧蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶的双分子速度常数(KI)值远高于抗性的。此外,对菜蚜茧蜂和菜缢管蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S转移酶进行了比较研究。结果表明菜蚜茧蜂对甲胺磷和灭多威的低水平抗性与乙酰胆碱酯酶的不敏感性及解毒酶的解毒代谢有关。  相似文献   

14.
寄主对豆野螟的药剂敏感性和体内解毒酶活性的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
比较取食不同寄主植物的豆野螟MarucatestulalisGeyer幼虫对3种药剂敏感性的差异,及其体内4种解毒酶活性之间的差异。结果表明:取食不同寄主植物的豆野螟对高效顺反氯氰菊酯和灭多威的敏感性差异显著,豇豆>四季豆>扁豆;对茚虫威的敏感性差异不显著。取食不同寄主植物的豆野螟体内4种酶活性都发生了变化,乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)羧酸酯酶(CarE)和多功能氧化酶(MFO)活性之间存在显著差异,豇豆>四季豆>扁豆;但谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)活性之间不具有显著差异。推测:取食扁豆的豆野螟体内产生对高效顺反氯氰菊酯和灭多威具有一定解毒作用的物质;而取食豇豆的豆野螟产生的某种物质对茚虫威具有一定的解毒作用,4种酶在其对茚虫威的解毒过程中起一定的作用。  相似文献   

15.
陈小坤  夏晓明  王红艳  乔康  王开运 《昆虫学报》2013,56(10):1143-1151
【目的】通过对乙酰胆碱受体β1亚基突变后的抗吡虫啉棉蚜Aphis gossypii (Glover)种群的继续筛选, 明确该种群的抗性发展规律以及对其他新烟碱类杀虫剂啶虫脒和噻虫胺的交互抗性及相关酶学机理。【方法】采用浸渍法连续对抗吡虫啉棉蚜进行室内筛选、 测定噻虫胺和啶虫脒对抗吡虫啉棉蚜种群的毒力; 选择LC20剂量吡虫啉、 啶虫脒和噻虫胺处理抗性棉蚜, 采用生化分析法测定其体内羧酸酯酶、 谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性变化, 并观察其生物学特性的变化。【结果】本研究对抗性棉蚜突变种群用吡虫啉继续筛选至75代, 抗性倍数达到72.6倍, RF75停止用药筛选12代(RF75+12), 抗性仍达72.0倍。且RF75+12对噻虫胺和啶虫脒的交互抗性可分别达11.9倍和20.1倍。噻虫胺对抗吡虫啉棉蚜的蜜露分泌和体重的抑制作用均大于吡虫啉和啶虫脒。噻虫胺对RF75+12的羧酸酯酶、 谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶均具有明显的抑制作用, 而啶虫脒的抑制作用较小。【结论】结果表明乙酰胆碱受体基因突变棉蚜种群对吡虫啉的抗性水平不仅升高, 且停止用药后其抗性可稳定遗传; 第二代新烟碱类的噻虫胺在抗吡虫啉棉蚜靶标突变种群的治理中具有较大的应用价值。  相似文献   

16.
棉蚜对寄主的选择及寄主专化型研究   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13  
采用叶片选择法,生命表及EPG技术研究了棉蚜对寄主植物的选择和专化性,结果表明,棉花上生长的棉蚜对棉花,西葫芦和西瓜叶片均具有强选择性,而对黄瓜和南瓜选择性弱,西瓜,南瓜和黄瓜上生长的棉蚜对其原寄主选择性强,而对棉花选择性弱,棉花上的棉蚜转接到黄瓜和南瓜上,其存活率和繁殖力极低,棉蚜的取食行为在黄瓜和马铃薯,黄瓜和棉花之间存在明显的寄主专化型,黄瓜与棉花上的棉蚜相互转接均难成功,而黄瓜和马铃薯上的棉蚜转移具有不对称性。  相似文献   

17.
通过滤纸酯酶反应法比较 4种有机磷杀虫剂对北京和山东高密地区取食不同寄主植物的棉蚜β-乙酸萘酯 (β -NA)酯酶的抑制作用。结果表明高密地区不同寄主植物上的棉蚜 β -NA酯酶活力高的个体多于北京地区 ,同时辛硫磷对高密地区不同寄主植物上的棉蚜 β -NA酯酶的抑制作用亦高于北京地区 ,而久效磷和DDVP对两地区不同寄主植物上的棉蚜种群中 β-NA酯酶的抑制作用相似。  相似文献   

18.
Apple grain aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), is an important wheat pest. In China, it has been reported that R. padi has developed high resistance to carbamate and organophosphate insecticides. Previous work cloned from this aphid 2 different genes encoding acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is the target enzyme for carbamate and organophosphate insecticides, and its insensitive alteration has been proven to be an important mechanism for insecticide resistance in other insects. In this study, both resistant and susceptible strains of R, padi were developed, and their AChEs were compared to determine whether resistance resulted from this mechanism and whether these 2 genes both play a role in resistance. Bioassays showed that the resistant strain used was highly or moderately resistant to pirimicarb, omethoate, and monocrotophos (resistance ratio, 263.8, 53.8, and 17.5, respectively), and showed little resistance to deltamethrin or thiodicarb (resistance ratio, 5.2 and 3.4, respectively). Correspondingly, biochemistry analysis found that AChE from resistant aphids was very insensitive to the first 3 insecticides (I50 increased 43.0-, 15.2-, and 8.8-fold, respectively), but not to thiodicarb (I50 increased 1.1-fold). Enzyme kinetics tests showed that resistant and susceptible strains had different AChEs. Sequence analysis of the 2 AChE genes cloned from resistant and susceptible aphids revealed that 2 mutations in Ace2 and 1 in Ace1 were consistently associated with resistance. Mutation F368(290)L in Ace2 localized at the same position as a previously proven resistance mutation site in other insects. The other 2 mutations, S329(228)P in Ace1 and V435(356)A in Ace2, were also found to affect the enzyme structure. These findings indicate that resistance in this aphid is mainly the result of insensistive AChE alteration, that the 3 mutations found might contribute to resistance, and that the AChEs encoded by both genes could serve as targets of insecticides.  相似文献   

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